Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to S C Rose.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
A patient diagnosed with chronic thromboembolic disease experienced a fatal intraprocedural paradoxic embolism during inferior vena cava (IVC) filter insertion. The frequency of patent intra-atrial shunts in patients with chronic thromboembolic disease is surprisingly high, occurring in approximately 29.5% of patients with chronic thromboembolic disease. Prevention of embolic events during venous interventions in such cases requires that the operator recognize that central shunts may be present and strictly adhere to meticulous technique during IVC filter insertion.
PURPOSE: To determine if three-dimensional ultrasound (3D US), by nature of its ability to simultaneously evaluate structures in three orthogonal planes and to study relationships of devices to tumor(s) and surrounding anatomic structures from any desired orientation, adds significant additional information to real-time 2D US used for placement of devices for ablation of focal liver tumors. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Sixteen patients underwent focal ablation of 23 liver tumors during two intraoperative cryoablation (CA) procedures, three intraoperative radiofrequency ablation (RFA) procedures, 11 percutaneous ethanol injections (PEI) procedures, and six percutaneous RFA procedures. After satisfactory placement of the ablative device(s) with 2D US guidance, 3D US was used to reevaluate adequacy to device position. Information added by 3D US and resultant alterations in device deployment were tabulated. RESULTS: 3D US added information in 20 of 22 (91%) procedures and caused the operator to readjust the number or position of ablative devices in 10 of 22 (45%) of procedures. Specifically, 3D US improved visualization and confident localization of devices in 13 of 22 (59%) procedures, detected unacceptable device placement in 10 of 22 (45%), and determined that 2D US had incorrectly predicted device orientation to a tumor in three of 22 (14%). CONCLUSIONS: Compared to conventional 2D US, 3D US provides additional relationship information for improved placement and optimal distribution of ablative agents for treatment of focal liver malignancy.
The aim of this study was to examine the role of interventional radiology (IR) in the pretransplant evaluation of potential living-related liver transplantation (LRLT) donors and in the post-transplant management of pediatric liver transplant recipients. Medical records and procedural reports were reviewed of 12 potential donors and five recipients for left lateral segment liver transplants. Procedures performed by the IR Division, clinical indications, and complications were tabulated. Retrospective calculation of radiation exposure to the skin and gonads of the donors and recipients were made. Three-dimensional ultrasound (3D US) was used in all 12 potential donors to screen for the donor with the most appropriately sized left lateral segment. The four optimal donor candidates underwent contrast angiography in order to measure the diameter and screen for variant arterial supply to the left lateral segment. Pretransplantation, one recipient underwent mesenteric angiography with indirect portography to confirm thrombosis of the portal vein and to prove patency of the splenomesenteric venous confluence. Three children underwent LRLT and two children received split livers from cadaveric donors. Thirty-two IR procedures were performed after transplantation (Tx) in the four transplant survivors (one child died following Tx). These IR procedures included: ultrasound-guided percutaneous liver biopsy to evaluate the pathologic cause of liver dysfunction (seven); placement of nasal jejunal feeding tubes (three) or a peripherally inserted central catheter (four) for nutritional and pharmacologic support; large-volume diagnostic and therapeutic paracentesis (two) and thoracentesis (one); percutaneous catheter drainage of symptomatic large pleural effusions (two), large-volume chylous ascites (one) (with later drain removal [one]), and a large biloma (one); percutaneous biliary drain placement (three), biliary drain replacement (two), and balloon cholangioplasty (four) to relieve obstructive jaundice from biliary enteric anatomic strictures; and mesenteric arteriography (one) for suspected thrombosis of the hepatic artery. No complications occurred. Mean skin and gonadal radiation doses were 193 mGy and 27 mGy, respectively, for donors, and 164 mGy and 60 mGy, respectively, for recipients. Even in a program such as this, with a limited series of pediatric liver Txs, it is apparent that IR plays an integral role in optimizing the clinical outcome and use of resources. Specific benefits included: selection of optimal donors; accurate mapping of the donor and occasionally recipient hepatic vasculature; and, most importantly, providing relatively safe minimally invasive procedures for nutritional support and diagnosis and management of untoward events after Tx. When possible, ultrasound guidance should be used to avoid excessive cumulative fluoroscopic exposure to recipients.
This paper describes a low-cost, self-oscillating, detuning-in-sensitive, class-E driver for transcutaneous power and data transmission to implantable microsystems. A voltage feedback scheme using a fast comparator for zero-crossing detection and a CMOS start-up circuit were used to stabilize the class-E operation for various transmitter coil inductance values. This technique solves the common problem of mismatch between the switching frequency of the driving device and the resonant frequency of the load network, which can cause excessive power loss and damage to the active device. Data is transmitted by AM modulation of the carrier through switching the power supply between two levels. The transmitter uses a 9-V supply, consumes 212 mA, operates at 3.9 MHz, and has an efficiency of 71%. The efficiency is stable (< 2% change) against 13% variations in the inductance value of a pancake shaped transmitter coil. Index Terms-Biomedical microsystems, class-E transmitter, implantable electronics, inductive powering, transcutaneous links.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
PURPOSE: To compare the frequency and extent of pulmonary embolism (PE) occurring during pulse-spray pharmacomechanical thrombolysis (PSPMT) of clotted hemodialysis grafts with use of either urokinase (UK) or heparinized saline (HS). Postintervention primary patency and complication rates were compared for each method of thrombolysis. METHODS AND MATERIALS: Twenty-seven patients were enrolled in this prospective, randomized, double-blind study evaluating PE with two PSPMT agents. The doses of heparin were similar between groups. The only variable was that one group of patients received UK and the other received HS. In two cases, the venous anastomosis could not be crossed. Eleven patients were treated with UK and 14 with HS. Nuclear medicine perfusion lung scans were performed before treatment and after graft declotting procedures. Lung perfusion was quantified to 10% of a pulmonary segment (0 = normal perfusion, 1 = segmental perfusion defect), with nine segments counted for each lung. RESULTS: Baseline nuclear medicine perfusion lung scan results were abnormal (> or = 20% segmental perfusion defect) in 19 patients (70.4%). New PE (one or more pulmonary segments) occurred in two patients treated with UK (18.2%) and nine patients treated with HS (64.3%; P = .04). All cases of PE were asymptomatic. Quantitative global pulmonary perfusion analyses revealed that treatment with UK improved flow to 0.2 +/- 2.0 pulmonary segments, whereas treatment with HS decreased perfusion to 1.0 +/- 1.7 segments (P = .16, NS). Although postintervention primary patency rates were similar according to life-table analysis (P = .76, NS), complication rates were higher with use of HS (n = 4, 28.6%) than with use of UK (n = 2, 18.2%) (P = .6, NS). CONCLUSIONS: All PE were asymptomatic during PSPMT, but treatment with UK reduced the rate of PE and tended to result in smaller defects in lung scan results. Most patients undergoing hemodialysis have abnormal baseline perfusion scan results, but PSPMT with UK improved many of them. The postintervention primary patency rates were similar between groups, but complications were more frequent after treatment with HS.
PURPOSE: To evaluate the usefulness of information provided by three-dimensional ultrasound (3D US) and to determine whether 3D US decreased the number of passes required to obtain portal vein (PV) access during creation of transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunts (TIPS). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Intermittent 3D US volume acquisitions were obtained during creation of TIPS in 20 patients. Useful information provided by 3D US was tabulated. The number of passes required to achieve PV access was recorded and results were compared retrospectively to 25 patients who underwent TIPS without 3D US. RESULTS: 3D US documented that the operator's opinion of which hepatic vein had been selected was incorrect in nine patients (45%), detected unfavorable PV anatomy that required modification of equipment or technique in seven patients (35%), permitted estimation of the trajectory required to access the targeted PV in all patients (100%), assisted in selecting the optimal point along the hepatic vein for origination of the needle pass in 11 patients (55%), allowed avoidance of a large hepatocellular carcinoma in one patient (5%), and confirmed that access into the main PV was intrahepatic in four patients (20%). The mean number of needle passes decreased from 10.4 in the historic control group to 4.6 in the 3D US group (P = .0001). CONCLUSION: 3D US provided imaging information that detected technical errors and altered anatomy, and provided positional and directional information to significantly improve needle pass efficiency.
PURPOSE: To evaluate the usefulness of information provided by three-dimensional ultrasound (3D US) and to determine whether 3D US decreased the number of passes required to obtain portal vein (PV) access during creation of transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunts (TIPS). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Intermittent 3D US volume acquisitions were obtained during creation of TIPS in 20 patients. Useful information provided by 3D US was tabulated. The number of passes required to achieve PV access was recorded and results were compared retrospectively to 25 patients who underwent TIPS without 3D US. RESULTS: 3D US documented that the operator's opinion of which hepatic vein had been selected was incorrect in nine patients (45%), detected unfavorable PV anatomy that required modification of equipment or technique in seven patients (35%), permitted estimation of the trajectory required to access the targeted PV in all patients (100%), assisted in selecting the optimal point along the hepatic vein for origination of the needle pass in 11 patients (55%), allowed avoidance of a large hepatocellular carcinoma in one patient (5%), and confirmed that access into the main PV was intrahepatic in four patients (20%). The mean number of needle passes decreased from 10.4 in the historic control group to 4.6 in the 3D US group (P = .0001). CONCLUSION: 3D US provided imaging information that detected technical errors and altered anatomy, and provided positional and directional information to significantly improve needle pass efficiency.
OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to assess the efficacy of repeated pulsed spray pharmacomechanical thrombolysis for salvage of early rethrombosis of hemodialysis grafts and to identify factors that predict successful outcome. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty-four patients with initial successful thrombolysis were referred for repeated thrombolysis because of early rethrombosis. Repeated thrombolysis occurred within 1 month of initial thrombolysis. Technical success and patency rates were calculated. Causes of graft thrombosis and procedural modifications were analyzed. RESULTS: The 39 rethrombosed grafts were successfully treated using pharmacomechanical thrombolysis, and patients underwent subsequent hemodialysis. The underlying flow-limiting stenoses were treated with balloon angioplasty using a larger balloon (41%), a same-size angioplasty balloon (18%), stent placement (15%), or increased anticoagulation (5%). A new stenosis location was discovered in 18%. Mean primary patency was 80.9 days (2.6 months) and secondary patency was 235.4 days (7.8 months). With life table analysis, 1-, 3-, 6-, and 12-month primary patency rates were 72%, 31%, 23%, and 15%, and secondary patency rates were 77%, 62%, 51%, and 31%, respectively. Graft patency rates in our study were compared with our institutional historic graft patency rates, with no significant difference noted (p = 0.76). No major procedural complications occurred. CONCLUSION: Adequate technical success and patency rates for pharmacomechanical thrombolysis occur even for hemodialysis grafts that rethrombose within 1 month. After thrombolysis, aggressive search for and treatment of additional stenoses are warranted.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
The vessels of the celiac axis were evaluated in 16 healthy volunteers with three-dimensional gray scale ultrasonography. Sonographic volume data sets were obtained from both sagittal and transverse planes. The visualization of specific branches of the celiac artery (hepatic, splenic, left gastric, gastroduodenal, left hepatic, right hepatic, right gastric) was evaluated, and each vessel was placed in one of four categories on the basis of the appearance of the specific vessel and image clarity (not seen, poorly seen, adequately seen, well seen). Each vessel was evaluated on an initial two-dimensional scan and on a second scan using the entire volume to optimize and follow the designated vessel using rotating, referencing, and scrolling display capabilities. The ability to manipulate an entire volume improved visualization of the selected vessels as noted by an improved score. The proportion of vessels in the "not seen" and "poorly seen" categories decreased from the initial scan (62.5%) to the scan utilizing the entire volume (36%). Alternatively, the percentage of vessels in the "adequately seen" to "well seen" categories improved from 37.50% on the initial examination to 64% on the scans using the entire volume to depict vascular anatomy. The optimal plane to image each vessel depended on the course of a specific vessel. For optimal imaging of all the selected vessels, both sagittal and transverse volume acquisitions and both sagittal and transverse planes were needed. Three-dimensional imaging provided a new imaging plane (coronal) that was useful in following and identifying vessels, especially those vessels coursing in a right to left direction. Vascular variants were identified by this technique in two of 16 subjects. Vascular imaging was improved with three-dimensional ultrasonography, and this imaging method may provide additional assistance in decision making when evaluating abdominal vessels.
PURPOSE: To determine a set of distinctive imaging findings seen in symptomatic patients with pretibial varices. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Medical records and imaging studies of patients who presented with pretibial varices over an 8-year period were collected from four institutions. Findings in six symptomatic patients with pretibial varices were retrospectively reviewed. Radiographic and magnetic resonance (MR) imaging findings were available from all six patients; findings from several other modalities were also available in some patients. RESULTS: Conventional radiographs showed a small osteolytic defect in the anterior cortex of the midtibia and a prominent, longitudinally oriented, radiolucent groove in the proximal half of the tibial diaphysis. MR images showed pretibial varices connected to an enlarged vessel in the tibia that eventually exited through the nutrient foramen. Computed tomographic (three patients), sonographic (four patients), venographic (four patients), arteriographic (two patients), and surgical (three patients) findings demonstrated that these patients had an unusual intraosseous varix that traversed the anterior cortex, medullary cavity, and posterior cortex of the tibia. CONCLUSION: Recognition of these findings can prevent misdiagnosis and may prove helpful in the planning of appropriate treatment.
PURPOSE: We determined the accuracy of transrectal ultrasonography versus digital rectal examination in staging the local extent of biopsy proved carcinoma of the prostate. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A National Institutes of Health funded network was developed to perform prospective, multi-institutional trials. A total of 386 patients judged by the investigators to be candidates for radical prostatectomy underwent transrectal ultrasonography with recording of data according to a numerical analog for construction of receiver operating characteristic curves. The results of digital rectal examination were similarly recorded. After radical prostatectomy whole mount histology was performed on all surgical specimens, and pathological findings were correlated with preoperative transrectal ultrasound and digital rectal examination results. RESULTS: The calculated area under the curve for transrectal ultrasound in predicting extracapsular tumor extension was 0.69 compared to 0.72 for digital rectal examination (p = 0.64), while that for predicting seminal vesicle invasion was 0.74 and 0.69, respectively (p = 0.36). There was a nonstatistically significant trend for improved accuracy of both examinations as tumor volume increased. Transrectal ultrasound was more accurate for staging posterior cancers than for those in the anterior portion of the prostate. CONCLUSIONS: Neither transrectal ultrasound nor digital rectal examination proved to be superior to each other for staging the local extent of prostate cancer. No imaging modality or examination that depends on gross architectural changes is likely to have a high degree of accuracy in detecting microscopic extension of extracapsular tumor frequently observed in radical prostatectomy specimens.
PURPOSE: The current study was designed to compare the interpretation of the individual performing transrectal ultrasound examination (operator) with experienced individuals who interpreted the examination with and without the availability of clinical data. Inter-observer and intra-observer variability was compared to determine the reproducibility and reliability of the study. MATERIALS AND METHODS: All patients undergoing radical prostatectomy for treatment of localized carcinoma of the prostate underwent a transrectal ultrasound examination before the procedure. The sonogram was interpreted by the operator and reviewers. The radical prostatectomy specimen was examined pathologically and the staging as determined by ultrasound was compared with the pathological findings. RESULTS: Ultrasound operator accuracy for extracapsular extension and seminal vesicle invasion was 0.70 and 0.74, respectively, compared with the accuracy of the reviewers, which ranged from 0.59 to 0.75 and 0.44 to 0.74 for extracapsular extension and seminal vesicle invasion, respectively. In general, blinded reviews were less accurate than unblinded reviews but this was only statistically significant for 2 reviewers. CONCLUSIONS: Although for most reviewers the addition of clinical data did not improve the accuracy of the interpretation, an advantage was noted for the operator, that is, the individual performing the examination. In general, the technical quality of the examination was related to the accuracy of the readings.