Body dysmorphic disorder by proxy.
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Adult↗
Biomedical subjects
S C Josephson
Publications and source records attributed to S C Josephson.
Estimating sexual dimorphism by method-of-moments.
Estimating the degree of sexual dimorphism is difficult in fossil species because most specimens lack indicators of sex. We present a procedure that estimates sexual dimorphism in samples of unknown sex using method-of-moments. We assume that the distribution of a metric trait is composed of two underlying normal distributions, one for males and one for females. We use three moments around the mean of the combined-sex distribution to estimate the means and the common standard deviation of the two underlying distributions. This procedure has advantages over previous methods: it is relatively simple to use, specimens need not be assigned to sex a priori, no reference to living species analogs is required, and the method provides conservative estimates of dimorphism under a variety of conditions. The method performs best when the male and female distributions overlap minimally but also works well when overlap is substantial. Simulations indicate that this relatively simple method is more accurate and reliable than previous methods for estimating dimorphism.
Analysis of Variance↗
Serotonin reuptake blockers for the treatment of obsessional jealousy.
BACKGROUND: Some patients with pathological jealousy have a predominant obsessional component to their jealous thoughts. Since obsessions and compulsions often respond to serotonin reuptake blockers, these agents may also be useful for obsessional jealousy. METHOD: We undertook a retrospective study of patients who presented with obsessional jealousy. Six patients were treated in open clinical practice with serotonin reuptake blockers. RESULTS: Four of the six patients responded to medication. This response was as robust as that seen in patients with classical symptoms of obsessive compulsive disorder. CONCLUSION: Obsessional jealousy has phenomenological similarities to other obsessions and compulsions, and obsessional jealousy may also respond to standard antiobsessional medications.
1-Naphthylamine↗
Obsessional severity in Tourette's syndrome.
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Adult↗
Response-contingent awakening in the modification of chronic snoring.
Loud snoring is a common sleep habit that has been shown to have adverse effects on both physical health and interpersonal relationships. Medical treatment for various organic causes is sometimes possible, but there are also many instances in which snoring appears unrelated to any specific organic etiology. The present report describes the successful use of a behavior modification program for the experimental control and suppression of snoring. Six chronic loud snorers participated in a 2-week treatment outcome study, in which a contingent-awakening procedure was systematically compared with a noncontingent control condition. Polysomnographic assessments before and after each phase of the experiment indicated the specific effects of the contingent awakening procedure on the suppression of snoring. The study also examined the relationship between snoring and other sleep parameters, and particularly the occurrence of respiratory obstruction before and after treatment. The implications of these findings for the treatment of chronic snoring are discussed.
Adult↗
The experimental modification of sonorous breathing.
Loud snoring is a noxious habit and potential personal health risk. We are reporting the first experimental study of simple behavioral techniques for the modification of chronic snoring. Twenty-four volunteers participated in a repeated measures, randomized group design over 2 weeks of intervention and one-month follow-up. Treatment groups included a contingent-awakening and breathing retraining (self-control) condition. Both treatment groups were compared to a no-treatment control. Despite considerable intra-subject variability and the lack of an adequate attention-placebo control group, objective assessment indicated a substantial reduction in snoring amplitude and frequency in both treatment groups. Follow-up assessments further demonstrated maintenance of change. This study has implications for modification of sleep habit disorders and learning without awareness.
Adult↗