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Biomedical subjects

S C Kerwin

Publications and source records attributed to S C Kerwin.

14 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2000

Deionised water as an adjunct to surgery for the treatment of canine cutaneous mast cell tumours.

Medical records of 55 dogs with a diagnosis of cutaneous mast cell tumour were reviewed. Twenty-seven of the dogs were treated with surgery plus deionized water and the remaining 28 with surgery alone. A survival analysis was performed to determine whether deionized water, as an adjunct to surgery for cutaneous mast cell tumour, affected survival time or time to tumour recurrence. Dogs in which mast cell tumour recurred had a significantly shorter survival time compared with dogs with no recurrence (P = 0.05), regardless of the method of treatment. A significant negative association between tumour recurrence and method of treatment (P = 0.0097) and clinical stage (P = 0.0223) was observed. Dogs treated with surgery and deionized water had a significantly shorter time to recurrence of their mast cell tumour (P = 0.0113). Based on these results, deionized water does not appear to be beneficial in prolonging survival time or time to tumour recurrence for dogs with cutaneous mast cell tumours.

Animals↗
PubMed2000

Immunohistochemical and clinical evaluation of p53 in canine cutaneous mast cell tumors.

One hundred twenty-six cutaneous mast cell tumors obtained by excisional biopsy from 106 dogs were evaluated using immunohistochemical staining for the presence of p53 protein. A standard avidin-biotin immunohistochemical protocol was used incorporating a polyclonal antibody of rabbit origin (CM-1) as the primary antibody. Histopathologic grading of tumors was performed on hemotoxylin and eosin-stained samples. There was a significant difference in the percentage of cells staining positive for p53 for the histopathologic grades (P = 0.0005). Grade III tumors had a significantly greater p53 content than did grade I or II tumors (P < 0.05). Clinical data obtained retrospectively was available for 54 dogs. Tumor recurred in 19 of 54 (35.2%) dogs. Twenty-nine dogs died by the end of the study; 9 of 29 (31.0%) died of mast cell tumor disease. Histopathologic grade showed a significant negative association with survival time. Both clinical stage and histopathologic grade showed a significant negative association with time to recurrence. The percentage of cells staining positive for p53 did not significantly improve the forward analysis. Immunohistochemical detection of p53 did not appear useful in characterizing the clinical association between cutaneous mast cell tumor cellular features and survival time or time to tumor recurrence in dogs.

Animals↗
PubMed2000

Effect of hyperbaric oxygen treatment on incorporation of an autogenous cancellous bone graft in a nonunion diaphyseal ulnar defect in cats.

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether hyperbaric oxygen treatment (HBOT) would affect incorporation of an autogenous cancellous bone graft in diaphyseal ulnar defects in cats. ANIMALS: 12 mature cats. PROCEDURE: Bilateral nonunion diaphyseal ulnar defects were created in each cat. An autogenous cancellous bone graft was implanted in 1 ulnar defect in each cat, with the contralateral ulnar defect serving as a nongrafted specimen. Six cats were treated by use of hyperbaric oxygen at 2 atmospheres absolute for 90 minutes once daily for 14 days, and 6 cats were not treated (control group). Bone labeling was performed, using fluorochrome markers. Cats were euthanatized 5 weeks after implanting, and barium sulfate was infused to evaluate vascularization of grafts. Ulnas were evaluated by use of radiography, microangiography, histologic examination, and histomorphometric examination. RESULTS: Radiographic scores did not differ between treatment groups. Microangiographic appearance of grafted defects was similar between groups, with all having adequate vascularization. Differences were not observed between treated and nontreated groups in the overall histologic appearance of decalcified samples of tissue in grafted defects. Mean distance between fluorescent labels was significantly greater in cats given HBOT than in nontreated cats. Median percentage of bone formation in grafted defects was significantly greater in cats given HBOT. CONCLUSIONS: Hyperbaric oxygen treatment increased the distance between fluorescent labels and percentage of bone formation when incorporating autogenous cancellous bone grafts in induced nonunion diaphyseal ulnar defects in cats, but HBOT did not affect revascularization, radiographic appearance, or qualitative histologic appearance of the grafts.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

Musculoskeletal system. Joint and vertebral column diseases.

Owner complaints that refer to the musculoskeletal system are common in older dogs and cats. When the veterinarian is presented with these types of complaints, the differential lists include chronic intervertebral disk disease, diskospondylitis, degenerative joint disease, spondylosis with nerve root compression, joint/ ligament instability, and/or cancer. The diagnosis and management of some of these conditions is presented in detail with the general goal in mind that the older dog or cat is provided the best quality of life possible through good mobility along with being pain free.

Aging↗
PubMed1995

Hepatic aspiration and biopsy techniques.

Hepatic biopsy can be a key part of the diagnostic plan in dogs or cats with liver disease. There are a wide variety of techniques for the clinician to choose from based on the patient's condition, liver size, equipment available, experience of the operator, and financial considerations. Although major complications are rare, the clinician should not attempt a biopsy procedure without being prepared to diagnose and treat complications appropriately if they occur. Many techniques for hepatic biopsy are easy to learn and to perform and should be a part of small animal practice at every level.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Diskospondylitis associated with Brucella canis infection in dogs: 14 cases (1980-1991).

A retrospective study of 135 dogs with diskospondylitis revealed 14 dogs with concurrent Brucella canis infection. Sexually intact male dogs and dogs in the southeastern United States appeared to be at higher risk. Results of bacteriologic culturing of blood were less likely to be positive for dogs with diskospondylitis caused by B canis infection than for dogs with diskospondylitis caused by other organisms. Follow-up evaluation of 13 of the 14 dogs revealed complete remission of clinical signs in nine, but serologic test results continued to be positive for B canis infection long after resolution of clinical abnormalities. Radiographic follow-up evaluation in 6 dogs revealed active lesions despite complete remission of clinical abnormalities.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Extradural spinal liposarcoma in a dog.

An 8-year-old female Doberman Pinscher was examined because of progressive, asymmetric, ambulatory caudal paraparesis. Myelography revealed extradural left ventrolateral spinal cord compression over the first and second lumbar vertebral bodies. A left hemilaminectomy, extending from the thirteenth thoracic to the second lumbar vertebrae, was done, and an extradural mass was removed. The tumor was identified histologically as myxoid liposarcoma. The dog's neurologic function improved gradually after surgery; however, at 7 months after surgery, hind limb neurologic function deteriorated rapidly over a 5-week period, presumably because of local recurrence of the tumor. The dog was euthanatized; necropsy was not permitted.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The effect of hyperbaric oxygen treatment on a compromised axial pattern flap in the cat.

A pedicle skin flap based on the caudal superficial epigastric artery was created in 12 cats. The artery was ligated and the vein left intact. Six cats were treated with hyperbaric oxygen at 2 atm absolute for 90 minutes daily for 14 days, starting the day after surgery. Skin flap color was significantly better in the treated cats on days 1, 2, and 3. The amount of exudate was significantly less in the treated cats on day 3. There was no difference in the amount of swelling between treated and nontreated control cats. Although five of six of the treated cats had 100% skin flap survival, there was no significant difference in total flap survival between treated and nontreated control cats.

Abdominal Muscles↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Deep-frozen allogeneic cancellous bone grafts in 10 dogs: a case series.

Deep-frozen, aseptically collected and processed allogeneic cancellous bone was implanted in eight dogs during the surgical repair of diaphyseal long bone fractures and in two dogs during arthrodeses. A combined allogeneic and autogeneic cancellous bone graft was used in two fractures with a segmental bone loss of more than 5 cm. Bone union occurred in five fractures and in both arthrodeses. Failure of fixation occurred in two dogs with nonunion fractures and in a third dog with an open, infected fracture. Biopsies from the fracture sites were obtained from these dogs following failure of their fracture fixation. The cancellous bone graft appeared to be in the process of normal incorporation in each case. Failure of fixation was attributed to technical or case management errors or both, in each of the three fractures that failed to achieve bony union. Frozen allogeneic cancellous bone grafts were effectively incorporated when used in the primary repair of fractures and arthrodeses. Combined autogenous and allogeneic cancellous bone grafts may be particularly useful in the repair of fractures with large segmental diaphyseal bone defects. The use of allogeneic cancellous bone grafts in nonunion fractures requires further investigation before it can be recommended.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Cervical spinal cord compression caused by cryptococcosis in a dog: successful treatment with surgery and fluconazole.

A six-year-old, male Doberman pinscher was presented for acute onset of upper motor neuron tetraparesis. An extradural compressive lesion compatible with intervertebral disk rupture at the sixth to seventh cervical (C6-C7) disk space was evident on myelography. A large, gelatinous mass of pure cryptococcal organisms causing spinal cord compression was identified upon exploratory surgery. Removal of the mass caused relief of clinical signs. No evidence of involvement of other organ systems was found; however, serum and cerebrospinal fluid titers were positive for cryptococcal infection. The dog was treated with fluconazole (5.5 mg/kg body weight, per os sid) until serum titers for cryptococcal infection were negative at seven months postsurgery. To the authors' knowledge, this is the only report of a dog with cryptococcosis treated successfully using fluconazole as a sole agent.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Caudal cervical intervertebral disk disease in the small dog: role of distraction and stabilization in ventral slot decompression.

The clinical outcomes in 112 dogs weighing less than 35 pounds that were presented with cervical intervertebral disk protrusions were retrospectively evaluated. Although the second to third cervical (C2 to C3) intervertebral space was the most common site (27%) of disk protrusion, 57% of disk protrusions presented were caudal to the fourth cervical (C4) vertebra. Dogs with cranial intervertebral disk protrusions, including the C2 to C3 and C3 to C4 intervertebral disk spaces, responded favorably to ventral slot decompression. By comparison, caudal intervertebral disk protrusions (within the C4 to the seventh cervical [C7] intervertebral disk spaces) responded less favorably to ventral slot decompression, demonstrating significantly more severe clinical effects in motor function, comfort, recovery, and long-term outcome following surgery. Significant improvement in clinical results was seen in caudal disk protrusions when additional surgical distraction and stabilization were provided following ventral slot decompression.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Contrast radiographic findings in canine bacterial discospondylitis: a multicenter, retrospective study of 27 cases.

A multicenter, retrospective study was undertaken to evaluate contrast radiographic findings in canine bacterial discospondylitis. Records and myelograms or epidurograms of 27 patients were obtained from five colleges of veterinary medicine. Fifteen cases (56%) were evaluated as having some degree of spinal cord compression. The majority (73.3%) of the cases had only soft tissue as the compressive mass. The median compression for all cases was 5% of the vertebral canal. No difference was noted for compression based on anatomical site (i.e., cervical versus thoracolumbar versus lumbosacral). No significant correlation between degree of lesion compression and clinical outcome was noted, but there was a trend toward increased mortality with greater compression. There was no correlation between the ambulatory status and the ultimate outcome. Three of the 15 (20%) cases showed vertebral subluxation. Results of this study indicate that static spinal cord compression is not a significant component of the neurological dysfunction associated with bacterial discospondylitis. Identification of vertebral subluxation in some patients may indicate a dynamic lesion that should be evaluated with stress radiography.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Vertebral subluxation following ventral cervical decompression in the dog.

Cervical intervertebral disk disease is commonly treated surgically by ventral decompression through a ventral slot. Nine dogs with documented vertebral subluxation following surgical creation of a ventral slot are reported. The location of the subluxation was at the fourth cervical (C4) to fifth cervical (C5) intervertebral space in two dogs, C5 to sixth cervical (C6) intervertebral space in four dogs, and C6 to seventh cervical (C7) intervertebral space in three dogs. The ventral slot width to vertebral body width ratio ranged from 0.39 to 0.80, with the ratio being 0.50 or greater in seven of eight cases evaluated radiographically. Surgical reduction and stabilization were performed in seven of nine dogs.

Animals↗