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Biomedical subjects

S Callaghan

Publications and source records attributed to S Callaghan.

14 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1999

ACTRITE: Acute Chest Triage Rapid Intervention Team.

The aim of this paper is to demonstrate how the Acute Chest Triage Rapid Intervention Team (ACTRITE), of North Mersey Community (NHS) Trust, (NMCT) was developed and how it functions. Also demonstrated is a retrospective audit of 50 patients cared for by the team. The ACTRITE Service is a development between NMCT and Aintree Chest Centre. This service integrates primary and secondary care for patients with acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The ACTRITE team is based in the Accident and Emergency (A&E) Department of Fazakerley Hospital, UK. It is a team of nurses specializing in patients with COPD, supported by senior respiratory physicians. Patients who attend A&E with an exacerbation of their chest condition will be assessed by the team to determine if, with suitable medication, nursing and social support they might safely and preferably be cared for at home. The assessment will consider all aspects of the patient problem and the aim is to care for the patient holistically. If home care is deemed appropriate, ACTRITE will provide full support for the patient at home. This includes regular visits from the ACTRITE nurses, supported in the evening and overnight by the district nursing team.

Aged↗
PubMed1998

Evaluating two dressings for the prevention of nasal bridge pressure sores.

Nasal intermittent positive pressure ventilation (NIPPV) can provide symptom control and improved quality of life for patients with acute and chronic respiratory failure. Many patients using a Respironics mask for NIPPV develop nasal bridge pressure sores. Two dressing were compared for effectiveness in preventing such sores. Patients using Granuflex had less skin deterioration over time compared to a comparison group and patients using Spenco Dermal.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Case mix type as a predictor of nursing workload.

In the current health care service, the need to measure nursing workload has become the subject of major debate. Attempts have been made to relate workload and nurse staffing, however, despite there being systems for this there appears to be no single recognized formula. Case mix groups have been advocated as a useful tool for measuring nursing workload, particularly in Canada where work continues. Case mix groups work on the basis that patients who are clinically similar and use equivalent resources are grouped using procedure and diagnostic codes. The retrospective study examines the relationship between case mix, resource utilization and nursing effort to determine whether future workload could be predicted using these parameters. The sample included 798 patients and 30 nurses over the period 1993-1994 with analysis of data from the Patient Administration System (PAS) and TEAMWORK, which purports to measure nurse workload. Results showed that there was little relationship between nursing workload and case mix grouping and recommendations are made for future research.

Diagnosis-Related Groups↗
PubMed1995

A specific tetrahydrobiopterin binding domain on tyrosinase controls melanogenesis.

(6R)5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin (6-BH4) directly regulates tyrosinase activity by specifically binding to a putative 13 amino acid domain. This domain has sequence homology to 6-BH4 binding sites already identified on phenylalanine hydroxylase and 4a-carbinolamine dehydratase. Furthermore, this binding sequence appears to have been conserved during the evolution of tyrosinase as it has also been identified in the frog, mouse and human enzymes. 6-BH4 controls tyrosinase activity by an uncompetitive mechanism requiring the presence of L-tyrosine for effective down-regulation. When L-dopa is substrate, 6-BH4 does not inhibit the enzyme implicating separate binding sites for L-dopa and L-tyrosine on tyrosinase. Dihydropterin and 6-biopterin, the oxidation products of 6-BH4, do not inhibit tyrosinase significantly, indicating that melanin biosynthesis is controlled by a 6-BH4/6-biopterin redox-switch mechanism which can be initiated by photo-oxidation of 6-BH4.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1992

Hedonic response of sucrose likers and dislikers to other gustatory stimuli.

The majority of individuals can be classified as sweet likers or dislikers based on their hedonic (pleasure) response to sucrose solutions of varying concentrations. Our results indicate that the sweet liker/disliker distinction generalizes to sugars other than sucrose, i.e., glucose and fructose. As well, these individual hedonic response patterns are maintained even when a flavor and color are added to sucrose solutions. However, whether one is a sweet liker or disliker does not predict hedonic response to nonsweet tastes such as salt. These results indicate that the sweet liker/disliker distinction is a robust phenomenon which appears to generalize over, but is restricted to, sweet-tasting substances. The possibility that individual differences in hedonic response may predict preferences for, and intake of, complex tastes characteristic of foods encountered in the real world, is discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

North of the border.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Community Health Nursing↗
PubMed1979

The effect of glibenclamide treatment on the insulin and glucagon responses to oral glucose and galactose in maturity onset diabetics.

Glibenclamide has been shown to stimulate an insulin releasing factor in the duodenum. The possibility that this effect is of importance in its hypoglycaemic action was investigated by studying the effect of galactose on insulin release before and after treatment with glibenclamide; galactose stimulates insulin release when given orally but has no effect when given parenterally; thus its ability to release insulin appears to reside in an action on a gut factor. Measurements of plasma glucose, insulin and glucagon were made on twelve maturity onset diabetic patients following an oral glucose tolerance test and an oral galactose tolerance test before and after one week of treatment with glibenclamide. Glibenclamide significantly reduced the blood glucose levels. Both basal insulin and basal glucagon levels were unchanged. The insulin response to oral glucose was enhanced. Glucagon levels before treatment did not suppression of glucagon levels. Galactose stimulated insulin release but insulin levels before and after treatment were identical. An effect of glibenclamide on gut insulin releasing activity was not demonstrated but the galactose tolerance test provides a useful technique by which to examine the enteroinsular axis.

Aged↗