Allergic contact balanitis due to tetracaine (amethocaine) hydrochloride.
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Adult↗
Biomedical subjects
S Córdoba
Publications and source records attributed to S Córdoba.
[Goat and human brucellosis in the department of Rivadavia, province of Salta, Argentina].
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Animals↗
[Multicenter study on nosocomial candidiasis in the Republic of Argentina].
A multicenter study was performed between April and September 1998 with the participation of 12 medical centers located in 8 different provinces and in the capital city of Argentina. The aim of this study was to determine the species distribution and the antifungal susceptibility profile of isolates causing nosocomial fungal infections. All the fungal isolates obtained were sent to the Mycology Department for reference identification and antifungal susceptibility testing. Eighty-nine isolates were received from different clinical specimens. The distribution of species obtained was C. albicans (50.6%), C. tropicalis (22.5%), C. parapsilosis (20.2%), C. krusei (3.4%), C. glabrata (2.2%) and Debaryomyces hansenii (1.1%). Most of the isolates (85/88) had MICs for amphotericin B < or = 1 microgram/ml, C. krusei showed resistance to fluconazole but was dose dependent susceptible to itraconazole, C. glabrata (2/2) were resistant against both drugs, most of the isolates of C. albicans, C. tropicalis and C. parapsilosis were susceptible to these triazole drugs. These data showed a different distribution of Candida species compared with results obtained in other countries. The low frequency of appearance of C. krusei and C. glabrata in our country suggests a reduced selective pressure by triazoles.
Antifungal Agents↗
[Nosocomial transmission of Candida albicans in newborn infants].
Candida spp. colonization in neonates occurs due to vertical or horizontal transmission. Preliminary studies determined that Candida albicans is the principal agent of these infections. In order to establish nosocomial transmission, 26 Candida albicans strains isolated from patients with candidosis hospitalized during a 18-month period in 2 neonatal intensive care units (NICU) from a pediatric hospital were studied. Fourteen isolates from patients and health care workers, involved in possible outbreaks of an intensive care unit (UCI) and a NICU from another pediatric hospital were also studied. All Candida albicans strains were genotyped by Southern blot hybridization with 27A. Isolates for outbreak confirmation were also hybridized with another specific Candida albicans probe, Ca3. Hybridization patterns demonstrated horizontal transmission in all the units studied. In a NICU, transmission among 4 patients during a 10-month period could be established and in the other NICU, 3 cases of transmission among 2 patients each were demonstrated in periods of 2 to 20 days. The outbreak studies showed the same strain isolated from 2 nurses and from one patient at the NICU and at the ICU identical strains were found in 3 patients. In this study, hybridization with Ca3 in addition to 27A probe did not increase discrimination power among isolates. Genotypic analysis allows, not only, determination of transmission and persistence of strains during prolonged periods or in sporadic outbreaks, but also facilitates necessary epidemiological decisions for optimizing nosocomial fungal infection control measures.
Candida albicans↗
[1st environmental isolation of Cryptococcus neoformans var. gattii in Argentina].
Two strains of C. neoformans var. gattii serotype B were isolated from a park in Buenos Aires city, Argentina. Samples were collected in spring, rubbing with swabs on the inner hollow of Eucalyptus spp. and other trees, which were not identified at the collection moment. Samples were swabbed directly onto cafeic acid with antibiotic agar, then incubated at 28 degrees C and observed daily for a week. Isolates were recovered from cafeic acid medium showing characteristic colonies of the species that allowed differentiation from other microorganisms of the sample. Identification was performed using carbohydrate fermentation, assimilation of nitrogen and carbon sources, and urease and phenoloxidase detection. Strain variety was determined with canavanine-glicine-bromotimol blue agar medium (CGB). Genotypic characterization using AP-PCR with (GACA)4 aleatory primer showed that both band profiles could be differentiated by only one band. These two strains were isolated from tree species different from Eucalyptus spp. These isolates from natural sources demonstrate that C. neoformans var. gattii efosts in Buenos Aires city environment and that it is not necessarily associated with Eucalyptus spp. The presence of C. neoformansvar. gattii in the environment, detected for the first time in Argentina, may explain its sporadic association with human infections in the local population.
Argentina↗
[Multicenter study of fungemia due to yeasts in Argentina].
The incidence of candidemia has increased approximately 500% in high-complexity hospitals. A change in the spectrum of Candida infections due to species other than Candida albicans has also been detected. Between April 1999 and April 2000 a multicenter study was performed in order to determine the species distribution associated to candidemias in Argentina and the susceptibility profile of the isolates to the current antifungal drugs. Thirty six institutions have participated. All the 265 yeast strains isolated from blood cultures were identified by morphological, physiological, and biochemical tests. The antifungal susceptibility testing of isolates was performed based on the reference NCCLS procedure. The distribution of species was: Candida albicans (40.75%), Candida parapsilosis (28.67%), Candida tropicalis (15.84%), Candida famata (3.77%), Cryptococcus neoformans (3.77%), Candida glabrata (2.64%), and others (4.53%). Most of the isolates were susceptible to amphotericin B, fluconazole and itraconazole. Mortality associated to the fungemia by yeasts episodes (n=265) was 30%, lower than results previously determined (33-54%). The mortality percentage in patients who received antifungal therapy versus patients without treatment was 26.3% and 47%, respectively.
Amphotericin B↗
[Disk diffusion method for fluconazole susceptibility testing of Candida spp. isolates].
In order to standardize and evaluate a disk diffusion method with visual reading to detect in vitro fluconazole susceptibility of yeast, 1193 clinical isolates were tested. These included 584 Candida albicans, 196 Candida parapsilosis, 200 Candida tropicalis, 113 Candida glabrata, 50 Candida krusei and 50 Candida spp. and other opportunistic yeasts. The disks were manufactured in the INEI-ANLIS "Dr. Carlos G. Malbrán. The disk diffusion method results were compared to MIC results obtained by the reference CLSI M27-A2 broth microdilution method modified by EUCAST. The interpretative breakpoints for in vitro susceptibility testing of fluconazole were established at: zone diameter > or =16 mm for MIC < or =8 microg/ml (susceptible isolates), between 9 and 15 mm for MIC = 16-32 microg/ml (susceptible dose-dependent isolates), and < or =8 mm for MIC > or =64 microg/ml (resistant isolates). Overall agreement between the two methods was 94.7%, with 0.2% very major errors, and 0.3% major errors. Inter - and intralaboratory agreement was good. The disk diffusion method for drug susceptibility testing of Candida spp. isolates is inexpensive, reliable and reproducible. However, when the inhibition zone diameter is < or =15 mm, it is advisable to test the isolate by the reference microdilution method.
Antifungal Agents↗