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Biomedical subjects

S Burke

Publications and source records attributed to S Burke.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1994

Incidence and size of pretreatment overlap and posttreatment gingival embrasure space between maxillary central incisors.

Five hundred sets of orthodontic diagnostic records of patients (age 15 years +/- 3) (228 males, 272 females) whose six maxillary anterior teeth had erupted were studied. Incidence of overlapped and crowded maxillary central incisors and magnitude of that crowding were determined, also the incidence of postorthodontic open gingival embrasures (black triangles) and width of those triangular spaces between maxillary central incisors were determined. Of the 500 patients 185 (37%) had preorthodontic crowding of maxillary central incisors. Magnitude of crowding was 1.08 mm +/- 0.94, n = 185. One hundred twenty-nine of these patients were treated. Their postorthodontic records were studied. Of the 129 cases 54 (41.9%) had a black triangular gingival embrasure space between the two maxillary central incisors postorthodontically. Width of the triangular space was 0.43 mm +/- 0.32, n = 54. One third of a similar population of orthodontic patients can be expected to have crowded central incisors. Two-fifths of those can be expected to have a postorthodontic black triangle when treated similarly.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

MR imaging of deferoxamine-induced bone dysplasia in an 8-year-old female with thalassemia major.

Bone changes in thalassemic patients receiving deferoxamine therapy for iron chelation include metaphyseal and growth plate irregularities. We present a case of an 8-year-old female with thalassemia major, who had magnetic resonance imaging after plain radiographs had shown metaphyseal changes in the distal femur. The signal characteristics of these abnormalities were consistent with hyaline cartilage; the surrounding marrow showed no evidence of iron overload.

Bone Diseases, Developmental↗
PubMed1992

Nurses must take lead in health care reform.

The following is excerpted from a speech delivered by Sheila Burke, RN, chief of staff to Sen. Robert Dole (R-KS), to long term care nurses at the American Health Care Association/American Nurses Association Long Term Care Nurses Forum in Orlando, Fla.

Health Policy↗
PubMed1991

1992 career guide. Best jobs for the future. Salary survey.

The best news many workers are looking for when annual review time rolls around this year is that they'll have a job for the foreseeable future. A raise? That's surely hoping for too much. Indeed, some 10 percent of the organizations surveyed by the Wyatt Co., a compensation and benefits consulting firm in New York, have frozen wages this year. About 3 percent plan to do the same in 1992. But salaries have clearly been pummeled harder in some industries than in others. The paychecks of people who work in the retail trade and in the building materials and equipment industry, for example, have barely kept pace with inflation this year. Next year promises more of the same. Those in the legal field, by contrast, enjoyed raises of 8 percent in 1991, and nurse-anesthetists averaged 10 percent. Across the board, salaries in 1991 went up 5.5 percent. But businesses are cynical about the economy's prospects, says Wyatt compensation expert Marsha Cameron, and their planned raises for 1992 average only 5.3 percent. To determine where a profession pays best, U.S. News, in conjunction with Wyatt, took a look at what 18 jobs pay on average at the entry, senior professional and middle manager levels in five regions of the country. The salaries come from Wyatt's survey of more than 3,500 organizations across the United States. New graduates in software engineering may want to send their résumés to Texas and Colorado, for example, where starting salaries, at $34,200, average $6,200 more than in Alabama and Georgia.250+

Career Choice↗
PubMed1991

Endoscopic band ligation for treatment of non-variceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding.

An endoscopic band ligation method was successful in achieving hemostasis in two patients who had severe coagulopathy and profuse gastrointestinal bleeding from a visible vessel in the stomach. Bleeding was not controlled by multiple epinephrine injections or BICAP electrocoagulation. The technique of band ligation was easy to perform and may provide an alternative treatment for non-variceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding in selected cases.

Aged↗
PubMed1991

Importance of central noradrenergic and serotonergic pathways in the cardiovascular actions of rilmenidine and clonidine.

We examined the role of central monoamine neurotransmitters noradrenaline and serotonin in the cardiovascular actions of the alpha 2-adrenoceptor agonist rilmenidine in the conscious rabbit and compared it to clonidine. Rilmenidine and clonidine were equieffective in producing a maximum 24% reduction in blood pressure and heart rate when given intracisternally (i.c.), but rilmenidine was approximately 20-30 times less potent than clonidine. The effective i.c. doses of both drugs were 25-30 times lower than those required peripherally (i.v.). Comparison of the time course of an equieffective dose of rilmenidine and clonidine showed that the time to reach maximum effect was 10 min for both drugs but time to recovery was greater for rilmenidine (2.5-3 h vs. 1.5 h for clonidine). Destruction of central noradrenergic neuron pathways with i.c. 6-hydroxydopamine attenuated the hypotensive and bradycardic actions of both rilmenidine and clonidine at 2, 4, and 8 weeks after treatment. The maximum observed attenuation of the hypotension was at 8 weeks (40% of control for rilmenidine and 29% for clonidine), while for the bradycardia this was at 2 weeks (9 and 2% of control, respectively) with some recovery by 8 weeks (29 and 50% of control). Destruction of the central serotonergic neurons with i.c. 5,6-dihydroxytryptamine also attenuated the hypotension and bradycardia to rilmenidine and clonidine but was slower in onset, needing the full 8 weeks to reach its maximum effect. At this time the hypotension and bradycardia to rilmenidine and clonidine were reduced to between 35 and 48% of control.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

5,6-Dihydroxytryptamine↗
PubMed1991

The beneficial effect of lys-plasminogen upon the thrombolytic efficacy of urokinase in a dog model of peripheral arterial thrombosis.

The efficacy of thrombolytic therapy may be limited by local availability of plasminogen near a poorly perfused thrombus. The purpose of this study was to determine if the local (i.e., clot site) administration of 0.5 mg glu-plasminogen (glu-plg) or 0.5 mg lysplasminogen (lys-plg) could safely increase the thrombolytic efficacy of a 30-min intraarterial injection of 3,500 U kg-1 of two-chain urokinase plasminogen activator (UK) in a dog model of arterial thrombosis. Thrombolysis was measured by monitoring the continuous decrement of 125I-gamma emissions from a radiolabeled thrombus. Reflow was evaluated by a distally placed flowmeter and by direct visual examination. Forty-two dogs (mean weight 10.1 +/- 1.9 kg) were randomly sorted into six groups of 7 each. The dogs in each group were given either saline plus saline (group 1), saline plus UK (group 2), glu-plg plus saline (group 3), glu-plg plus UK (group 4), lys-plg plus saline (group 5), or lys-plg plus UK (group 6) by selective arterial catheterization 60 min after formation of an occlusive thrombus. Ninety minutes following drug administration, all groups which received UK (groups 2, 4, and 6) showed greater lysis (p less than 0.05) than the groups which received only saline or either glu- or lys-plg plus saline. Group 6, which received lys-plg plus UK, showed significantly greater lysis (34 +/- 4%) than both group 2 (23 +/- 2%), which received saline plus UK, and group 4 (19 +/- 3%), which received glu-plg plus UK (p less than 0.05). All dogs (7/7) in group 6 had reflow at 90 min whereas only 3/7 dogs had reflow in both groups 2 and 4.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1990

The protective effect of heparin in a dog model of rethrombosis following pharmacologic thrombolysis.

Rethrombosis is an important clinical problem for patients who have benefitted from pharmacologic thrombolysis. The present study describes a dog model of arterial thrombosis, which includes endothelial denudation, intimal damage, and stenosis, and is suitable for studying the phenomena of both thrombolysis and subsequent rethrombosis. The model was used to determine the effect of tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-PA), high and low dose heparin, and saline upon the incidence of rethrombosis after t-PA-induced thrombolysis. Initial thrombolysis with reflow was achieved with 0.4 mg/kg t-PA, intravenous bolus injection, followed immediately by 0.4 mg/kg t-PA, 30 min infusion, in 40 of 42 dogs (95%) that had an occlusive, 125I-labelled thrombus created in a segment of femoral artery. The 40 dogs in which reperfusion was achieved were randomly sorted into 4 groups of 10 each which then received either saline, t-PA (0.4 mg kg-1 infused over 1 h), low dose heparin (500 U bolus injection then 250 U h-1 for 24 h), or high dose heparin (1,500 U bolus injection then 500 U h-1 for 24 h). Sixty percent (6/10) of the saline treated dogs showed occlusive rethrombosis at 24 h. The incidence of occlusive rethrombosis was 9/10 in the t-PA treated group (p = NS), 3/10 in the low dose heparin treated group (p = NS), and 0/10 in the high dose heparin treated group (p less than 0.01). Two smaller groups consisting of 5 dogs each were treated with either saline or high dose heparin alone (no t-PA). None of the dogs in either group showed thrombolysis with reflow.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Gastrointestinal bleeding in a 15 month old male. A presentation of Munchausen's syndrome by proxy.

Munchausen's syndrome by Proxy is a well-described entity that may not always be immediately considered in a complicated case. We describe this syndrome being portrayed through the guise of gastrointestinal bleeding in a 15 month old male and discuss not only the difficulty involved in solidifying this diagnosis but also the consequences that may occur should this diagnosis not be entertained. Failure to diagnose Munchausen's syndrome by proxy often results from failure to consider the diagnosis. These cases frequently have specific characteristics that allow seasoned clinicians to suspect the diagnosis. Once the diagnosis is considered, it is crucial to take steps to protect not only the index patient but also siblings who not infrequently are also recipients of this life threatening form of child abuse.

Child Abuse↗
PubMed1990

Comparison of the effects of two viscoelastic agents, Healon and Viscoat, on postoperative intraocular pressure after penetrating keratoplasty.

Sixty-two patients undergoing penetrating keratoplasty were randomized to receive Healon (1% sodium hyaluronate) or Viscoat (3% sodium hyaluronate and 4% chondroitin sulfate) as a means of maintaining the anterior chamber during surgery. Neither viscoelastic agent was irrigated from the eye at the end of the procedure. Intraocular pressures (IOPs) were measured at 4, 10, 24, and 72 hours postoperatively. For the Healon group, IOPs were 16.52, 23.50, 28.31, 23.27, and 16.03 mm Hg at baseline and at the four follow-up periods, respectively. For the Viscoat group, they were 19.10, 28.33, 23.48, 18.62, and 16.17 mm Hg at those points, respectively. IOPs were significantly elevated over baseline in the Healon group at 4, 10, and 24 hours, and in the Viscoat group at 4 and 10 hours. There were no statistically significant differences between the Healon and Viscoat groups at 4, 10, and 72 hours. At 24 hours, the Healon group had a mean pressure rise over baseline of 6.5 mm Hg, while the Viscoat group had returned to baseline levels (P = .02). We conclude that both Healon and Viscoat raise postoperative IOPs, but that Healon appears to elevate IOPs for a longer period after surgery than Viscoat.

Adolescent↗