Transmission of HTLV III/LAV infection.
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Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
Biomedical subjects
S C Bruins
Publications and source records attributed to S C Bruins.
Comparison of reticulate and elementary body antigens in detection of antibodies against Chlamydia trachomatis by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.
Reticulate bodies from a type C and elementary bodies from a type L2 strain of Chlamydia trachomatis were isolated and used as antigens in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results obtained for human sera with these two antigens used in the ELISA were compared with each other and with results obtained for the same sera by the micro-immunofluorescence test. Negative control populations included cloistered nuns and children with respiratory infections. Populations at risk for chlamydial infection consisted of 42 men with nongonococcal urethritis attending a sexually transmitted diseases clinic and 42 college women who had contact with men with nongonococcal urethritis. ELISAs done with the two antigens were equivalent to each other and to the micro-immunofluorescence test in the ability to predict the presence or absence of infection. None of the tests had high predictive values for the men with urethritis. However, the negative predictive value of both the micro-immunofluorescence test and the elementary body ELISA was 0.92 for the college women. Such serological tests may be of value in screening selected populations for subclinical infections with C. trachomatis.
Adult↗
Laboratory-acquired gonococcal conjunctivitis.
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Adult↗
Left atrial myxoma infected with Histoplasma capsulatum.
A patient is presented in whom a left atrial myxoma was found to be infected with Histoplasma capsulatum. Histoplasmosis has not been previously associated with this tumor, nor has any fungus without preceding bacterial endocarditis and long-term antibiotic therapy. The clinical course in foru previously reported cases of bacterially infected myxoma is reviewed. There have been 18 prior cases of Histoplasma endocarditis and in two the patients have survived. Their clinical presentation and response to therapy are also reviewed, and pertinent therapeutic conclusions drawn. The role of echocardiography in this patient's evaluation and the ultimate successful therapy are discussed.
Amphotericin B↗
Parameters affecting the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay of immunoglobulin G antibody to a rough mutant of Salmonella minnesota.
An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was developed to detect rabbit immunoglobulin G antibodies against purified lipopolysaccharide of the rough Re mutant of Salmonella minnesota. The time necessary for each step was investigated, and this resulted in a test that could be completed in 1 working day. Serial dilutions of rabbit sera drawn throughout immunization with the Re mutant revealed an elimination of the prozone effect upon prolonged immunization. We interpret this to demonstrate an increase in immunoglobulin G affinity for the lipopolysaccharide on prolonged immunization. We propose that the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay prozone effect be investigated for use as a measure of antibody affinity.
Animals↗
Cross-reactive antigens: their potential for immunization-induced immunity to Gram-negative bacteria.
The involvement of multiple species and serologic types in gram-negative bacteremia prompted evaluation of immunization with shared, cross-reactive antigens of gram negative bacilli. Active and passive immunization with Re chemotype mutants of Salmonella minnesota afforded significant protection against heterologous gram-negative bacilli and were considerably more effective than immunization with smooth S. minnesota or its Ra, Rb, Rc, Rd1 and Rd2 mutants. Since the lipopolysaccharide of the Re mutant is composed solely of 2-keto-3-deoxycotonate (KDO) and lipid A, the protective activity of antibody to the Re mutant and lipid A was evaluated. Immunization with Re mutant protected granulocytopenic rabbits against lethal bacteremia and protected mice against lethal challenge with heterologous endotoxins, whereas antibody to lipid A had no protective activity. In concomitant clinical studies, high titers of antibody to the Re mutant at the onset of bacteremia were associated with a significant diminution in the frequency of shock and death, which was independent of any effect of O-specific antibody.
Animals↗
Immunization with R mutants of Salmonella minnesota. II. Comparison of the protective effect of immunization with lipid A and the Re mutant.
The protective effect of active immunization with Salmonella minnesota Re bacilli or lipid A was assessed in the granulocytopenic rabbit model. Animals were immunized with Re bacilli, lipid A, or Pseudomonas aeruginosa as a nonspecific immunogen. After colonization with one of three enterobacterial strains (two Escherichia coli, one Enterobacter aerogenes), the immunized rabbits as well as controls given saline injections were made leukopenic with nitrogen mustard and monitored for fever, bacteremia, and death. Survival rates were significantly greater in Re-immunized animals than in saline controls or P. aeruginosa-immunized animals. Immunization with lipid A afforded no protection. In addition, rabbits immunized with Re mutant bacilli developed bacteremia less frequently than the others, indicating that antibody to Re may inhibit invasion of the intestinal mucosa as well as protect after bacteremia has developed.
Animals↗
Immunization with R mutants of Salmonella minnesota. II. Serological response to lipid A and the lipopolysaccharide of Re mutants.
Rabbits were immunized with Salmonella minnesota Re mutant bacilli or lipid A, and the serological responses were compared. Re lipopolysaccharide and lipid A were found to possess distinct antigenic determinants as measured by hemagglutination, hemolysis, and precipitin techniques. Lipid A preparations from several enterobacterial and non-enterobacterial species were shown to cross-react in agar gel precipitation reactions. In contrast, preparations from bacilli that do not contain glucosamine as an integral part of their lipid A structure did not demonstrate cross-reactivity with enterobacterial lipid A. Antibody to smooth heterologous bacilli present in some antisera prepared against Re bacilli or lipid A was directed specifically against the smooth lipopolysaccharide and not against the Re or lipid A determinants, demonstrating a nonspecific mitogenic response. Precipitation and immunofluorescence tests indicated that the Re determinant was available on smooth bacilli for reactions with specific antisera but that the lipid A determinant was not.
Animals↗
Radioimmunoassay for detection of IgG antibodies against enterobacterial antigens.
The rough mutant of Salmonella minnesota (Re 595) contains several broad reacting antigens including a core LPS common to many aerobic gram-negative bacteria without sugars that confer serotype specificity to most gram-negative bacteria. Therefore, antibodies against this organism can be evoked by a large number of gram-negative bacteria. Using radioimmunoassay methods, sera from 59 patients with bacteremia due to enterobacteriaceae had higher concentrations of IgG antibodies against the rough mutant of Salmonella minnesota (Re 595) than control subjects. There was a significant correlation between concentrations of antibodies against Salmonella minnesota and concentrations of antibodies against a single strain of E coli. Sera from patients with bacteremia due to E coli or Klebsiella were tested against one strain of E coli and one strain of Klebsiella. The concentrations of antibodies against the homologous antigen were not higher than the concentrations of antibodies against the heterologous antigen. Sera from patients infected with S aureus or Pseudomonas aeruginosa did not have high concentrations of antibodies against S minnesota. Antibodies against common antigen(s) in Salmonella minnesota (Re 595) are useful in diagnosis of enterobacterial infections.
Antigens, Bacterial↗