PubMed Health⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

S Carter

Publications and source records attributed to S Carter.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1997

Incidence of spontaneous subarachnoid hemorrhage among Hispanics and non-Hispanic whites in New Mexico.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: There are differences in cerebrovascular disease incidence between racial and ethnic groups. Little is known about cerebrovascular disease among Hispanics living in the southwestern United States as compared to non-Hispanic whites. This is the first study which measures and compares the incidence of spontaneous subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) among Hispanics and non-Hispanic whites living in Bernalillo County, New Mexico. This information may help reduce the risk and incidence of SAH. METHODS: Medical records of all possible cases of spontaneous SAH occurring during a two-year period (January 1, 1993 to December 31, 1994) among residents of Bernalillo County, New Mexico, were reviewed in all local hospitals. Hospital records were identified by ICD-9-CM codes. Medical examiner records were also reviewed for additional SAH cases occurring during the same time period. The 1990 U.S. census provided the population base. RESULTS: There were 22 spontaneous SAHs among 267,965 non-Hispanic whites and 25 spontaneous SAHs among 178,310 Hispanics. Incidence of SAH increased with age in both groups. The age- and sex-adjusted total annual incidence of SAH per 100,000 people was 3.73 among non-Hispanic whites and 9.19 among Hispanics (relative risk for Hispanics 2.46, 95% confidence interval 1.37-4.43, P = 0.003). The incidence rates among men and women were not significantly different in either ethnic group. CONCLUSIONS: The incidence of SAH among Hispanic residents of Bernalillo County, New Mexico, is approximately two and a half times higher than that among non-Hispanic whites. This suggests a higher prevalence or a greater tendency to rupture of berry aneurysms among Hispanics as compared to non-Hispanic whites. The reasons for this difference require further investigation.

Age Distribution↗
PubMed1997

Dose-response effects of raw potato starch on small-intestinal escape, large-bowel fermentation and gut transit time in the rat.

This study was designed to quantify starch digestion within the small and large bowels separately when raw potato starch (RPS) was included at 0-240 g/kg in diets fed to growing male Wistar rats. RPS was incorporated in the diets at the expense of maize starch which was expected to be almost completely digested in the small bowel. The digestibility of the maize starch was 0.99 but only 0.28 of the RPS was digested before the terminal ileum so that with increasing intakes of RPS there was a progressive increase in starch supply to the large bowel (LB). Of this starch 0.77, 0.72 and 0.73 was fermented in the large bowel when RPS constituted 80, 160 and 240 g/kg diet respectively. With increasing RPS intake, there was a curvilinear response in molar proportion of butyrate in caecal contents with a maximum value at about 80 g RPS/kg diet. The molar proportion of acetate increased linearly, that of propionate was unchanged, whilst proportions of the minor short-chain fatty acids all declined markedly with increasing RPS intake. The novel marker Bacillus stearothermophilus spores (BSS) was compared with CrEDTA in estimation of whole-gut mean transit time (MTT) when given together in a single test meal. Whilst estimates of MTT for the two markers were strongly correlated within individual rats (r2 0.72), BSS produced estimates that were 13 h longer than those based on CrEDTA. Neither marker detected a change in MTT with increasing RPS intake but, with both, the rate constant (k1) for the 'largest mixing pool' declined significantly (P < 0.001) as dietary RPS concentration was changed from 0-240 g/kg.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed1996

Incidence of spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage among Hispanics and non-Hispanic whites in New Mexico.

OBJECTIVE: To compare the incidence of spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) among Hispanics and non-Hispanic whites living in Bernalillo County, NM. BACKGROUND: There are differences in cerebrovascular disease incidence between racial and ethnic groups. Knowing these differences is likely to optimize stroke prevention and evaluation. METHODS: Medical records review of all possible cases of ICH occurring between January 1, 1993 and December 31, 1993 among residents of Bernalillo County, NM, in all local hospitals. Hospital records were identified by ICD-9-CM codes. Also, State Medical Examiner records review for additional ICH cases occurring during the same time interval. The 1990 U.S. census provided the population base. RESULTS: There were 47 spontaneous ICHs among 267,965 non-Hispanic whites and 39 spontaneous ICHs among 178,310 Hispanics. Incidence of ICH rises exponentially with age in both groups. The age- and sex-adjusted total annual incidence of ICH per 100,000 people is 16.6 among non-Hispanic whites and 34.9 among Hispanics (relative risk for Hispanics 2.10, 95% confidence interval 1.35 to 3.26, p = 0.001). The age-adjusted incidence rates among men and women are not significantly different in either ethnic group. CONCLUSION: The incidence of spontaneous ICH among Hispanic residents of Bernalillo County, NM, is approximately twice that among non-Hispanic whites. The reasons for this difference require further investigation.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Can surgical gloves be made thinner without increasing their liability to puncture?

A new process has been used to develop Biogel Super-Sensitive gloves which are thinner but theoretically as strong as standard Biogel gloves. The two types of glove were compared for their effects on manual sensitivity and dexterity in a randomised controlled trial. The Super-Sensitive gloves impaired sensitivity significantly less than standard gloves but made no difference to the ability to tie knots. No statistically significant difference was shown in the resistance to perforation between the two types of gloves. Surgeons who prefer more sensitive but relatively strong gloves should find the new gloves useful.

Equipment Design↗
PubMed1995

Vascular outcome in men with asymptomatic retinal cholesterol emboli. A cohort study.

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether asymptomatic retinal cholesterol embolism is a risk factor for vascular events. DESIGN: Cohort study with retrospectively selected controls. SETTING: A Veterans Affairs medical center. PATIENTS: 70 consecutive patients with asymptomatic retinal cholesterol emboli on dilated ocular examination in an eye clinic and 70 controls without retinal emboli. Controls were matched to patients for sex; age; prevalence of hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and ischemic heart disease; serum cholesterol level; and smoking history. MEASUREMENTS: Stroke, myocardial infarction, and death. RESULTS: During a mean follow-up of 3.4 years, stroke occurred at an annual rate of 8.5% among patients and 0.8% among controls (adjusted relative risk, 9.9; 95% CI, 2.3 to 43.1; P = 0.002). Nineteen strokes occurred, 17 in patients and 2 in controls; all were nonfatal cerebral infarctions. Twelve of the 17 that occurred in patients were in a carotid artery territory ipsilateral to the qualifying retinal cholesterol embolus and 5 were in another vascular territory. Ocular infarction or hemorrhagic stroke did not occur. Nonfatal myocardial infarction or vascular death occurred at an annual rate of 7.7% among patients and 4.9% among controls (adjusted relative risk, 1.4; 95% CI, 0.7 to 2.9; P = 0.39). CONCLUSION: Asymptomatic retinal cholesterol embolism is an important risk factor for cerebral infarction independent of commonly recognized vascular risk factors.

Aged↗
PubMed1995

Comparison of echocardiographic variables between type I diabetics and normal controls.

This report compares echocardiographic estimates of systolic and diastolic function and ventricular dimensions in type I diabetics and normal controls. A random sample of 60 diabetics selected from a central hospital diabetic clinic was compared with a sample of 40 nondiabetic controls, and matched to the diabetics by age, gender, and blood pressure. Simple comparisons showed that diabetics had a higher mean resting heart rate (HR) (p < 0.001) and a slower diastolic early filling phase (maximal rate of increase in left ventricular dimension in early diastole [v/dtmax], p = 0.08; time from end-systole until dv/dtmax [ES-dv/dtmax], p = 0.03), which were explained by differences in HR and other factors. Resting HR was significantly associated with several echocardiographic variables, but the slope relating resting HR to ventricular dimension was more negative in diabetics than in controls (end-diastolic diameter, p < 0.008; end-systolic diameter, p < 0.005), and the ratio of systolic to diastolic duration was significantly (p < 0.01) less positive in diabetics. The association of resting HR to duration of isovolumic diastole was positive in diabetics and negative in controls (p < 0.02). Among diabetics, those with higher resting HR had more retinopathy (p < 0.05), microalbuminuria (p < 0.05), smaller ventricles (p < 0.01), and longer isovolumic diastole (p < 0.05). Poorer diabetic control was associated with poorer systolic (fractional shortening, p < 0.05) and diastolic (dv/dtmax, p < 0.05; ES-dv/dtmax, p < 0.05) function.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

Procedure-related fetal losses in transplacental versus nontransplacental genetic amniocentesis.

OBJECTIVE: We hypothesize that loss rates after amniocentesis do not differ in transplacental and nontransplacental taps performed by experienced operators. STUDY DESIGN: Subjects were 1000 women undergoing second-trimester amniocentesis: 745 were referred for maternal age; 132 for positive maternal serum alpha-fetoprotein screens, 41 indicating a risk for fetal neural tube defect, 91 indicating a risk for fetal chromosome abnormality; and 123 were referred for other reasons. All procedures were videotaped. The placenta was anterior in 518 cases; in 306 of these the needle went through the placenta. All pregnancies were prospectively evaluated through delivery. RESULTS: There were 13 losses among the 1000 procedures (1.3%). The transplacental losses occurred from 4 to 71 days after procedure, median 26.5 days; the nontransplacental losses from 12 days after procedure to term, median 25 days. The loss rate was essentially similar in the two categories: six transplacental (1.96%) and seven nontransplacental (1%) (relative risk 1.52 [95% confidence limits 0.84 to 2.75], p = 0.23). If the three patients with elevated maternal serum alpha-fetoprotein values were excluded from data analysis, the loss rates in the two groups were virtually identical (relative risk 0.98 [95% confidence limits 0.38 to 2.54], p = 1.0000). CONCLUSION: Transplacental amniocentesis does not appear to increase the fetal loss rate in the hands of experienced surgeons. Moreover, in view of the time span between amniocentesis and loss in both groups, a procedural cause seems questionable.

Abortion, Spontaneous↗
PubMed1995

The phosphocreatine overshoot occurs independent of myocardial work.

Although the exact mechanism(s) responsible for the phosphocreatine/ATP overshoot have not been completely elucidated, our data demonstrate that the overshoot does not stem from reduced myocardial work, and consequently, reduced utilization of phosphocreatine (PCr). Additionally, we highlight a basic difference in the physiologic responses of skeletal and cardial muscle to work demands. By understanding the bioenergetic derangements which accompany reperfusion injury, one may hope to better salvage post-ischemic myocardium.

Adenosine Triphosphate↗
PubMed1994

Predictable crestal bone remodelling around two porous-coated titanium alloy dental implant designs. A radiographic study in dogs.

We have previously suggested that altering the height of the porous-coat segment of a partially porous-coated TiAl6V4 endosseous dental implant would affect the degree of crestal bone loss occurring during implant function by changing the patterns of stress transfer. This conclusion arose from the analysis of data from several different experiments and lacked a direct intra-animal comparison. In the present study we have compared two implant designs varying only in the extent to which they were porous-coated. With one design (type A) the coronal 1.8 mm of the implant root had a machined surface while the remainder of its length was porous-coated with TiAl6V4 beads. The other design (type B) had all but the coronal-most 0.75 mm porous-coated. Two implants of each type were placed in each of 4 dogs and the sites allowed to heal for 4 weeks before re-entry and prosthesis attachment. Monthly the implant-supported bridges were removed and radiographs exposed of each implant using a special film holder connected separately to each implant. These radiographs were analyzed for crestal bone loss using both direct visual and computer-assisted techniques. The results showed that bone remodelled to the machined surface-to-porous coat junction for type B implants and achieved a steady state by 12 weeks of function, whereas a longer time was required to achieve this state with type A implants. Significantly more bone loss occurred with the type A design, and this difference was detectable as early as after the first month of function.

Aluminum↗
PubMed1994

Longitudinal stress fracture in the femoral diaphysis.

Stress fractures occur in multiple sites but more so in the lower limbs and show a predilection for certain sites. The lower femoral shaft is not a common site and a longitudinal stress fracture is extremely rare. A case is reported of a longitudinal stress fracture in the distal femoral shaft that was not suspected initially despite the patient's athletic activities. Review of the literature did not reveal documentation of any similar case.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

A gene for pachyonychia congenita is closely linked to the keratin gene cluster on 17q12-q21.

Pachyonychia congenita (PC) is a group of hereditary syndromes which have in common a hypertrophic dystrophy of the distal nail, and are associated with a variety of additional features, notably various dyskeratoses of skin and mucous membranes. The pathology is unknown but the array of clinical features suggests the possibility of a keratin abnormality. In the present report we describe linkage analyses in a large PC pedigree of the Jackson-Lawler type, a subtype which is characterised by multiple epidermal cysts, hair abnormalities, and natal teeth. The disease locus in this family was found to be tightly linked to markers mapping within, or very close to, the keratin type I cluster at 17q12-q21; maximum lod scores for linkage of the disease to a KRT10 polymorphism and to D17S800, a marker known to be very tightly linked to KRT10, were respectively +4.51 and +7.73, both at theta = 0.00. Although always likely, our findings provide strong evidence of a keratin gene anomaly underlying an inherited disorder affecting epidermis, nail, hair, and mucosa. These findings permit testing to see if pachyonychia congenita shows any locus heterogeneity and suggest specific candidate keratin genes for mutation searching studies. In addition, they suggest a role for keratins in the phenomenon of natal dentition.

Chromosomes, Human, Pair 17↗
PubMed1994

Characteristics of adolescent hallux abducto valgus. A retrospective review.

The authors review 63 surgical cases of adolescent hallux abducto valgus in 54 patients from the Foot and Ankle Institute of the Pennsylvania College of Podiatric Medicine over a 7-year period. Twenty-five closing base wedge and capital osteotomies were evaluated for radiographic changes. Three quarters of a group of 65 patients with adolescent hallux abducto valgus were found to have an abnormally high metatarsus adductus angle. Patients who had a closing base wedge osteotomy had higher preoperative radiographic angles for the intermetatarsal, metatarsus adductus, hallux abductus, and proximal articular set angles as well as the tibial sesamoid position. Those patients had 4.49 degrees more intermetatarsal angle correction than the patients who had a capital osteotomy. Implications for evaluation and treatment are discussed.

Adolescent↗