PubMed Health⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

S C Haskins

Publications and source records attributed to S C Haskins.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

Cardiovascular changes in dogs given diazepam and diazepam-ketamine.

The cardiopulmonary consequences of diazepam (0.5 mg/kg, IV) followed by ketamine (10 mg/kg, IV) were evaluated in 11 dogs. Diazepam did not exhibit a tranquilizing effect and was frequently associated with excessive excitement. It produced minimal cardiopulmonary effects, except for a significant increase in heart rate. Ketamine administration was associated with less cardiovascular stimulation when administered after diazepam than it did when administered alone; the respiratory depression was greater. Compared with ketamine alone, the diazepam-ketamine combination was associated with more vomition, less muscle hypertonus, less seizure activity, and less salivation.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Effects of small and large face masks and translaryngeal and tracheostomy intubation on ventilation, upper-airway dead space, and arterial blood gases.

Pulmonary function was examined in pentobarbital-anesthetized dogs that were spontaneously breathing through a large poorly fitted face mask, a small snug-fitted face mask, an endotracheal tube, and a tracheostomy tube. Increasing upper-airway dead space volumes were associated with higher minute ventilation and faster breathing rates. Minute and tidal alveolar ventilation, calculated ideal alveolar oxygen, alveolar-arterial oxygen gradient, venous admixture, arterial pH and blood gases, cardiac output, and systemic and pulmonary arterial blood pressure were not changed. The functional dead space of each mask was considerably less than that measured by water displacement. The small mask only slightly increased, and the endotracheal tube slightly decreased, the dead space estimated for a nasally breathing healthy dog.

Anesthesia, General↗
PubMed1986

Cardiopulmonary effects of acepromazine and of the subsequent administration of ketamine in the dog.

Cardiopulmonary consequences of acepromazine (0.2 mg/kg of body weight, IV) followed by IV administration of ketamine (10 mg/kg) were evaluated in 13 dogs. Acepromazine caused significant decreases in arterial blood pressure, stroke volume, left ventricular work, left ventricular stroke work, breathing rate, minute ventilation, and oxygen consumption. Subsequent administration of ketamine caused significant increases in heart rate, effective alveolar volume, alveolar-arterial Po2 gradient (transient increase), venous admixture (transient increase), and PaCO2 and PVCO2 (transient increases), and caused significant decreases in stroke volume, minute ventilation, physiologic dead space, and arterial and venous PO2 (transient decreases).

Acepromazine↗
PubMed1986

Xylazine and xylazine-ketamine in dogs.

The cardiopulmonary consequences of IV administered xylazine (1.0 mg/kg) followed by ketamine (10 mg/kg) were evaluated in 12 dogs. Xylazine caused significant decreases in heart rate, cardiac output, left ventricular work, breathing rate, minute ventilation, physiologic dead space, oxygen transport, mixed venous partial pressure of oxygen, and oxygen concentration. It caused significant increases in systemic blood pressure, central venous pressure, systemic vascular resistance, tidal volume, and oxygen utilization ratio. The subsequent administration of ketamine was associated with significant increases in heart rate (transient increase), cardiac output, the alveolar-arterial PO2 gradient and venous admixture (transient increase), and arterial PCO2 (transient increase). It caused significant decreases in stroke volume (transient decrease), left ventricular stroke work (transient decrease), effective alveolar ventilation, arterial PO2 and oxygen content (transient decrease).

Anesthesia, General↗
PubMed1985

Ketamine in dogs.

The cardiopulmonary consequences of ketamine (10 mg/kg, IV) were evaluated in 18 dogs. Heart rate, cardiac output, systemic blood pressure, left ventricular work, oxygen transport, oxygen consumption, carbon dioxide production, and core temperature increased. Breathing rate, minute ventilation, and arterial partial pressure of oxygen transiently decreased. Arterial partial pressure of carbon dioxide, alveolar-arterial oxygen gradient, and venous admixture transiently increased. The duration of action of ketamine for surgical anesthesia was short. Muscle tone and salivation were excessive, and spontaneous muscular activity was prominent.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Feline trauma and critical care medicine.

The initial management of the traumatized cat can be a challenging, but rewarding, task for the veterinarian. The pathophysiology of shock, its clinical presentation, and basic elements of treatment are universal to all species. Special care must be taken when dealing with injured cats, due to their increased susceptibility to stress and tendency toward severe hypothermia in shock. The development of pulmonary edema in response to excessive fluid loads, especially in the face of pulmonary injury, must be borne in mind when establishing treatment regimens. The keys to successful management of the traumatized cat lie in correct assessment of the extent and nature of injuries, rapid institution of rational therapy, and constant re-evaluation of the animal's response throughout the post-traumatic period.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Effect of low carrier gas flows (50% oxygen/50% nitrous oxide) on inspired oxygen tension in anesthetized dogs.

Low carrier gas flows of 50% oxygen/50% nitrous oxide were evaluated with regard to their effect on inspired oxygen (PIO2) and carbon dioxide (PICO2) tension during maintenance inhalational anesthesia in dogs, using a circle-system anesthetic machine. A total flow rate of 15 ml/min/kg was associated with a PIO2 of 230 +/- 25 mm of Hg and a PICO2 of 0.4 +/- 0.4 mm of Hg after 4 hours of methoxyflurane anesthesia. End-tidal carbon dioxide, minute volume ventilation, and ventilation frequency did not change during the 4 hours. Lower total flow rates were associated with collapse of the reservoir bag, or a PIO2 less than 200 mm of Hg, or both.

Anesthesia, Inhalation↗
PubMed1981

Effect of acetazolamide in blood acid-base and electrolyte values in dogs.

The effects of acetazolamide administration on arterial blood acid-base equilibrium and electrolyte concentrations were evaluated in 13 clinical patients and in a 4-week experiment in 6 conditioned mixed-breed dogs. Findings included persistent acidemia characterized by hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis, elevated partial pressure of oxygen, and mild depletion of potassium. Changes in the partial pressure of carbon dioxide were variable, and there was no change in plasma sodium concentration or osmolality. Measured disturbances were apparent within 12 hours of the commencement of acetazolamide administration, peaked at between 1.5 and 5.0 days, and thereafter stabilized. Abnormalities were restored to normal within 1.5 days following termination of drug administration.

Acetazolamide↗
PubMed1981

Hypothermia and its prevention during general anesthesia in cats.

Cats (n = 66) were evaluated in a retrospective clinical study to determine if there were any consistent patterns predisposing them to hypothermia during general anesthesia. There were no differences between any of the anesthetic techniques evaluated, between different body weights, or between different surgical procedures, with regard to the degree of hypothermia developed. Four cats were evaluated with regard to the efficacy of several techniques to maintain or restore body temperature during pentobarbital anesthesia. A circulating warm-water blanket cocooning the subject was most effective. Placing the animal on a circulating warm-water blanket under a 250-W infrared heat lamp, or under a hot-water bottle heat tent was effective, whereas cocooning in hand towels or a space blanket were ineffective.

Anesthesia, General↗
PubMed1980

Effect of inspired-air warming and humidification in the prevention of hypothermia during general anesthesia in cats.

An inspired-air heating and humidifying device was constructed and evaluated with regard to its ability to maintain mean body heat in anesthetized cats. Control cats exhibited a net heat loss of -5.960 and -2.970 Kcal for each of 2 successive hours. The respiratory heat loss was only 0.675 Kcal per hour. Subjects inhaling warmed and humidified oxygen exhibited a net heat loss of -2.860, -1.900, and -0.742 for each of 3 successive hours, whereas respiratory heat gain was 0.643, 0.742, and 0.776 Kcal for the same periods. The inspired-air heating and humidifying technique was associated with a significantly slower decrease in body temperature (P less than 0.05) after 45 minutes. The inspired-air heating technique is beneficial in minimizing body heat loss during general anesthesia in cats, but is not effective enough to supplant other methods.

Anesthesia, General↗
PubMed1977

Sampling and storage of blood for pH and blood gas analysis.

Techniques used in sampling and storage of a blood sample for pH and gas measurements can have an important effect on the measured values. Observation of these techniques and principles will minimize in vitro alteration of the pH and blood gas values. To consider that a significant change has occurred in a pH or blood gas measurement from previous values, the change must exceed 0.015 for pH, 3 mm Hg for PCO2, 5 mm Hg for PO2, and 2 mEq/L for [HCO-3] or base excess/deficit. In vitro dilution of the blood sample with anticoagulant should be avoided because it will alter the measured PCO2 and base excess/deficit values. Arterial samples should be collected for meaningful pH and blood gas values. Central venous and free-flowing capillary blood can be used for screening procedures in normal patients but are subject to considerable error. A blood sample can be stored for up to 30 minutes at room temperature without significant change in acid-base values but only up to 12 minutes before significant changes occur in PO2. A blood sample can be stored for up to 3.5 hours in an ice-water bath without significant change in pH and for 6 hours without significant change in PCO2 or PO2. Variations of body temperatures from normal will cause a measurable change in pH and blood gas values when the blood is exposed to the normal water bath temperatures of the analyzer.

Animals↗