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Biomedical subjects

S C Jakes

Publications and source records attributed to S C Jakes.

8 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1988

Cognitive variables in tinnitus annoyance.

Two new questionnaires were devised to investigate dimensions of complaint about tinnitus. Following a factor analysis of data provided by a sample of tinnitus patients who were administered the first questionnaire, the second questionnaire was developed. This included questions concerning coping attitudes and beliefs about tinnitus. The results of the two analyses were similar and they indicated the presence of three main dimensions of complaint (emotional distress, auditory perceptual difficulties, and sleep disturbance). However several smaller factors suggested that complaint was more complex than originally predicted. The second questionnaire successfully discriminated complaining from non-complaining patients.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Tinnitus: a management model.

A comprehensive model of tinnitus management is proposed. As it is rarely possible to abolish the symptom, management of the tinnitus patient must aim at precipitating the habituation process. The model is split into 'evaluation' and 'remediation' sections. In each section the various aspects of management are discussed. Together with traditional factors, the importance of psychological processes is stressed. The role of the expectations of the patient in limiting remedial possibilities is also discussed.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1986

Matched and self-reported loudness of tinnitus: methods and sources of error.

A consecutive series of 62 patients who reported tinnitus at the time of their first attendance at a neuro-otology clinic were studied. Loudness matches were obtained both at the frequency of the tinnitus and at 1 kHz. These matches were expressed in dB HL, dB SL and in units derived from individualised loudness functions (personal loudness units; PLUs). Self-reports of the loudness of tinnitus at the time of loudness matching were obtained on five different scales. Moderate correlations were found between self-reported loudness and some of the scales by which the loudness match was expressed. When subjects who had some difficulty with the test procedures were excluded, the correlations between PLU expressions of the matched loudness and certain of the self-report scales were found to be markedly improved. Correlations of traditional expressions of matched loudness with self-report improved to a limited extent. It was concluded that: measurement error can appreciably reduce the maximum correlation between the best self-report measure and loudness match measures; PLU conversions of matched loudness data produce the highest correlations with self-report measures of loudness, and explicitly labelled self-report scales (Guttman and adjectival) produce better correlations with loudness match values than other self-report scales.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

[Tinnitus--a treatment model].

In the management of any patient suffering from tinnitus, it is essential first to identify and treat any underlying cause and then to apply proven tinnito-suppressive treatment to any persistent tinnitus. The present model is concerned with the management of patients whose tinnitus persists despite this approach. It indicates how all relevant information about the patient should be obtained and subsequently applied in determining the approach(es) most pertinent to the particular patient. It aims to be independent of any specific setting and applicable to all clinicians concerned with helping the patient suffering from tinnitus.

Combined Modality Therapy↗
PubMed1985

A factor analytical study of tinnitus complaint behaviour.

Two separate factor analyses were conducted on various self-rated complaints about tinnitus and related neuro-otological symptoms, together with audiometric measurements of tinnitus 'intensity' (masking level and loudness matching levels). Two general tinnitus complaint factors were identified, i.e. 'intrusiveness of tinnitus' and 'distress due to tinnitus'. 3 specific tinnitus complaint factors were also found, i.e. 'sleep disturbance', 'medication use' and 'interference with passive auditory entertainments'. Other neuro-otological symptoms and the audiometric measures did not load on these factors. An exception was provided by loudness matches at 1 kHz, which had a small loading on the 'intrusiveness of tinnitus' factor. Self-rated loudness had a high loading on this factor. Otherwise, the loudness (either self-rated or determined by loudness matching) was unrelated to complaint dimensions. The clinical implications of the multifactorial nature of tinnitus complaint behaviour are considered.

Affective Symptoms↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A comparison of different methods for assessing the 'intensity' of tinnitus.

Questions are raised about the technical and psychological interpretation of loudness match measures in the assessment of tinnitus "intensity". The effect of hearing threshold on loudness matches expressed in sensation level (SL) was investigated by selecting subjects with different degrees of hearing loss. The loudness match expressed in SL was found to be a function of threshold. Correlations were then determined between psychological scales of tinnitus complaint (reported loudness, distress, intrusiveness, and others) and loudness match expressed in HL, SL, sones, or personal loudness units (PLUs). Only matches expressed in PLUs were significantly correlated with reported loudness or other psychological scales. The PLU transformation, derived from an individually determined loudness function, produces values that are generally independent of other audiometric measures. It is therefore recommended for assessing tinnitus "intensity".

Adolescent↗