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Biomedical subjects

S Brugger

Publications and source records attributed to S Brugger.

31 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1994

Early detection of hematopoietic engraftment after bone marrow and peripheral blood stem cell transplantation by highly fluorescent reticulocyte counts.

At present, the appearance of neutrophils in the peripheral blood is considered to be the earliest sign of hematopoietic regeneration after myeloablative chemoradiotherapy. We studied erythroid regeneration in 27 allogeneic and 21 autologous marrow recipients using an automated reticulocyte counter employing a flow cytometric technique. Thereby, reticulocytes can be divided into a high, moderate and low fluorescent fraction according to RNA content. Marrow ablation caused an immediate and rapid fall in highly fluorescent reticulocytes (HFR) to zero in all patients. HFR reappeared after a median time of 7 days after allogeneic and 11 days after autologous marrow grafting. This was 7 and 2 days earlier than the appearance of first neutrophils. In allogeneic marrow recipients given erythropoetin after marrow infusion the median time to reach HFR of 0.2 and 0.5 x 10(9)/l was significantly shorter than time to reach similar absolute neutrophil counts (ANC). In allogeneic marrow recipients treated with G-CSF time to rise of HFR and ANC was almost exactly the same. Thus, automated flow cytometric reticulocyte counting allows early detection of hematopoietic regeneration and may be of clinical value for the early diagnosis of inadequate marrow function after marrow transplantation and the monitoring of erythroid regeneration under cytokine administration.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

[Comparison of the Combitube with the endotracheal tube in cardiopulmonary resuscitation in the prehospital phase].

A prospective controlled study was undertaken to evaluate the efficacy of the Combitube, a combined endotracheal and esophageal obturator airway adjunct, in prehospital cardiac arrest patients. The Combitube and a standard endotracheal tube were utilized on alternate days as the initial airway of choice by paramedics. Of altogether 86 patients treated during the study period, intubation was possible in 80 cases, 38 receiving a Combitube as initial choice of airway. 11 out of 14 patients who could not be intubated with a standard endotracheal tube were then successfully managed with a Combitube. Survival following cardiac arrest after insertion of a Combitube was comparable to conventional endotracheal intubation. Of the 6 patients who survived 2 had received a Combitube, 2 a standard endotracheal tube and 2 an oropharyngeal tube. While visualized endotracheal intubation remains the preferred method of airway control, the Combitube is an effective airway as backup to the endotracheal tube, as well as a primary airway, especially outside hospital. Contraindications are listed.

Allied Health Personnel↗
PubMed1993

Emergency intubation with the Combitube in a grossly obese patient with bull neck.

A grossly obese patient with bull neck required immediate intubation. Endotracheal intubation failed because visualization of the vocal cords was not possible. As an alternative, the Combitube was inserted without difficulty and the patients lungs were ventilated via the Combitube until tracheotomy was performed on the following day. The patient survived and was discharged alive from the hospital 5 weeks later. The Combitube has gained worldwide interest and is now included in the Guidelines of the American Heart Association and the American Society of Anesthesiologists.

Aged↗
PubMed1993

Emergency intubation with the Combitube: comparison with the endotracheal airway.

STUDY OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the safety and effectiveness of the Combitude as used by ICU nurses under medical supervision compared with endotracheal airway established by ICU physicians during CPR. DESIGN: Prospective study of ICU patients over a seven-month period. SETTING: Medical ICU. PARTICIPANTS: Thirty-seven patients suffering from cardiac arrest. INTERVENTIONS: Emergency intubation with either the Combitube by nurses or the endotracheal airway by physicians and subsequent mechanical ventilation. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Evaluation of blood gases after 20 minutes of mechanical ventilation. Intubation time was shorter for the Combitube (P < .001). Blood gases for each device showed comparable results; PaO2 was slightly higher during ventilation with the Combitube (P < .001). CONCLUSION: The Combitube as used by ICU nurses was as effective as establishment of the endotracheal airway by intensivists during CPR. The Combitube may be used whenever endotracheal intubation cannot be performed immediately.

Aged↗
PubMed1993

The Easter bunny in October: is it disguised as a duck?

To study the influence of motivational expectancy on perception, the ambiguous drawing of a duck/rabbit was shown to 265 subjects on Easter and to 276 subjects in October. The ambiguous drawing, though perceived as a bird by a majority of subjects in October, was most frequently named a bunny on Easter. This biasing effect of expectancy upon perception was observed for young children (2 to 10 years) as well as for older subjects (11 to 93 years).

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

[The biologic interaction of movements in the shoulder joint of cats and dogs].

The shoulder joint is a free joint which enables the free forelimb to describe curves in space, in order to perform movements and for locomotion. The movements can be measured in three planes: flexion-extension, abduction-adduction and rotation. The extent of movement in the cat, the German Shepherd and the Dachshund are described and the efficacy for these species and breeds is discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

[Functional and applied anatomy of the shoulder joint of the domestic cat].

The freedom of movement of the feline shoulder joint corresponds to that of a ball-and-socket joint, although the humeral head is not ball-shaped. The profiles of the humeral head and glenoid fossa were analysed with respect to their lines of movement in three planes of motion. The incongruity of the joint surfaces allows the variety of movements. Of clinical relevance are the description of a shoulder joint injection site and of the extent of joint movement in degrees.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

[Successful intubation with the Combitube of two patients with bull neck].

Endotracheal intubation is without doubt the optimal method for emergency airway management. Rapid intubation and effective ventilation are the major aims during cardiopulmonary resuscitation. As an alternative, the Combitube can be used whenever endotracheal intubation is not immediately possible. We report the successful use of the Combitube during cardiopulmonary resuscitation in two patients with bull-neck. The patients could be oxygenated and ventilated adequately with the Combitube. This case report shows that the Combitube may be a valuable tool for emergency intubation in difficult situations.

Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary↗
PubMed1993

[Anatomic fundamentals and species-specific movements of the elbow joint and proximal radioulnar joint of domestic cats].

The elbow joint of the cat is more than a simple cylindrical joint and cannot be compared to that of the dog. The structure of the bone ends, arrangement of ligaments and the shapes of the joint surfaces, which are described individually, emphasize that the elbow joint, together with the proximal radioulnar joint, have an important role to play in feline-specific limb functions.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

[The biological valence of the motion in the radioulnar joints of the cat and dog].

Whereas Kolwe described and measured pronation and supination in the cat as early as 1920, the present study deals with rotation of the lower limb of the cat and dog from both comparative and functional aspects. Active supination predominates in cats during climbing and the capture of prey; in the canine passive supination and rotation of the lower limb are used in conjunction with directional changes involved in the chase. The difference in the extent of inward rotation between long- and short-legged breeds of dogs underscores this hypothesis.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

A comparison of antihypertensive drug effects on the progression of extracranial carotid atherosclerosis. The Multicenter Isradipine Diuretic Atherosclerosis Study (MIDAS).

Hypertension is a major risk factor for coronary heart disease (CHD) and is the primary risk factor for stroke. Drug trials lowering blood pressure by pharmacological means have demonstrated impressive reduction in both fatal and nonfatal stroke (33 to 50%) that are virtually identical to the predicted stroke reduction, considering the observed diastolic blood pressure change (5 to 6mm Hg). On the other hand, reduction of CHD risk has been less impressive in these same trials. Although statistically significant, the reduction in CHD risk is roughly one-half (14%) of that predicted (25%) when results from these drug trials are analysed in aggregate. Most trials have used moderate to high dosages of thiazide diuretics or beta-blockers as therapies. Several factors may account for the disappointing results in CHD risk reduction. These drugs may induce metabolic disturbances in lipids, increased glucose tolerance, insulin resistance, or cause inadequate regression of left ventricular hypertrophy, thus attenuating the predicted reduction in CHD risk associated with pharmacological blood pressure lowering. Isradipine is a new dihydropyridine calcium antagonist that is highly effective in lowering blood pressure. Isradipine also has antiatherogenic properties in animal models of atherosclerosis. The effect of isradipine on atherosclerosis in humans is unknown. The Multicenter Isradipine Diuretic Atherosclerosis Study (MIDAS) is a 3-year double-blind, randomised trial in over 800 men and women with hypertension, aged 40 years or older. The primary aim of MIDAS is to compare the efficacy of isradipine 2.5 to 5.0mg twice daily vs hydrochlorothiazide 12.5 to 25mg twice daily in retarding the progression of extracranial carotid atherosclerosis.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Comparison of the actions of trimethadione and chlordiazepoxide in animal models of anxiety and benzodiazepine receptor binding.

Trimethadione was compared with chlordiazepoxide for anti-anxiety activity in two behavioral tests known to predict the anxiolytic action of drugs. In the drug-discrimination test, male hooded rats were trained to discriminate the anxiogenic action of pentylenetetrazol from saline by responding for food reinforcement on one of two levers after treatment with pentylenetetrazol (1450 mumol/kg) and on the other lever after injection of saline. Pretreatment with either chlordiazepoxide (2.8-33 mumol kg) or trimethadione (559-2236 mumol/kg) prior to the injection of pentylenetetrazol, produced a dose-dependent antagonism of the anxiogenic stimulus. In the other test, male Wistar rats were trained to respond for milk reinforcement in a conflict procedure in which some of the reinforced responses resulted in the delivery of footshock. Treatment of these rats with chlordiazepoxide (17-67 mumol/kg) or trimethadione (1118-2236 mumol/kg) antagonized the footshock-induced suppression of responding. In a receptor binding study, trimethadione failed to inhibit flunitrazepam binding. These data suggest that trimethadione is an effective anxiolytic agent whose action does not directly involve benzodiazepine receptors.

Animals↗