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Biomedical subjects

S C Mishra

Publications and source records attributed to S C Mishra.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2006

L-Arginine stimulates intestinal intraepithelial lymphocyte functions and immune response in chickens orally immunized with live intermediate plus strain of infectious bursal disease vaccine.

Infectious bursal disease (IBD) continues to pose potential threat to poultry industry all over the world. The disease can spell disaster not only through its infection but also by break of immunity in chickens vaccinated for other diseases. l-Arginine, a ubiquitous, semi-essential amino acid has emerged as an imunostimulant from variety of human and animal studies. In the present study, we demonstrate the stimulatory effects of l-arginine on intestinal intraepithelial lymphocyte (iIELs) functions as well as on systemic immune response in chickens orally vaccinated with live intermediate plus (IP) strain of IBD vaccine. Challenge studies with virulent IBDV revealed complete (100%) protection in IP+l-arginine group compared with 80% protection recorded in IP strain vaccinated chickens. Functional activities of iIELs evaluated by cytotoxicity assay demonstrated significantly high percentage cytotoxicity in IP+l-arginine groups compared with IP group (P<0.05). Proliferative response of iIELs against IBDV antigen and Con-A was also significantly higher in IP+l-arginine group. Similar results were obtained with peripheral blood mononuclear cell blastogenic response to IBDV and Con-A analyzed as an indicator of systemic cell-mediated immune response. Orally administered IP strain vaccine elicited good antibody titres in both the groups, IP and IP+l-arginine, however, the antibody titres were significantly higher in IP+l-arginine group compared with IP vaccinated group (P<0.05). These results clearly demonstrate that l-arginine stimulates intestinal and systemic immune response against IBDV.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed2005

L-arginine stimulates immune response in chickens immunized with intermediate plus strain of infectious bursal disease vaccine.

Infectious bursal disease continues to pose an important threat to the commercial poultry industry, especially after the emergence of virulent infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV). L-arginine, a ubiquitous, basic amino acid is used as an immunostimulant in variety of human and animal studies with great success in immunosuppressed hosts. In the present study, we evaluated the immunomodulatory effects of L-arginine on humoral and cellular immune response in chickens immunized with live intermediate plus (IP) strain of IBDV vaccine. Chickens vaccinated with IP strain and supplemented with 2% L-arginine showed 100% protection after challenge with virulent IBDV compared to 80% protection induced by IP strain alone. IP strain vaccine elicited good antibody titres in both the groups, IP + L-arginine and IP alone, however, the antibody titres in IP + L-arginine group were significantly higher (P < 0.05) than IP vaccinated chickens. Mitogenic response of peripheral blood lymphocytes to specific IBDV antigen stimulation was significantly higher in IP + L-arginine group (P < 0.05). Peripheral blood lymphocytes were able to rapidly clear the suppressive effects of IP strain and virulent challenge virus in IP + L-arginine group. These results strongly suggest that l-arginine plays a vital role in modulation of protective immune response against IBDV.

Adjuvants, Immunologic↗
PubMed2005

Time dependent immunomodulatory response of exogenous melatonin to killed Pasteurella multocida (P52 strain) vaccine in albino rats.

The effect of time of administration of exogenous melatonin (M) at the rate of 100 microg/Kg BW of rat/day for 14 days on immunomodulation to killed Pasteurella multocida (P52 strain) vaccine (KPMV) was investigated in male albino rats during spring season with photoperiod of LL 13: DD 11 h and 25 +/- 2.5 degrees C air temperature and 70 +/- 4% relative humidity. The experiment was conducted at an altitude of 172 mts above mean sea level at latitude 28.20 degrees north, longitude 79.24 degrees east (Bareilly, U.P. India). The experimental animals were divided in-groups of 8 rats each, as KPMV + M at 4.00 h; KPMV + M at 16.00 h; KPMV and their controls M4, M16, PBS respectively. Humoral immune response was monitored at weekly intervals by an indirect ELISA and cellular immunity by leukocyte migration inhibition test (LMIT) and delayed type of hypersensitivity (DTH). As evinced by in-vitro assays and in-vivo protection studies, both humoral and cellular immune responses to KPMV were augmented in rats receiving exogenous melatonin at 4.00 h as compared to slightly reduced responses in rats treated with melatonin at 16.00 h. It was concluded that the circadian timings of melatonin administration modulate immune response in rats.

Adjuvants, Immunologic↗
PubMed2004

Bacteriological profile in chronic suppurative otitis media in Eastern Nepal.

Aural swabs were collected from 250 patients with chronic suppurative otitis media (CSOM) (tubotympanic disease). Duration of ear discharge was more than 6 months for culture and sensitivity test. The disease was unilateral in 178 (71.2%) and bilateral in 72 (28.8%) patients. From a total of 322 aural swab cultures, 324 organisms were isolated with predominance of Pseudomonas aerugimosa (36.4%) followed by Staphylococcus aureus (30.2%). All the isolated Gram-negative organisms showed in vitro sensitivity to ciprofloxacin, amikacin, ofloxacin, and gentamycin whereas cloxacillin, ofloxacin, erythromycin, ciprofloxacin, gentamicin and tetracycline were more effective against Gram-positive isolates. Most isolates were resistant to amoxycillin. It is concluded that ciprofloxacin is preferred to aminoglycosides as an important tool in the treatment of CSOM because of its lower cost, lack of ototoxicity and availability as topical oral preparations.

Administration, Topical↗
PubMed2002

Unusual solitary osteochondroma of the mandibular ramus.

Mandibular osteochondromas, although rare, predominantly involve the condyloid and coronoid processes. An extremely rare case arising from the inner aspect of the gonion is reported here. Only one such case has been reported in the literature so far. Despite being very slow growing and having a benign course, histopathological examination showed reactive changes that may be confused with sarcomatous transformation. We advocate surgical excision using a combined external and internal approach followed by regular post-operative review. The relevant literature has been reviewed but various surgical approaches as advocated in the past have not been found suitable.

Female↗
PubMed2001

Cost-effective diagnostic nasal endoscopy with a modified otoscope.

We present 'Mishra's rhinoscope', a novel, cost-effective technique of zero-degree rigid nasoendoscopy with a modified otoscope, the results of which are comparable with the fibreoptic sinoscope. This is particularly suited for the developing world where financial constraints restrict the diagnosis of an occult nasal pathology.

Cost-Benefit Analysis↗
PubMed1996

A study of free radicals and scavenging enzyme in tonsillitis.

The present study is a comparison of malonaldialdehyde (MDA) level and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity between controls and in tonsillitis patients of different degree before (pre) and after (post) surgery (tonsillectomy). The SOD activity increases in pretonsillectomy cases according to severity of disease and there is a rise in MDA level whereas after tonsillectomy although the increase in SOD is marginal but MDA declines sharply as compared to pretonsillectomy patients indicating that the SOD exerts its protective effect after surgery.

Free Radicals↗
PubMed1992

Fibrocalculus pancreatic diabetes in western Orissa.

Skiagram proved 35 cases of fibrocalculus pancreatic diabetes in order to analyse the clinical profile and its correlation with different descriptive epidemiological parameters were studied. Mean age was 25.17 +/- 7.85 years and male to female ratio was 6:1; 65.7% patients were poor (income < Rs 500 per month) and another 28.6% having average income (Rs 500 to Rs 1,000 per month); 74.3% came from rural areas having a family size of about > or = 7 members and sanitation was poor in all the cases. Mean body mass index was 15.93 +/- 3. Severe diabetes (ie, fasting blood sugar level > 251 mg%) and moderately severe diabetes (ie, fasting blood sugar level > 181 mg% but < 250 mg%) were noted in 51.4% and 11.4% cases respectively. Recurrent pain abdomen, infections, neuropathy, retinopathy, nephropathy and keto-acidosis were observed in 52.2%, 40.0%, 42.9%, 8.6%, 11.4% and 2.9% cases respectively. Mean soluble insulin requirement was 41.81 +/- 13.94 units. Four cases in whom pancreatic lithotomy was done, showed less insulin requirement and disappearance of pain. Parotid swelling, chronic diarrhoea and insulin resistance were not observed. Insulin requirement, epidemiological and biochemical parameters were similar to other young diabetics.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Angiofibromas of the postnasal space: a critical appraisal of various therapeutic modalities.

Angiofibromas of the postnasal space are an enigma to the treating surgeon in view of their extensions around the skull base. The availability of modern investigative procedures has to some extent facilitated the decision making process in choosing a suitable surgical approach. Proper tumour staging and the earliest and widest possible exposure tailored to the needs of the specific situation together with adequate blood replacement is the key to success in minimizing the chances of the recurrence. The present study aims at an evaluation of the methodology adopted in 100 serial cases of angiofibromas of the postnasal space. After initial surgery, a further 31 procedures were needed for the management of recurrences.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Tetanus with local palsy.

Five cases of tetanus with local palsy are reported. They presented with palatal palsy, pseudohernia, paralysis of both lower limbs, 3rd and 7th cranial nerve palsies and only 7th nerve palsy. Except the last tetanus became generalised in all.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

A rational classification of angiofibromas of the post nasal space.

Angiofibromas of the post nasal space have the potential to extend in all directions along predetermined pathways with a definite mode and chronological pattern. In order to understand their clinical behaviour, methods of treatment and prognosis, a system of clinical staging based on conventional and tomographic observations has been found useful in this series of cases. The classification has been evolved according to the extent of the tumour involvement but also the age of onset, duration, size and area of encroachment including the surgical approach and consequent prognosis. Deficiencies in the earlier classifications are discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

An enzyme linked immunoassay for estimation of antibodies to Newcastle disease virus strains.

The sensitivity of enzyme linked immunoassay (ELISA) was compared to that of haemagglutination inhibition (HI) test in detection of humoral antibodies in birds vaccinated with Newcastle disease virus (NDV). The highest antibody titre at day 21 post-vaccination as detected by ELISA in the sera of vaccinated birds was 2560 by all strains in contrast to the HI titres of 640 to 1280. The antibody titre was higher in all pre- and post-vaccination sera as determined by ELISA than detected by HI test.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Experience in the management of hypertension with unilateral chronic pyelonephritis: results of nephrectomy in selected patients.

We report the experience of a regional centre serving a population of 3 millions in the management of patients with hypertension and unilateral scarred kidneys between 1972 and 1981. Thirty one patients were studied, fifteen have been subjected to nephrectomy and sixteen managed conservatively. The medically and surgically treated patients differed only in that the diseased kidney was smaller, 7.7 +/- 1.9 vs 9.9 +/- 1.7 cm, (p less than 0.01), and systolic blood pressure higher, 224 +/- 34 vs 198 +/- 30 mmHg, (p = 0.05), in the surgically treated group. Following nephrectomy blood pressure was normal without drugs in four patients, control was made easier in 10 patients and only one patient, who had bilateral disease, failed to benefit. In the non-surgical group drugs could be withdrawn in only one patient and control became easier in only five. Serum creatinine did not increase following nephrectomy, but had increased significantly at the time of the most recent follow up in the medically treated patients (89 +/- 20 to 102 +/- 32 mumol 1(-1), p less than 0.05). We conclude that nephrectomy is of value in the management of some patients with unilateral chronic pyelonephritis and need not result in loss of renal function. Renal vein renin studies may be helpful in selecting patients for surgery but examination of the effect of nephrectomy in patients without differences in renal vein renin is necessary to establish this.

Adolescent↗