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Biomedical subjects

S C Gilman

Publications and source records attributed to S C Gilman.

83 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1981

A noninvasive technique for monitoring blood urea in humans during hyperbaric exposure.

A significant increase was found in parotid gland urea excretion in nine U.S. Navy divers during 8 d of air saturation hyperbaric exposure. The parotid urea levels correlated positively and reflected changes in blood concentrations. Considering the simplicity and ease of parotid sampling, it is suggested that this method be used for monitoring blood urea levels in humans during hyperbaric exposure.

Atmosphere Exposure Chambers↗
PubMed1980

Reaction patterns of herpes simplex virus type 1 and type 2 proteins with sera of patients with uterine cervical carcinoma and matched controls.

Serum from 105 individuals with diagnosed uterine cervical cancer and 231 matched controls were examined for their ability to react with a large number of herpes simplex virus type 1 or type 2 (HSV-1, HSV-2) proteins. Radiolabeled HSV-1 or HSV-2 proteins were mixed with test serum and immune complexes were isolated with staphylococcal protein A. Viral proteins in the immune complexes were resolved by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and visualized by fluorography. When the frequency of precipitation for cancer and control serum was calculated for each HSV-1 and HSV-2 protein, the results demonstrated that four HSV-1 and 11 HSV-2 proteins were precipitated more frequently by cases than by controls (p less than or equal to 0.05). However, since these results could be influenced by the presence or absence of HSV-2 specific antibodies as well as social, economic, and sexual history, the data were grouped and analyzed according to these parameters. This enabled all significant differences between case and control sera in the precipitation of HSV-1 or HSV-2 proteins to be abolished except for two HSV-2 proteins with molecular weights of 38,000 and 118,000. These two proteins appear to be tumor associated and not merely covariables of past infection or risk factors alone.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Human parotid alpha-amylase secretion as a function of chronic hyperbaric exposure.

Secretion of alpha-amylase by the human parotid gland increased significantly during eight days of hyperbaric exposure. This hyperactivity of the parotid gland presumably resulted from increased autonomic nervous system (ANS) activity attributable to (1)psychological stress in the form of anticipation; (2) dive-related factors, i.e., hyperoxia, PN2, physical stress; or (3) a combination of both. The etiology of the effect must await additional studies, but a consistent and significant elevation in alpha-amylas secretion was found. This previously undescribed effect of hyperbaric exposure indicates that parotid alpha-amylase sampling holds promise as a noninvasive means of monitoring physical and psychological stress, and as an indirect measure of ANS tone.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Changes in serum ferritin and other factors associated with iron metabolism during chronic hyperbaric exposure.

Factors related to iron metabolism were determined in 20 United States Navy divers during 8 d of air saturation-excursion hyperbaric exposures. During these simulated dives progressive and correlated increases in serum ferritin and iron occurred. No significant changes were observed in bilirubin, hemoglobin, ceruloplasmin, transferrin, copper, or total iron binding capacity. The significance of the increased serum ferritin is discussed in relation to bone marrow damage and early detection of aseptic bone necrosis.

Air Pressure↗
PubMed1979

A comparison of absentee rates of elementary schoolchildren with asthma and nonasthmatic schoolmates.

Daily school attendance has been suggested as a health status measure for children. The present study compares school absence in children known to have asthma (N = 95) with a random sample of nonasthmatic elementary schoolchildren (N = 711). The differences in average percentage of days absent over one year were analyzed by comparing both groups' conditioning on ethnicity, sex, socioeconomic status, and grade. Children with asthma have a significantly higher absentee rate (absent 8.4% of days) than do nonasthmatic children (absent 5.9% of days) (P less than 9001). This significant difference holds true regardless of ethnicity of sex and for most socioeconomic groups. A comparison by grade level shows a similar trend for children with asthma and nonasthmatic children: absentee rates decrease as children get older; however, except for one grade level, children with asthma have a greater percentage of school days absent. Mean absentee rates for children with asthma were different when compared according to their mother's perception of severity of asthma--mild (6.9%), moderate (7.9%), and severe (13.9%).

Absenteeism↗
PubMed1978

Effect of long-term hyperbaric stress on ammonia metabolism in humans.

A significant increase in blood urea was found in 11 U.S. Navy divers during 8 d of air saturation hyperbaric exposure. Similar increases in blood urea have been found in animals that convulsed during hyperbaric oxygen exposure. Therefore, it is suggested that careful attention be given to blood ammonia and urea levels in humans during long-term hyperbaric exposure.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Detection of antibodies specific for herpes simplex virus in human sera by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.

An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used for the detection in human sera of antibody to herpes simplex virus antigens. Development and standardization of the assay suggested that antigenic purity, temperature of reactions, concentration of enzyme-conjugated antiglobulin, and concentrations of test sera are all critical parameters of a successful ELISA procedure. When ELISA titers of 30 human sera were compared to micro-complement fixation titers of the same sera, a significant degree of correlation was observed, but quantitatively ELISA was found to be up to 200 times more sensitive. The sensitivity of the assay and its adaptability to automation should provide an additional method for study or diagnosis of infection with herpes simplex virus.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

The effect of diethyldithiocarbamate on passive avoidance learning by chicks (Gallus domesticus).

Diethyldithiocarbamate (DDC), a competitive inhibitor of dopamine-B-hydroxylase, produced a dosage-related depletion of neural NE and impairment of passive avoidance learning in young chicks. Retention was not impaired, however, as shown by normal relearning of the task a day later, when the drug was no longer active. Perhaps, neural NE depletion impairs ability to inhibit responding and, thus, impairs passive or inhibitory avoidance learning indirectly. Alternatively, NE depletion may slow down learning by interfering with consolidation, but if the task is well learned, it is remembered.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Diffusion of laparoscopic cholecystectomy in the Veterans Affairs health care system, 1991-1995.

CONTEXT: Laparoscopic cholecystectomy has become the most widely used treatment for gallbladder disease. In HMO, Medicare, and fee-for-service settings, cholecystectomy rates increased 28% to 59% after introduction of laparoscopic cholecystectomy. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the impact of the introduction of laparoscopic cholecystectomy on cholecystectomy rates and the operative mortality rate in Veterans Affairs (VA) hospitals. DESIGN: Sequential cross-sectional study. PATIENTS: All patients who underwent cholecystectomy from 1991 (before introduction of laparoscopic cholecystectomy) to 1995. SETTING: 133 VA hospitals. OUTCOME MEASURES: Cholecystectomy rates, use of laparoscopic or open cholecystectomy, and operative mortality rate. RESULTS: The annual number of cholecystectomies in the VA system increased by 10% from 1991 to 1995; the laparoscopic procedure accounted for 25% of the caseload in 1992 and 52% in 1995. Compared with patients having laparoscopic cholecystectomy, those having open cholecystectomy were more likely to be older, be male, and have acute cholecystitis or comorbid illnesses (P < 0.001). The operative mortality rate of open cholecystectomy increased by 46% during this 4-year period (from 2.4% to 3.4%) and was constant for laparoscopic cholecystectomy (about 0.5%). Given the increasing use of the laparoscopic procedure, however, the overall mortality rate of cholecystectomy during surgery decreased by 22% (from 2.4% to 1.8%). Despite increased use of the surgery, the absolute number of deaths decreased by 9%. CONCLUSIONS: The introduction of laparoscopic cholecystectomy in the VA system was not accompanied by a large increase in cholecystectomy rates, as it was in fee-for-service, Medicare, and HMO systems. Because the rate of operations has changed only slightly, the total number of cholecystectomy-related deaths has decreased.

Cholecystectomy, Laparoscopic↗