Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to S C Goel.
Fifty patients of bone and joint tuberculosis (age 15-70 years) and 30 healthy controls were studied for levels of immunoglobulin G (IgG), immunoglobulin A (IgA), immunoglobulin M (IgM), T cells and circulating immune complexes (CICs) in different stages of disease. Levels of IgG, IgA, IgM, T cells and CICs were significantly raised in fresh and healed tuberculosis patients, compared to control.
Based on experiments on fresh cadaveric and accidentally amputated 8 upper limbs of children, study of ulnae for presence and absence of non articular strip on the trochlear notch, measurements of carrying angle, length of forearm bones, pronation-supination, height and weight in 2250 infants, children and adults of various age groups and clinical observations on 800 cases of injuries around elbow many new facts have been observed about the development of the carrying angle and its significance in the etiopathogenesis of various types of fractures seen around the elbow. The carrying angle develops in response to pronation of the forearm and is dependent on length of the forearm bones. Lesser the length of forearm bones greater is the carrying angle. So the carrying angle is more in shorter persons as compared to taller persons. It is abduction at the shoulder and not the carrying angle which keeps the swinging upper limbs away from the side of the pelvis during walking. Carrying angle is not a secondary sex character. The type of fracture a child sustains after fall on outstretched hand is also determined by the value of the carrying angle. A new type of fracture hitherto undescribed in the literature, T-Y fracture of the distal humeral epiphysis is also reported.
One hundred four Rheumatoid factor (RF) positive Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) patients fulfilling ARA criteria were screened for extraarticular manifestations. Rheumatoid nodules were present in 2.8% cases. Other extraarticular manifestations such as pulmonary, cardiac, occular, renal or GI involvement were absent in these cases. However, circulating immune complexes (CICs) were highly significantly raised in all the RA patients (P < 0.001). From amongst these cases a limited number (8 cases) have been subjected to qualitative and quantitative analysis of CICs to look for whether there could be any relationship between these and mild extraarticular manifestations that were being noticed in our groups of patients. Finding showed IgG-IgG CICs in five, IgG-IgM in two and IgG-IgA in one case. Quantitative analysis revealed mean IgG 4.97 +/- 1.7 IU/ml, IgM 14.58 +/- 5.53 IU/ml and IgA 5.08 +/- 1.53 IU/ml on LD Solugen plates. Serum concentration of C3 was not reduced (94.1 +/- 8.9 mg/dl). Low IgM contents of CICs and no reduction in complement level is the likely explanation for less severe inflammatory manifestations seen in our study. The conclusion and findings have been discussed in the light of observation reported by the Western workers.
31 patients of recurrent anterior dislocation of shoulder treated by anterior glenoplasty using allogenic decalbone had good results. It is proposed that generalised congenital or developmental disorder may be an important etiological factor in pathogenesis of recurrence of the dislocation.
Forty-six cases of benign cystic lesions of bone were treated by curettage and compact filling using partially decalcified allogenic bone graft (Decalbone); of these, 35 were available for study. Decalbone was prepared by partial decalcification with 0.6 N hydrochloric acid (HCl) of human bones generally obtained from freshly amputated limbs. The commonest lesions of bone were giant cell tumours (14) and aneurysmal bone cysts (15), and the commonest bones involved were the femur (23) and the tibia (12). There was one failure and four recurrences. Five cases were infected but this did not interfere with healing of the primary lesion. Radiological incorporation of the graft was seen at about 3 months in unicameral bone cysts, at 4-6 months in aneurysmal bone cysts and at 6-9 months in giant cell tumours. There was no recurrence in any case of giant cell tumour, but three aneurysmal bone cysts recurred. There was no clinical immune reaction.
In a prospective study from January 1985 to December 1987, 60 consecutive patients with isolated fractures of the shaft of the ulna were divided into two groups. In group I, 28 patients were treated with plaster-of-Paris cast splintage, while in group II, 32 patients were given an elastic crêpe bandage support and were mobilized early. Average time to union in group I was 10.8 weeks while in group II it was 7.8 weeks. Two fractures in group I did not unite, whereas there was no case of non-union in group II. Isolated fractures of the ulna can be treated successfully with minimal support and early mobilization.
'Decalbone' was prepared by partial decalcification of human bones obtained from recently amputated specimens. It was then stored in 80 to 90% ethanol in a domestic refrigerator. The decalbone was used to fill large osteoperiosteal gaps in 25 patients. The commonest lesion was a giant cell tumour (21 cases) and various long bones were affected. There were 6 failures with recurrence of the tumour in 3 and uncontrolled infection in 3. The remaining 19 cases were followed up for from 2 1/2 to 7 years. In 10 the decalbone incorporated well, but further reconstructive procedures were needed in 9. Our studies showed that incorporation began at around 6 to 9 months and was complete at about 2 years in the upper limb and 4 years in the lower limb. There was no clinical evidence of an immune response.
An experimental study was undertaken to evaluate the suitability or otherwise of carbon fibre reinforced epoxy (CFRE) implants for bridging large osteoperiosteal gaps, devoid of periosteum. Using the basic principles of composite mechanics and simple design criteria, CFRE implants were designed and developed. These implants were put in simulated osteoperiosteal gaps in the ulna of healthy mature rabbits. Ten wk postoperative results clearly demonstrated that implants made of CFRE induced callus bone formation (in the form of woven bone) which totally encapsulated the implant thereby providing reunion of the two bone segments. Further follow-up showed formation of lamellar bones and formation in the pores of the implant. Radiological and scanning electron microscopical evidence is presented.
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The Sephadex G-200 gel filtration fractions C1 to C6 of the water-soluble lens proteins of Calotes versicolor have been characterized by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE), 7 M urea PAGE, SDS PAGE, and immunological tests. C1 fraction, an alpha-crystallin which cross-reacts with chick alpha, has very low amount of B chains. It shows two bands in SDS PAGE, one strong and another weak. C2 and C3 fractions, both of which partially cross-react with chick beta-crystallins, are largely similar but not identical. C2 in SDS PAGE produces a faint band with a molecular weight of 54,500, which suggests that C2 may either contain a small amount of delta-crystallin in addition to beta H crystallin or that Calotes beta H has a high molecular weight subunit like human beta H; however, in immunological tests no material cross-reacting with chick delta was seen. C4 and C5 are low molecular weight, monomeric, and basic proteins which in all probability are not gamma-crystallins.
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Experiments show that osmotic gradient has a role in the absorption of water by the semi-cleidoic egg of Calotes versicolor. The observations also indicate that in nature the eggs need to be laid in water-saturated soil and can easily withstand flooding but not dryness.