Biomedical subjects

S Bresciani

Publications and source records attributed to S Bresciani.

7 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed1999

Influence of maternal CD4 levels on the predictive value of virus load over mother-to-child transmission of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1). Study Group for Vertical Transmission.

Forty-four anti-HIV seropositive pregnant women were enrolled in a study of maternal factors related to mother-to-infant human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) transmission. HIV-1 infection was documented in 11 of 45 infants (24.4%). Obstetric factors, maternal CD4 counts, and disease stage were not related to the risk of transmission. HIV-1 RNA levels at delivery were significantly higher in mothers who transmitted the infection (P = .024). A strong relationship between viral load and risk of transmission was observed in women with stage A1 (P= .006), but not in those with stages A2-A3. These results suggest that vertical transmission of HIV-1 is multifactorial and that viral load plays a major role in mothers with early-stage HIV-1 infection.

Adult↗

PubMed1998

Monocytes from Wiskott-Aldrich patients display reduced chemotaxis and lack of cell polarization in response to monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 and formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine.

Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome (WAS) is an X-linked disorder characterized by trombocytopenia, eczema, and progressive decline of the immune function. In addition, lymphocytes and platelets from WAS patients have morphologic abnormalities. Since chemokines may induce morphologic changes and migration of leukocytes, we investigated the monocyte response to chemoattractants in cells from WAS patients with an identified mutation in the WAS protein gene. Here, we report that monocytes derived from four patients with molecularly defined typical WAS have a severely impaired migration in response to FMLP and to the chemokines monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) and macrophage inflammatory protein-1alpha compared with normal donors. Conversely, neither MCP-1 binding to monocytes nor induction of the respiratory burst by MCP-1 and FMLP is significantly different between WAS patients and normal donors. Within a few minutes of stimulation, monocytes respond to chemokines with increased expression of adhesion molecules and with morphologic changes such as cell polarization. Although up-regulation of CD11b/CD18 expression following stimulation with FMLP or MCP-1 is preserved in WAS patients, cell polarization is dramatically decreased. Staining of F-actin by FITC-phalloidin in monocytes stimulated with chemoattractants shows F-actin to have a rounded shape in WAS patients, as opposed to the polymorphic distribution of F-actin in the polarized monocytes from healthy donors. These results suggest that WAS protein is involved in the monocyte response to the chemokines MCP-1 and macrophage inflammatory protein-1alpha.

Cell Movement↗

PubMed1998

Molecular and biochemical characterization of JAK3 deficiency in a patient with severe combined immunodeficiency over 20 years after bone marrow transplantation: implications for treatment.

Severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) comprises a heterogenous group of disorders that are fatal unless treated by bone marrow transplantation (BMT). The most common form of SCID (T-B+ SCID) is due to mutations of either the common gamma chain (gammac) or of gammac-coupled JAK3 kinase. We report an unusual JAK3 defect in a female who was successfully treated > 20 years ago with a BMT using her HLA-identical father as the donor. Persistence of genetically and biochemically defective autologous B cells, associated with reconstitution of cellular and humoral immunity, suggests that integrity of the gammac-JAK3 signalling pathway is not strictly required for immunoglobulin production.

B-Lymphocytes↗

PubMed1995

Detection of HIV-1 proviral sequences in lymphocytes using a qualitative polymerase chain reaction assay.

The performance and clinical relevance of a qualitative PCR-based assay for the detection of HIV-1 DNA sequences in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) was evaluated by two different laboratories. Four hundred and one samples were obtained from 397 individuals from different risk populations. All blood donors tested had negative results; positive signals were obtained from all infected patients. HIV-1 DNA was detected in 3 of 17 infants born to seropositive mothers; Western blot indeterminate blood donors and exposed health-care workers had negative results. Our results demonstrate that this PCR assay provides both sensitive and specific results and is suitable for testing large numbers of samples and for rapid identification of HIV-1 infection.

Base Sequence↗

PubMed1995

[Not Available].

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Dental Implantation↗

PubMed1994

Clinical significance of serum hepatitis C virus (HCV) RNA as marker of HCV infection.

We have evaluated the clinical significance of hepatitis C virus (HCV) RNA determination by analyzing a group of 221 hospitalized patients with abnormal liver function tests. Serum HCV RNA was detected by "nested" PCR amplification followed by nonisotopic hybridization. Of the 200 (90.5%) patients with anti-HCV-positive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay results, 152 (76%) were RIBA reactive, 47 (23.5%) had indeterminate results, and 1 (0.5%) was nonreactive. Of the 180 (90%) patients positive for anti-HCV and HCV RNA, 138 (76.7%) were RIBA reactive and 42 (23.3%) were RIBA indeterminate. The pattern of RIBA reactivity did not correlate with the presence of HCV RNA. Elevated alanine aminotransferase levels were associated neither with the presence of viremia nor with the RIBA pattern. Histological findings consistent with non-A non-B hepatitis correlated with the presence of HCV RNA but not with the RIBA pattern. HCV RNA was detected in 11 of 21 (52.4%) anti-HCV-negative patients. These 11 patients were either immunosuppressed or in the prodromic phase of acute hepatitis C. Circulating HCV RNA can therefore be described as being predictive of virus-induced liver damage in anti-HCV-positive patients and may be useful in the diagnosis of HCV infection in anti-HCV-negative immunosuppressed patients or in those with early acute infection.

Adult↗

PubMed1988

[Not Available].

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History, Modern 1601-↗