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Biomedical subjects

S Bygdeman

Publications and source records attributed to S Bygdeman.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1994

Stomatococcus mucilaginosus septicemia in two bone marrow transplanted patients.

A 44-year-old man with chronic myeloid leukemia and a 10-year-old boy with adrenoleukodystrophy, both admitted for bone marrow transplantation in December 1992, developed clinical signs of septicemia within 2 weeks after transplantation. Three strains of Stomatococcus mucilaginosus were isolated from blood cultures. These were among the first cases of S. mucilaginosus infection diagnosed at our Laboratory and the first reported from Scandinavia. S. mucilaginosus is part of the endogenous oral flora. Both patients had signs of oral mucositis. All 3 strains were isolated earlier with the Laboratory's present blood culture system, compared with the one in use before spring 1992.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Antimicrobial susceptibility of Neisseria gonorrhoeae in Zaire: high level plasmid-mediated tetracycline resistance in central Africa.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the in vitro antimicrobial susceptibility of gonococcal strains isolated in 1988 among female prostitutes in Kinshasa, Zaire and to characterise strains with high level tetracycline resistance. METHODS: Minimal inhibitory concentrations of 8 antimicrobials were measured by agar dilution technique. Plasmid-profiles and serovars were determined. RESULTS: Two hundred and thirteen strains of Neisseria gonorrhoeae were tested of which 59% were beta-lactamase producers and an additional 21% showed intermediate or chromosomal resistance to penicillin (MIC = 0.5-8 mg/l). Eleven percent of the strains were resistant to the combination sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim (MIC greater than 8 mg/l) and 57% of the isolates showed decreased susceptibility to thiamphenicol (MIC = 1-4 mg/l). All strains were sensitive to spectinomycin, norfloxacin and ceftriaxone and moderately sensitive to kanamycin. Chromosomal resistance to tetracycline was observed in 45% of strains (MIC = 2-8 mg/l). Ten percent were highly resistant to tetracycline (TRNG, MIC = 16-128 mg/l) and were shown to carry a plasmid borne Tet M determinant; such strains were not found in Kinshasa in 1985. TRNG belonged to 4 different serovars, which were also the dominant serovars in non-TRNG. CONCLUSION: These findings illustrate the high frequency of multiresistant gonococci in Zaire and suggest that high level tetracycline resistant strains of N. gonorrhoeae have become endemic in Central Africa.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1990

Syphilis, gonorrhoea and genital chlamydial infection in a Somali village.

A total of 767 sera were collected from 187 men, 200 women and 380 children in a Somali village, Jambaluul. All sera were tested for syphilis serological markers by Venereal Diseases Research Laboratory (VDRL) and Treponema pallidum Haemagglutination Assay (TPHA). Sera positive for both or either of these tests were further analysed for the presence of specific IgM antibodies by Solid Phase Haemadsorption Assay (SPHA). A high and almost equal prevalence of TPHA positivity was found in men and women; 24% and 22.5%, respectively, and IgM antibodies were found in 3% and 4%, respectively. TPHA positivity significantly increased with age. Thus more than half of the villagers at the age of 45 years or more were TPHA positive. One percent of the children were TPHA positive. From all adults aged 15 years and above urogenital specimens were also taken for Chlamydia trachomatis antigen detection with an enzyme-amplified immunoassay (IDEIA) and Neisseria gonorrhoeae culture. Chlamydial genital infection was found in 6% of the men and 18% of the women. All gonococcal cultures were negative.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Assessment of deep venous incompetence: a prospective study comparing duplex scanning with descending phlebography.

In this prospective study duplex scanning was performed in 21 consecutive patients (23 lower extremities) referred for descending phlebography. The grade of deep venous insufficiency (Grades 1-4) was estimated in a blinded fashion with phlebography and duplex technique. Agreement occurred in 15 of 23 lower extremities. Discrepancies were found particularly in patients with minor degrees of reflux. The patients with reflux below the knee according to phlebography were also identified with ultrasonography. The authors found duplex scanning to be accurate method of evaluating deep venous valvular function. With duplex--but not with phlebography--it was also possible to diagnose isolated lower extremity valvular insufficiency.

Female↗
PubMed1990

Important predictors of the outcome of physical training in patients with intermittent claudication.

Hemodynamic and endocrine variables have been unsuccessful to predict improvement in walking distance in patients with intermittent claudication following structured training programs. In the present study we evaluated the predictive value of a number of hemodynamic and endocrine parameters. In addition we included information on cognitive factors such as stress and the belief in the structured training and motivation to participate. Twenty-five elderly subjects were studied. Significant improvement in overall walking distance was achieved. The most important explanatory variables of relative improvement in walking distance were belief in training, initial walking distance and number of smoke years. The results support the belief that cognitive factors are of major importance in predicting functional effects of structured training programs for patients with intermittent claudication.

Aged↗
PubMed1990

Severity and location of venous valvular insufficiency: the importance of distal valve function.

Venous calf pump function was evaluated with special reference to distribution and severity of deep venous reflux at different levels. A combination of ultrasonography, foot volumetry and venous plethysmography was used in 100 consecutive patients, 32 of whom were also studied with phlebography and intravenous pressure measurements. A clear relationship was found between clinical stage of chronic venous insufficiency and number of segments with reflux. Clinically important deep venous insufficiency was found particularly in patients with reflux in the distal posterior tibial veins, even in the presence of competent popliteal valves. The results demonstrated the calf pump to be functionally divided into a series of pumps, with the distal part more important than the proximal. The importance of evaluating venous valvular function at different levels for adequate assessment of venous calf pump function is emphasized.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Influence of storing urogenital specimens at -20 degrees C before testing by enzyme amplified immunoassay (IDEIA) to detect Chlamydia trachomatis antigen.

Urogenital specimens from 445 patients, 174 women and 271 men, were tested for antigen to Chlamydia trachomatis by an enzyme amplified immunoassay, IDEIA. The test results for specimens stored at -20 degrees C for means of 9.6 weeks (from each of the first 376 patients) and eight months (from the remaining 69) were compared with results for specimens stored at 4 degrees C and tested within five days. Of 617 specimens (one from the urethra of each patient and one from the cervices of 172 women) cultured for C trachomatis, 90 (15%) gave positive results. The IDEIA results for specimens stored at -20 degrees C were identical with those of specimens analysed without such storage in 96.4% (595/617) of all cases. No difference was seen between urethral specimens from men or women or cervical specimens or between specimens stored for 9.6 weeks compared with those stored for eight months. In 22 cases in which the IDEIA results differed, culture positive results were missed in stored as well as unstored specimens. The median absorbance value above the cut off point for a positive IDEIA result in stored specimens was no lower than in those not stored. The few differences noted probably depended on the sampling technique rather than on the way of storing the specimens.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

The influence of cervical dilatation by laminaria tent and with Hegar dilators on the intrauterine microflora and the rate of postabortal pelvic inflammatory disease.

In a prospective study, 519 women were randomly selected for cervical dilatation by laminaria tents or Hegar dilators before scheduled vacuum aspiration. In other 68 women randomly divided into a laminaria group and a control (Hegar) group, placenta, decidua and blood were separately aspirated from the uterine cavity before the vacuum aspiration and cultured for micro-organisms. The rate of postabortal inflammatory disease (PID) was significantly lower after pretreatment with laminaria tent irrespective of patient's age and parity. However, a higher risk of postabortal PID was found in gestational age of 10-12 weeks than of 5-9 weeks. Previous PID and abortion did not increase the risk of postabortal PID. Vaginal/cervical micro-organisms were, irrespective of method for cervical dilatation, identified in two thirds of the patients.

Abortion, Induced↗
PubMed1989

Longterm neuroendocrine and metabolic effects of physical training in intermittent claudication.

Twenty-five elderly patients with peripheral vascular disease and intermittent claudication were prospectively followed during a six-month session of physical training. Neuroendocrine and metabolic patterns as well as effects on walking performance were assessed during the training period. At the initial evaluation there was an inverse association between walking distance and serum cortisol and blood glucose levels. The walking distance increased during the training period. A positive effect on glucose homeostatis was seen with decreased basal fructosamine levels after training. During physical exercise a decrease in insulin and an increase in growth hormone was seen. Changes in growth hormone were, in contrast to insulin, more related to the pain level perceived than to the work load imposed. Apart from the marked effects on physical performance the results of the study suggest an improvement of hormonal and metabolic balance after physical training. This regularly applied exercise program improved the health status of rather old people.

Aged↗
PubMed1988

Venous circulation after fasciotomy of the lower leg in man.

The study was performed in order to evaluate the effect of fasciotomy of the lower leg on venous circulation and venous muscle pump function. Twenty patients with unilateral fasciotomy were investigated with photoplethysmography (PPG), strain-gauge plethysmography, foot volumetry and Doppler ultrasound. In the operated legs shorter venous refilling times were registered both with PPG (P less than 0.01) and foot volumetry (P less than 0.05). PPG recordings from different parts of the leg showed regional changes in venous circulation with shorter refilling times only with the transducer placed over the affected muscular compartment. With foot volumetry a reduced expelled volume was found in patients earlier treated with extensive fasciotomies. The results of the study indicate that an intact muscle fascia is of importance for venous return and venous pump function.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Syphilis in women of reproductive age in Mogadishu, Somalia: serological survey.

In Mogadishu, Somalia 223 women of childbearing age, including prostitutes, were tested for serum markers for syphilis by the Venereal Disease Research Laboratory (VDRL) test and the Treponema pallidum haemagglutination assay (TPHA). Sera reactive in either of these tests were tested for IgM antibodies by solid phase haemadsorption assay (SPHA). Three per cent of sera from 67 pregnant women and none of those from 71 educated women gave positive results that were confirmed with the TPHA. In contrast, 58% of sera from 85 prostitutes were confirmed as being positive, 26% of which were SPHA positive, which indicated active syphilis. The proportion of TPHA positive sera increased with age among the prostitutes. As venereal syphilis is highly prevalent in prostitutes in Mogadishu, a strategy of intervention based on screening followed by treatment seems to be indispensable.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Sexually transmitted viral infections in various population groups in Mogadishu, Somalia.

The prevalence of serum antibodies to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), herpes simplex virus (HSV), and cytomegalovirus (CMV) and of hepatitis B virus (HBV) markers was investigated in different population groups, including prostitutes, in Mogadishu, Somalia. Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) was detected in 37% of pregnant women, 4% of neonates, 22% of educated women, and 20% of prostitutes. No significant difference between the groups was observed for HBV. In contrast to figures reported from South East Asia, the prevalence of hepatitis Be antigen (HBeAg) was 18% in prostitutes and only 3% in all other HBsAg positive subjects. The prevalence of antibodies to HSV (100%) and CMV (90%) was very high, but antibodies against HIV were not detected in any of 471 sera. As the routes of transmission for HBV and HIV infections are considered to be similar, HIV will probably spread rapidly in Somalia once this virus has been introduced into the country.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗