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S C Taylor

Publications and source records attributed to S C Taylor.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

Quantitation of lysophosphatidylcholine molecular species in rat cardiac tissue.

We have developed a rapid and sensitive procedure for isolation and measurement of 1-acyllysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) species in rat myocardial tissue. Tissues were spiked with heptadecanoyl-LPC internal standard and extracted with chloroform/methanol. The chloroform phase was dried, resuspended in chloroform/propan-2-ol (2/1, v/v), and applied to an aminopropyl-bonded phase (Bond Elut) column. Following stepwise elution with several solvent mixtures, the LPC fraction (ethyl acetate/methanol, 4/6, v/v) was separated by HPLC with direct quantitation of palmitoyl-LPC (P-LPC), oleoyl-LPC (O-LPC), and stearoyl-LPC (S-LPC), using an evaporative light scattering mass detector. Calibration curves were generated for each individual LPC species. Recoveries of added [14C]LPC and of heptadecanoyl-LPC internal standard after extraction and chromatography were 85.8 +/- 1.9% (mean +/- SE, N = 10) and 83.4 +/- 1.8% (N = 15), respectively. This assay showed satisfactory sensitivity, reproducibility, and accuracy for measurement of LPC species in rat myocardial tissue. The major molecular species of LPC in rat myocardium were found to be P-LPC and S-LPC, which were two- to sixfold as abundant as O-LPC. In isolated, crystalloid-perfused rat hearts the time of perfusion was found to significantly influence the content of P-LPC (0 min, 252 +/- 10; 15 min, 178 +/- 10, P less than 0.001, compared with 0 min; 40 min, 131 +/- 4, P less than 0.001; and 70 min, 129 +/- 4, P less than 0.001; nmol/g dry weight), but not the content of O-LPC and S-LPC. The method will be useful for studying the participation of LPC species in physiology, pathophysiology, and therapeutics.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Subungual osteochondroma. Diagnosis and management.

Osteochondroma, a benign tumor of bone that may penetrate the skin is rarely recognized by the dermatologist. We report two cases of osteochondroma of the distal phalanges with cutaneous penetration, and discuss the clinical, histologic, and radiographic features that allow rapid identification of this lesion. Furthermore, we emphasize the importance of total tumor excision, including adequate treatment of the underlying bone, to prevent recurrence of the lesion.

Child↗
PubMed1991

Construction and analysis of infectious transcripts synthesized from full-length cDNA clones of both genomic RNAs of pea early browning virus.

Full-length cDNA clones of both RNAs of pea early browning virus have been constructed. Synthetic transcripts derived in vitro from these clones are infectious when inoculated onto plants. Electron microscopy revealed the presence of virions in transcript-inoculated plants, and both purified RNA and virions isolated from such plants could be used to infect other plants. Transcripts of RNA1 alone were able to replicate and spread systemically which is a characteristic of members of the tobravirus group of plant viruses.

Base Sequence↗
PubMed1991

The Oncology Nursing Society.

Oncology nursing is one of the fastest moving and most exciting specialties in nursing today. ONS, not surprisingly, is one of the strongest specialty groups. Taylor profiles the history of this group.

Humans↗
PubMed1991

Cardioprotective effects of the potassium channel opener cromakalim: stereoselectivity and effects on myocardial adenine nucleotides.

We determined if the cardioprotective effects of the potassium channel opener cromakalim are stereoselective and if it can preserve adenine nucleotides in ischemic myocardium. We subjected isolated isovolumically beating rat hearts to 25 min of global ischemia and reperfusion with and without pretreatment by cromakalim or its enantiomers. All of these compounds significantly increased preischemic coronary flow with the (3S,4R)-(-)-enantiomer being more potent (EC25 = 0.52 microM) compared to cromakalim (EC25 = 1.04 microM) and the (3R,4S)-(+)-enantiomer (EC25 greater than 100 microM). The (-)-enantiomer was also significantly more potent in reducing ischemic/reperfusion damage compared to cromakalim and its (+)-enantiomer. Reperfusion contractile function was improved significantly and lactate dehydrogenase release was reduced by these compounds. Time to contracture was also increased significantly by the (-)-enantiomer (EC25 = 2.27 microM), cromakalim (EC25 = 4.89 microM) and the (+)-enantiomer (EC25 greater than 100 microM). We determined if cromakalim, in a concentration which does not depress cardiac function (10 microM), can preserve high energy phosphates during ischemia in isolated rat hearts. Cromakalim significantly preserved ATP at 15 to 25 min of ischemia. Adenylate energy charge was also significantly improved by cromakalim at 20 to 25 min into an ischemic episode. Thus, the cardioprotective effects of cromakalim are stereoselective and may be due partly to preservation of myocardial energy reserves. It is significant that cromakalim can preserve adenine nucleotides despite its lack of negative inotropic effects.

Adenine Nucleotides↗
PubMed1991

Nail cosmetics.

Disorders of the nails may be brought about by systemic disease or outside influences. Although many of the products available on the market may be of great benefit in offering palliation of abnormalities of the nail plate, they may also be a source of significant adverse effects. Treatment of nail disorders must be predicated on a well-focused history, physical examination, and proper tissue samples.

Cosmetics↗
PubMed1990

Acetylcholinesterase activity in regions of mouse brain following acute and chronic treatment with a benzodiazepine inverse agonist.

1. Chronic administration of the benzodiazepine inverse agonist FG 7142 has previously been shown to induce seizure activity in mice. In the present study we have investigated the effects of acute and chronic treatment with FG 7142 in mice on the levels of acetylcholinesterase activity in cortex, hippocampus, midbrain and striatum. We have also investigated the effects of acute and chronic stress in the form of handling (vehicle-injection) on acetylcholinesterase levels. 2. A single dose of FG 7142 produced a marked elevation of total acetylcholinesterase activities in the hippocampus and midbrain when compared with vehicle-injected control levels, but the levels were not different from those in unhandled animals. 3. Acute stress, in the form of vehicle-injection produced decreases in cortical and hippocampal soluble acetylcholinesterase activity but FG 7142 had no effect upon these stress-induced changes. 4. Total cortical and hippocampal acetylcholinesterase activities were increased by 56% and 16% respectively in the chronic FG 7142-treated mice that exhibited seizure activity (compared with vehicle-injected controls). 5. Soluble acetylcholinesterase activity in the midbrain was decreased to 82% of control levels only in animals that had undergone FG 7142-induced kindling. Smaller or no changes in acetylcholinesterase activity in the midbrain were observed in chronically FG 7142-treated animals that exhibited no seizure activity. 6. Mice that did not demonstrate seizure activity in response to chronic FG 7142 treatment showed alterations in the soluble acetylcholinesterase activities of the hippocampus and midbrain. 7. It is concluded that chronic treatment with the benzodiazepine inverse agonist FG 7142 produces alterations in the acetylcholinesterase activities of various brain regions, in a manner related to the kindling that can be produced by this treatment. 8. Chronic mild stress, in the form of repeated handling (vehicle injection), induced changes in brain activity with decreases in total activity occurring in the cortex and hippocampus, and an increase in soluble acetylcholinesterase activity occurring in the midbrain. 9. All these stress-induced changes appeared to be prevented by administration of FG 7142 at the time of the stress. It would appear therefore that FG 7142 can prevent the effects of chronic stress on brain acetylcholinesterase activity.

Acetylcholinesterase↗
PubMed1990

Interferon production in sickle cell disease.

There is limited data on cytokine production in sickle cell disease (SCD). In this study, both alpha (Poly IC-induced) and gamma (PHA-induced) interferon (IFN) were measured in 62 SCD steady state patients, and 21 in the crisis state associated with infections. Comparable normal controls (30 healthy and 14 with infections) were assessed in a similar manner. Gamma IFN production in both SCD groups, steady state (35 +/- 6 U/ml) and crisis state (24 +/- 11 U/ml) was significantly diminished when compared to the normal healthy controls (65 +/- 14 U/ml) with P less than .005. Both SCD groups were also less than normals with infections (56 +/- 23 U/ml) with P less than .005. On closer analysis of individual titers, 15/62 (24%) in the steady state, 11/21 (52%) of SCD patients with infection and 2/14 (14%) of normals with infection, showed impaired gamma IFN when compared to normals without infection (range 27-2187 U/ml). Alpha IFN production in the SCD groups; steady state (512 +/- 113 U/ml) and SCD crisis with infection (559 +/- 110 U/ml) was virtually equivalent to normals (524 +/- 170 U/ml) and normals with infection (509 +/- 116 U/ml). Analysis of individual titers, in contrast to gamma IFN, also showed no significant differences. These results indicate that a significant percentage of SCD patients in both the steady state and infectious state associated with crisis, have impaired gamma IFN production. In view of the known immunomodulatory functions of gamma IFN, this apparent defect may be another factor to explain the increased frequency and severity of infections in SCD.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

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Cross Infection↗
PubMed1989

Pea early browning virus RNA1 encodes four polypeptides including a putative zinc-finger protein.

We have determined the complete nucleotide sequence of RNA1 of the tobravirus pea early browning virus [PEBV] from an overlapping series of cDNA clones. The 7073 nucleotide sequence contains four open reading frames [ORFs]. The 5' proximal ORF encodes a 141K polypeptide, and readthrough of the opal [UGA] termination codon of this ORF would lead to the synthesis of a second, 201K polypeptide. Both of these polypeptides have extensive amino acid homology with the putative replicase proteins of tobacco rattle virus [TRV] and tobacco mosaic virus [TMV]. The third ORF encodes a 30K polypeptide which has homology with the TRV 29K and TMV 30K putative cell-to-cell spread proteins. The fourth, 3' proximal ORF encodes a 12K polypeptide which has extensive homology with the TRV 16K protein whose function is unknown. Examination of the amino acid sequences of the 12K and 16K gene products reveals in each the presence of two multiple-cysteine/histidine motifs, a finding which suggests that these proteins might have zinc and/or nucleic acid-binding properties.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1989

Projected incidence of cardiovascular disease in male firefighters based on current risk factor prevalence.

The projected incidence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in male firefighters was determined by the prevalence of current CVD risk factors and the use of the Framingham Study general cardiovascular risk profile in a probability sample of firefighters from two municipal fire departments. Hypercholesterolemia (60.9%) and obesity (56.0%) were the most prevalent risk factors. Significant age-related trends were observed for the prevalence of all CVD risk factors, except glucose intolerance (P = .21) and an abnormal resting electrocardiogram (P = .07). The projected incidence of CVD in firefighters did not differ from that of the general male population (relative risk, 1.0; 95% confidence interval, 0.7 to 1.4); similar risk estimates were observed in age-specific analyses. These findings are in accord with previous incidence and mortality studies that used circulatory diseases as an end point. The present method should be viewed primarily as a hypothesis-generating tool because of its limitations in assessing cause and effect.

Adolescent↗