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Biomedical subjects

S C Gupta

Publications and source records attributed to S C Gupta.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2006

Genotyping of beta-lactoglobulin gene by PCR-RFLP in Sahiwal and Tharparkar cattle breeds.

BACKGROUND: Improvement of efficiency and economic returns is an important goal in dairy farming, as in any agricultural enterprise. The primary goal of dairy industry has been to identify an efficient and economical way of increasing milk production and its constituents without increasing the size of the dairy herd. Selection of animals with desirable genotypes and mating them to produce the next generation has been the basis of livestock improvement and this would continue to remain the same in the coming years. The use of polymorphic genes as detectable molecular markers is a promising alternative to the current methods of trait selection once these genes are proven to be associated with traits of interest in animals. The point mutations in exon IV of bovine beta-Lactoglobulin gene determine two allelic variants A and B. These variants were distinguished by Polymerase Chain Reaction and Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) analysis in two indigenous Bos indicus breeds viz. Sahiwal and Tharparkar cattle. DNA samples (228 in Sahiwal and 86 in Tharparkar) were analyzed for allelic variants of beta-Lactoglobulin gene. Polymorphism was detected by digestion of PCR amplified products with Hae III enzyme, and separation on 12% non-denaturing gels and resolved by silver staining. RESULTS: The allele B of beta-Lactoglobulin occurred at a higher frequency than the allele A in both Sahiwal and Tharparkar breeds. The genotypic frequencies of AA, AB, and BB in Sahiwal and Tharparkar breeds were 0.031, 0.276, 0.693 and 0.023, 0.733, 0.244 respectively. Frequencies of A and B alleles were 0.17 and 0.83, and 0.39 and 0.61 in Sahiwal and Tharparkar breeds respectively. The Chi-square test results (at one degree of freedom at one per cent level) revealed that the Tharparkar population was not in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium as there was a continuous migration of animals in the herd studied, where as, the results are not significant for the Sahiwal population. CONCLUSION: Genotype frequencies of AA were the lowest compared to that of BB genotype in Sahiwal cattle while AB genotypes were more frequent in Tharparkar cattle. The frequency of A allele was found to be lower than that of B allele in both the breeds studied. These results further confirm that Bos indicus cattle are predominantly of beta-Lactoglobulin B type than Bos taurus breeds.

Alleles↗
PubMed2006

Immuno-diagnosis of bubaline fasciolosis with Fasciola gigantica cathepsin-L and recombinant cathepsin L 1-D proteases.

Fasciola gigantica cathepsin-L cysteine proteinase and recombinant cathepsin L 1-D were assessed for their potential in the immuno-diagnosis of F. gigantica infection in buffaloes. A diagnostic ELISA, based on these two antigens, was developed to detect antibodies against F. gigantica in water buffaloes. Sensitivity of the ELISA was assessed using sera from buffaloes experimentally or naturally infected with F. gigantica from F. gigantica endemic areas and its specificity by probing the sera of the host from F. gigantica non-endemic area. Our earlier studies under experimental setting showed 100% sensitivity of cathepsin-L ELISA in the diagnosis of fasciolosis in buffaloes, with the earliest detection of infection at 4 weeks post-infection. However, under field situation of natural F. gigantica infection, this sensitivity declined to 97.1% but specificity of the test remained 100%. Cross-reactivity of the antigen was checked with Schistosoma indicum, S. spindale, Paramphistomum epiclitum, Gastrothylax spp., Gigantocotyle explanatum, hydatid and Strongyloides papilossus in the bubaline host, naturally infected with these helminths. F. gigantica cathepsin-L and the recombinant cathepsin L-1D does not cross-react with these helminth parasites in natural mono or mixed infection of the host. The present ELISA contributes a relatively sensitive and reliable tool for the early serodiagnosis of bubaline fasciolosis.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed2006

Prepatent detection of Fasciola gigantica infection in bovine calves using metacercarial antigen.

Metacercarial antigen of Fasciola gigantica was evaluated for early immunodiagnosis of experimental bovine fasciolosis using ELISA and Western blot. In ELISA, the experimental F. gigantica infection was detected as early as 2 weeks post-infection (WPI). The gradual increasing trend of antibody level was observed from 2 to 7 WPI, followed by a plateau, which was maintained up to 14 WPI. In Western blot, sera from experimentally infected calves recognized one distinct polypeptide of 21 kDa in fractionated metacercarial antigen as early as 10th day post infection. From 2 WPI, more polypeptide bands were reacting. Recognition of these protein bands persisted till the end of the experiment (14 WPI). Cattle sera collected from the field showed 34.5% seroprevalence of fasciolosis by ELISA using MAg. Comparative immunoblot studies of metacercarial antigen with anti-Gigantocotyle explanatum and anti-Paramphistomum epiclitum sera revealed that 21 and 25 kDa polypeptides of metacercarial antigen did not cross-react with any of these sera and appear to be unique to F. gigantica and having the desirable qualities of early and specific immunodiagnosis.

Animals↗
PubMed2005

Antibiotic uptake by plants from soil fertilized with animal manure.

Antibiotics are commonly added to animal feed as supplements to promote growth of food animals. However, absorption of antibiotics in the animal gut is not complete and as a result substantial amounts of antibiotics are excreted in urine and feces that end up in manure. Manure is used worldwide not only as a source of plant nutrients but also as a source of organic matter to improve soil quality especially in organic and sustainable agriculture. Greenhouse studies were conducted to determine whether or not plants grown in manure-applied soil absorb antibiotics present in manure. The test crops were corn (Zea mays L.), green onion (Allium cepa L.), and cabbage (Brassica oleracea L. Capitata group). All three crops absorbed chlortetracycline but not tylosin. The concentrations of chlortetracycline in plant tissues were small (2-17 ng g(-1) fresh weight), but these concentrations increased with increasing amount of antibiotics present in the manure. This study points out the potential human health risks associated with consumption of fresh vegetables grown in soil amended with antibiotic laden manures. The risks may be higher for people who are allergic to antibiotics and there is also the possibility of enhanced antimicrobial resistance as a result of human consumption of these vegetables.

Adsorption↗
PubMed2005

Characterization of specific and cross-reacting antigens of Fasciola gigantica by immunoblotting.

Somatic antigens of F. gigantica, G. explanatum, S. spindale and hydatid cyst ingredients were analysed to identify the cross-reactive antigens among them using Western blot technique. When probed with F. gigantica infected cattle sera, the immunodominant 156 kDa and 28 kDa proteins of F. gigantica was found common amongst the antigens prepared from hydatid cysts ingredients like germinal layer, fertile and sterile, hydatid fluid, fertile and sterile, while another protein of 34 kDa was shared between F. gigantica and antigen prepared from protoscolices. In F. gigantica-buffalo system the proteins of 34 kDa and 28 kDa were found reactive with most of the antigens tested. Immunoaffinity chromatography using, F. gigantica infected rabbit immunoglobulins as legands isolated the immunodominant 34 kDa and 28 kDa proteins in dimer form and the same were found immunodominant in F. gigantica-cattle, F. gigantica-buffalo and F. gigantica-sheep system. No cross-reaction was noted with the sera of goats experimentally infected with Paramphistomum epiclitum. ELISA with the immunodominant proteins of 34 kDa and 28 kDa could be a feasible diagnostic tool for the early detection of bovine fasciolosis.

Animals↗
PubMed2005

Phosphorus leaching at cold temperatures as affected by wastewater application and soil phosphorus levels.

Land application of wastewater in the northern-tier United States during winter months has been suggested as a means to reduce cost of building storage lagoons. A study was initiated in 1996 to assess land application of potato-processing wastewater on a 120-ha field at Park Rapids, MN. One objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of soil P levels and temperature on P leaching in soil columns. In this paper, we report the P sorption, desorption, and leaching characteristics of a high-P (>200 mg kg(-1)) and a low-P (<25 mg kg(-1)) surface soil from the wastewater irrigation site. The leaching experiment was done with wastewater at 4 +/- 2 or 10 +/- 2 degrees C. The high-P soil resulted in an equilibrium P concentration of 8.0 mg L(-1) compared with 0.14 mg L(-1) for the low-P soil. When low-P wastewater was applied to the high-P soil, the soil acted as a P source, and the total phosphorus (TP) concentration in the leachate was 3.5 times higher than the input TP concentration (C0). When high-P wastewater was applied to the high-P soil, the soil acted as a P sink retarding the TP concentration in the leachate by 80%. Phosphorus desorption was higher at 10 degrees C compared with 4 degrees C. The results showed that depending on P levels of the soil and the wastewater, reduction or increase in leachate P will occur below the surface soil. However, further mobility of this P under field conditions will depend on the volume and rate of percolating water as well as the sorption-desorption characteristics of the subsoil.

Adsorption↗
PubMed2005

27 kDa Fasciola gigantica glycoprotein for the diagnosis of prepatent fasciolosis in cattle.

An indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using 27 kDa glycoprotein of Fasciola gigantica has been evaluated for its potential use in the diagnosis of bovine fasciolosis. Following experimental infection of rabbits, F. gigantica infection-induced antibodies were isolated and later used as ligands in affinity chromatography for isolation of infection-induced antibody-specific proteins. Among the five infection-specific proteins isolated, a glycoprotein of 27 kDa was later isolated by second-step purification using concanavalin A matrix. In crossbred cattle receiving different doses of infection (100, 200 and 400 metacercariae), the anti-27 kDa antibodies were detected as early as the 2nd week post infection. No direct correlation between initial dose, antibody response and fluke establishment was recorded. No cross-reaction was noted with the sera of goats experimentally infected with Paramphistomum epiclitum. ELISA with the 27 kDa glycoprotein could be a feasible diagnostic tool for the early detection of bovine fasciolosis.

Animals↗
PubMed2005

Comparative diagnostic potentiality of ELISA and dot-ELISA in prepatent diagnosis of experimental Fasciola gigantica infection in cattle.

A glycoprotein (27 kDa) was isolated from crude somatic antigen of Fasciola gigantica by two steps affinity chromatography and was used in early detection of experimental fasciolosis in cattle by indirect ELISA and in dot-ELISA formats. Although, anti-27 kDa antibodies could be detected after 3 weeks post infection (WPI) by dot - ELISA which was one week later than indirect ELISA. The test, dot-ELISA, was more convenient in field application. By the test (dot-ELISA) the infection could be equally detected in animals infected with 100, 200 and 300 metacercariae of F. gigantica with high sensitivity. Further, the antigen (27 kDa) was not found to react with goat sera infected with Paramphistomum epiclitum, which are giving strong reaction to homologous immature and mature fluke antigens of P. epiclitum.

Animals↗
PubMed2005

Pre and post-treatment histopathological changes in atrophic rhinitis.

Atrophic rhinitis is a chronic debilitating nasal mucosal disease of unknown etiology. It is characterized by progressive nasal mucosal atrophy, crusting, fetor and enlargement of the nasal space with paradoxical congestion. The disease induces bilateral nasal obstruction and a persistent foul odour of which the patient and by-standers are painfully aware. Primary atrophic rhinitis has decreased markedly in incidence in the last century. However the prevalence still remains high in developing countries like India. Histopathological features allow this entity to be distinguished from chronic non-specific hypertrophic rhinitis, which may have a cell-mediated immune basis underlying its pathogenesis. Histopathological examination of primary atrophic rhinitis was performed on biopsy material from 30 patients. Mucosal atrophy, squamous metaplasia, and chronic inflammatory cell infiltrate were found to characterize this disease.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

Endoscopic dacryocystorhinostomy in cases of dacryocystitis due to atrophic rhinitis.

Atrophic rhinitis is a chronic inflammatory disease of the nose, which is more common in India. Chronic dacryocystitis is its rare complication. The authors found four cases of chronic dacryocystitis from March 2002 to October 2003 due to atrophic rhinitis. It was diagnosed clinically by the regurgitation test and lacrimal syringing. These cases were treated conservatively for a period of six weeks to make the nasal mucosa healthier and were then subjected to endoscopic dacryocystorhinostomy (end-DCR) under local anaesthesia. The procedure was found to be more difficult due to bleeding and the healing time was prolonged as compared to other cases of end-DCR. After one to one and half years of follow-up the primary success rate was 75 per cent but after revision surgery in one case, all cases were successful. Hence it was concluded that atrophic rhinitis is no more a contraindication for end-DCR. However, meticulous initial preparation and post-operative follow-up is necessary to improve the result.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2003

3,3'-[o-Phenylenebis(methyleneoxy)]bis(6-chloroflavone) and 3,3'-propylenedioxybis[6-chloro-2-(2-furyl)-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one].

The title compound 3,3'-[o-phenylenebis(methyleneoxy)]bis(6-chloroflavone), C(38)H(24)Cl(2)O(6), (I), crystallizes in the monoclinic space group C2/c, with the molecules lying across twofold rotation axes so that there is half a molecule in the asymmetric unit, while the other title compound, 3,3'-propylenedioxybis[6-chloro-2-(2-furyl)-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one], C(29)H(18)Cl(2)O(8), (II), crystallizes in monoclinic space group P2(1)/n with one molecule in the asymmetric unit. In both compounds, the benzopyran moiety is nearly planar, with dihedral angles between the two fused rings of 1.43 (8) degrees in (I), and 2.54 (7) and 3.00 (6) degrees with respect to the benzopyran moieties in the two halves of (II). The furan rings are twisted by 8.3 (1) and 8.4 (1) degrees in the two halves of (II). In both compounds, the molecular structure is stabilized by intramolecular C-H.O hydrogen bonds, while the crystal packing is stabilized by C-H.Cl and C-H.O intermolecular hydrogen bonds in (I) and (II), respectively.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2003

Comparative study of the underlay and overlay techniques of myringoplasty in large and subtotal perforations of the tympanic membrane.

Myringoplasty is an established procedure. However, the quest is on to improve the results further by studying the different influencing factors, that could possibly affect the outcome. In the present randomized prospective study of one year's duration, 60 patients having dry, large and subtotal perforations of the tympanic membrane were subjected to myringoplasty, 30 by the overlay technique and 30 by the underlay technique keeping all other influencing factors constant. The graft take-up rate was found to be the same (93.3 per cent) in both techniques but the underlay technique was judged to be better because of its technical ease, better assessment of ossicular chain integrity and mobility, less time consumption (55 minutes vs 90 minutes), earlier healing of graft (four to six weeks vs six to eight weeks), hearing gain in more patients (92.8 per cent vs 57.1 per cent) and fewer minor complications (6.6 per cent vs 33.3 per cent).

Adolescent↗
PubMed2003

Pleomorphic lipoma of the tonsillar fossa--a case report.

Pleomorphic lipoma is a benign adipocytic tumor, commonly located in the shoulder and posterior neck region. The presence of bizarre, hyperchromatic stromal cells along with multinucleated giant cells often poses difficulty in diagnosis, especially when it arises at an unusual site like tonsillar fossa.

Adipocytes↗
PubMed2002

Role of macropore continuity and tortuosity on solute transport in soils: 2. Interactions with model assumptions for macropore description.

The impact of macropore description on solute transport predictions in soils is not well understood. A 2-D Galerkin finite element model was used to compare different approaches for describing macropore flow in soil. The approaches were: a modification of the hydraulic conductivity function (Hydraulic function), the lumping of all macropores into one single straight macropore (Lumping), the use of an exchange factor between microporosities and macroporosities that occupy the same area (Dual porosity), and a detailed description of each macropore (Full description, base case). Simulated breakthrough curves were obtained with domains that contained one or more macropores of different shapes under both steady state and transient flow conditions. The Hydraulic function approach was not sensitive to macropore continuity and tortuosity. When the macropores were open at the soil surface and the solute was surface applied, the first three approaches underestimated both breakthrough curves and solute distribution in the profile compared to the Full description approach. When the solute was initially incorporated in the soil, the first three approaches overestimated the breakthrough curves compared to the Full description approach. The first three approaches also underestimated the heterogeneity of solute distribution in the profile compared to the Full description approach, mostly when the macropores were tortuous. The differences between predicted breakthrough curves with different approaches decreased with an increase in tortuosity and a decrease in surface continuity. To simplify macropore description, the Dual porosity approach was the better of the first three approaches for predicting breakthrough curves provided the exchange factor between macropores and matrix porosity was available.

Diffusion↗
PubMed2002

Role of macropore continuity and tortuosity on solute transport in soils: 1. Effects of initial and boundary conditions.

Models developed for solute transport vary in their assumptions on macropore continuity and tortuosity. It is unclear how much simplification can be made in computer models to characterize macropore effects on water and solute transport through soils. The objectives of this study were to assess how the importance of macropore continuity and tortuosity varies (1) with various initial and boundary conditions (this paper) and (2) with simplifying model assumptions for macropore description (companion paper). The above assessments were made with a computer model based on 2-D Galerkin finite element solution of Richards' equation for water flow and convective-dispersive equation for solute transport. The model can simultaneously handle macropores of varying length, size, shape, and continuity. Model predictions were in agreement with laboratory data for different macropore shapes and continuities under transient flow conditions. Simulations for various initial and boundary conditions showed that surface connected macropores under ponded conditions and under high intensity rainfalls favored the rapid transport of solutes. However, solute transport was delayed if the solute was initially incorporated in the soil even when macropores were connected to the soil surface. Macropores not connected to the soil surface only slightly accelerated solute transport for any boundary conditions. Macropore tortuosity did not influence breakthrough curves as much as the continuity but greatly influenced solute distribution in the profile. The importance of macropore continuity and tortuosity on preferential transport increased with an increase in solute retardation. General guidelines for simplifying continuity and tortuosity for modeling solute transport are presented for various initial and boundary conditions.

Benzenesulfonates↗
PubMed2001

Hydro-chemistry of Udaipur lakes.

The hydro-chemical character of lakes around Udaipur city has been studied for a period of five years. But for the lake Udaisagar, the salinity of water in lakes Badi, Fatehsagar, Pichhola and Swaroopsagar is less than 750 microSiemens per centimeter and fluctuates marginally in dry and wet period. The waters are Ca-Mg-HCO3 type and have calcite saturation. All the lakes have shown dissolved oxygen more than 8.0 mg/L despite of varying level of pollution. The lake Udaisagar is most polluted and exhibits eutrophic character along with the lakes Swaroopsagar and Pichhola.

Cities↗
PubMed2000

A topographic study of Helicobacter pylori density, distribution and associated gastritis.

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: The topographic distribution and density of Helicobacter pylori and associated gastritis in the stomach were studied in order to determine which biopsy sites are likely to provide the maximum yield so as to reduce the fallacious results due to sampling error. METHODS: Fifty patients with upper gastrointestinal symptoms were studied. Eleven gastric biopsies from predetermined sites were obtained and subjected to ultra-rapid urease test, imprint cytology and histology. Haematoxylin and eosin stain was used for defining gastritis and other associated histopathological details. Loeffler's methylene blue stain was used to confirm the presence of H. pylori in imprint smears and histological sections. RESULTS: All 50 patients had H. pylori infection and evidence of chronic gastritis at one or more of the 11 biopsy sites. Maximum and minimum percentage positivity were observed at A3 (antral lesser curvature) and B4 (corpus greater curvature), respectively. Various sites in decreasing order of percentage positivity were A3 > A2 > A1 > A4 > B3 > B1 > A5 > B6 > B5 > B2 > B4. Among the biopsies obtained from the corpus, B3 (corpus lesser curvature) was the site with maximum positivity. A3 and B4 had a statistically significant difference in percentage positivity (P < 0.0001) for H. pylori and gastritis. The maximum and minimum density scores of H. pylori and gastritis were found in A3 and the B4, respectively. A3 had a significantly higher (P < 0.0001) mean density score than any other site in the stomach. The difference in the grading of H. pylori between A3 and B3 (sites of maximum positivity in antrum and corpus) was statistically significant (P < 0.0001). A statistically significant (P < 0.001) positive correlation between increasing grades of H. pylori and gastritis was observed at the site of maximum density. Eighty per cent of the patients had antral predominant gastritis and in 82%, H. pylori was predominantly observed in antral biopsies. CONCLUSION: It is concluded that two biopsies taken from A3 are sufficient for confirmation of presence of H. pylori and associated gastritis for initiation of treatment. However, additional biopsies from B3 will help in deciding the topographic pattern of gastritis.

Adult↗