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Biomedical subjects

S Castellano

Publications and source records attributed to S Castellano.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources

5-aryl-imidazo[2,1-c][1,4]benzodiazepine derivatives as tricyclic constrained analogues of diazepam and Ro5-4864. Synthesis and binding properties at peripheral and central benzodiazepine receptors.

Four series of 5-aryl-imidazo[2,-c][1,4]benzodiazepine derivatives 1a-f, 2a-f, 3a-f, and 4a-f were synthesized and tested for their affinity at both the peripheral and central benzodiazepine receptors. Among the four series, only N-10 and C-11 sites were changed, mainly [N(CH3)-CO], [N=CH], [NH-CO], [NH-CH2], and in each series the halogen site was varied at the positions C-7, C-2', and C-4'. In particular, 10-methyl-benzodiazepinones 1a and 1b were designed as tricyclic constrained analogues of diazepam and Ro5-4864. All the tested compounds did not show significant binding activity at central benzodiazepine receptors, but relatively good PBzR binding affinities were found for 10-methyl-benzodiazepinone 1c and benzodiazepines 2b, c. Benzodiazepinones 3a-f were prepared by cyclization with 1,1'-carbonyldiimidazole of the corresponding 2-(aryl-imidazol-1-yl-methyl)-arylamines, obtained from the suitable (2-amino-aryl)-aryl-methanols with 1,1'-carbonyldiimidazole in different conditions. N-Alkylation of 3a-f to 1a-f was achieved using dimethylformamide-dimethylacetal. Reduction of 3a-f to 4a-f was accomplished with lithium aluminum hydride or borane and oxidation of 4a-f to 2a-f was performed with manganese (IV) oxide.

Adrenal Cortex↗

Evidence for B0 s-->phiphi decay and measurements of branching ratio and A(CP) for B+ -->phiK+.

We present the first evidence of charmless decays of the B(0)(s) meson, the decay B(0)(s)--> phiphi, and a measurement of the branching ratio BR(B(0)(s)--> phiphi) using 180 pb(-1) of data collected by the CDF II experiment at the Fermilab Tevatron collider. In addition, the BR and direct CP asymmetry for the B+-->phiK+ decay are measured. We obtain BR(B(0)(s)--> phiphi)=[14(+6)(-5)(stat)+/-6(syst)] x 10(-6), BR(B+-->phiK+)=[7.6+/-1.3(stat)+/-0.6(syst)] x 10(-6), and A(CP)(B+-->phiK+)= -0.07+/-0.17(stat)+0.03 / -0.02(syst). Both decays are governed in the standard model by second order (penguin) b-->s(-)ss amplitudes.

Journal Article↗

Systemic and topical corticosteroid treatment of oral lichen planus: a comparative study with long-term follow-up.

BACKGROUND: Topical corticosteroids are the mainstay treatment for oral lichen planus (OLP), but some authors suggest that systemic corticosteroid therapy is the only way to control acute presentation of OLP. METHODS: Forty-nine patients with histologically proven atrophic-erosive OLP were divided into two groups matched for age and sex. The test group (26 patients) was treated systemically with prednisone (50 mg/day), and afterwards with clobetasol ointment in an adhesive medium plus antimicotics, whereas the control group (23 patients) was only treated topically with clobetasol plus antimycotics. RESULTS: Complete remission of signs was obtained in 68.2% of the test group and 69.6% of the control group, respectively (P = 0.94). Similar results were obtained for symptoms. Follow-up showed no significant differences between the two groups. One-third of the patients of the test group versus none in the control group experienced systemic side-effects (P = 0.003). CONCLUSIONS: The most suitable corticosteroid therapy in the management of OLP is the topical therapy, which is easier and more cost-effective than the systemic therapy followed by topical therapy.

Administration, Oral↗

Synthesis of 11-aryl-5H-imidazo[2,1-c][1,4]benzodiazepines and their benzodiazepine and A1 adenosine binding activity.

In the context of a research program aimed at elucidating the properties of the 5H-imidazo[2,1-c][1.4]benzodiazepine system, a series of 11-aryl-5H-imidazo[2,1-c][1,4]benzodiazepines (3a-i) and their 10,11-dihydro-derivatives (4a-i) has been synthesized. The synthetic strategy includes the preparation of the aryl-[1-(2-nitrobenzyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]methanones (5a-i) followed by their reduction and subsequent cyclization. Affinities of compounds 3a-i and 4a-i for central benzodiazepine as well as for adenosine A1-receptors were determined by radioligand binding assays. Among the unsaturated analogues, the highest activity at both receptors is displayed by 1H-(2-thienyl) derivative 3e. The hydrogenated analogues 4a-i do not exhibit considerable binding affinity either for central benzodiazepine or for adenosine A1-receptors.

Animals↗

Unilateral fibroadipose degeneration of the masticatory muscles.

A unique case of fatty replacement of the masticatory muscles, causing progressive limitation of mouth opening, is presented. Both CT and MRI revealed an almost total substitution of the masticatory muscles with fatty tissue, confirmed by the histopathology at surgery. Myotomy of masseter and internal pterygoid muscles and coronoidotomy improved his symptoms. There is no known cause of fibroadipose replacement of muscle fibres.

Adipose Tissue↗

In silico identification of novel selenoproteins in the Drosophila melanogaster genome.

In selenoproteins, incorporation of the amino acid selenocysteine is specified by the UGA codon, usually a stop signal. The alternative decoding of UGA is conferred by an mRNA structure, the SECIS element, located in the 3'-untranslated region of the selenoprotein mRNA. Because of the non-standard use of the UGA codon, current computational gene prediction methods are unable to identify selenoproteins in the sequence of the eukaryotic genomes. Here we describe a method to predict selenoproteins in genomic sequences, which relies on the prediction of SECIS elements in coordination with the prediction of genes in which the strong codon bias characteristic of protein coding regions extends beyond a TGA codon interrupting the open reading frame. We applied the method to the Drosophila melanogaster genome, and predicted four potential selenoprotein genes. One of them belongs to a known family of selenoproteins, and we have tested experimentally two other predictions with positive results. Finally, we have characterized the expression pattern of these two novel selenoprotein genes.

Amino Acid Sequence↗

Comparison of the ADP-ribosylating thermozyme from Sulfolobus solfataricus and the mesophilic poly(ADP-ribose) polymerases.

The poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-like thermozyme purified from Sulfolobus solfataricus was characterised with respect to some physico-chemical properties. The archaeal protein exhibited a scarce electrophoretic mobility at both pH 2.9 and pH 7.5. Determination of the isoelectric point (pI=7.0-7.2) allowed us to understand the reason for the limited migration at pH 7.5, while amino acid composition analysis showed a moderate content of basic residues, which reduced mobility at pH 2.9. With respect to the charge, the archaeal enzyme behaved differently from the eukaryotic thermolabile poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase, described as a basic protein (pI=9.5). Well known inhibitors of the mesophilic polymerase like Zn(2+), nicotinamide and 3-aminobenzamide exerted a smaller effect on the enzyme from S. solfataricus, reducing the activity by at most 50%. Mg(2+) was a positive effector, although in a dose-dependent manner. It influenced the fluorescence spectrum of the archaeal protein, whereas NaCl had no effect.

Amino Acids↗

Antimycobacterial activity of ionic fullerene derivatives.

Positively charged fullerene derivatives, moderately soluble in water:DMSO 9:1, have been tested using three strains of Mycobacterium spp. Some compounds inhibit the growth of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, a human clinical isolate, particularly virulent and resistant, at doses as low as 5 microg/mL.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗

New structural analogues of Tubulozole induce apoptosis, [Ca2+]i modifications and cytoskeletal disorganization in glial (GL15) and neuronal-like (PC12) cell lines.

The synthesis and the biological activity of (+/-)-cis- and (+/-)-trans-[4-[[2-(1,1'-biphenyl-4-yl)-2-(1H-imidazol-1-ylmethyl)-1, 3-dioxolan-4-yl]methylthio]phenyl]carbamic acid ethyl esters (2a and 2b) are discussed. They were designed as structural analogues of Tubulozole, a synthetic tubulin polymerisation inhibitor with antimitotic properties. Biological tests were carried out on PC12, a neuronal-like cell line derived from rat pheochromocytoma, and on GL15, a cell line derived from human glioblastoma. The exposure (from 5 to 20 h) of GL15 and PC12 cells to different concentrations (0.1-1000 microM; IC50 approximately 1 microM) of 2a or 2b resulted in a drastic decrease in the number of viable cells without an apparent effect on the cell distribution in the various phases of the cell cycle. Compound 2a or 2b (10 microM) induced cell death by activating apoptosis. This was correlated with the activation of an oscillating Ca(2+)-dependent mechanism which increased the intracellular calcium concentration ([Ca2+]i) via Ca(2+)-release from internal stores. Moreover, 2a (10 microM) also induced severe damage of cytoskeletal F-actin filaments after a 5 h incubation in GL15 cells. This was also observed but to a smaller extent, for 2b. Under the same experimental conditions, PC12 cells showed similar actin deregulation.

Adrenal Gland Neoplasms↗

A new class of antifungal agents. Synthesis and antimycotic activity of disubstituted N-azolylamines.

In this study we extended our exploration of the N-azolylamine moiety for its antifungal activity. We prepared a number of N-azolylamino derivatives. The synthetic sequence includes the preparation of aminoazole Schiff bases, and the reduction and the alkylation of the corresponding secondary amines. The title compounds were evaluated in vitro against several pathogenic fungi responsible for human disease. The most potent antimicrobial compound was the N-(biphenyl-4-yl)methyl-N-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)methyl-1H-imidazol-l-yl amine (21), which was found to be active against yeasts and dermatophytes; its potency and selectivity were comparable to those of miconazole.

Amines↗

Azole antifungal agents related to naftifine and butenafine.

The methyl group of naftifine (1) and butenafine (2) was replaced by an azolic nucleus to obtain the new compounds 3-8 which exhibit the characteristics of both allylamine (or benzylamine) and azole antifungals. The title compounds were evaluated in vitro against several pathogenic fungi responsible for human disease. Among these, compounds 5, 6, and 8 were found to inhibit the growth of dermatophytes with a potency comparable to that of naftifine. The synthetic sequence includes the preparation of aminoazole Schiff bases, reduction, and alkylation of the corresponding secondary amines.

Allylamine↗

Stabilizing and directional female choice for male calls in the European green toad.

We analysed variation in three temporal (pulse rate, call and intercall duration) and one spectral (fundamental frequency) acoustic properties of the green toad's, Bufo viridis, advertisement call, at different levels, from the single bout of an individual to between populations. Independent of the level, pulse rate and fundamental frequency were less variable than intercall and call durations. The former were classified as static, the latter as dynamic properties of the signal. We analysed the effects of body size and temperature, assumed to represent, respectively, morphological and physiological constraints on the signals. Static properties were under strong constraints, either morphologically (fundamental frequency) or physiologically (pulse rate), whereas no significant effects of size and temperature were observed on dynamic properties. We used two-choice discrimination experiments to investigate females' preferences for call properties. Females preferred extreme to mean values of the dynamic properties, even when these fell above the typical range of variation of the population. In contrast, females had weak preferences for mean values, and for lower than average compared with higher than average values, of static properties. We discuss the hypothesis that static and dynamic call properties may convey different information to females: static properties may be important for species recognition, whereas dynamic properties may be important for mate selection.1998 The Association for the Study of Animal Behaviour

Journal Article↗

Systemic corticosteroid therapy of oral vesiculoerosive diseases (OVED). An open trial.

BACKGROUND: We report the preliminary findings from our open study on how to optimize the doses and the response times to systemic corticosteroid therapy for three forms of oral vesiculoerosive diseases (OVED). METHODS: All twenty-one patients enrolled in the study were affected with OVED (10 OLP, 6 MMP, 5 EM) and received different doses of prednisone in relation to the type of disease and its severity. Daily mouthwashes with 0.12% chlorhexidine and application of miconazole gel were added to the therapy; its response time to treatment varied individually, the doses were reduced only after 75% of lesions had cleared. RESULTS: The average response time to treatment was 28 days. Clinical assessment showed that 95% of the patients had improved, whereas 71% had complete remission of oral signs and 48% experienced side effects. The degree of clinical resolution was: 70% complete remission after 26 days of therapy in patients with OLP, 33% complete remission after 38 days in patients with MMP, and 100% complete remission after ten days in patients with EM. CONCLUSIONS: Although a preliminary study, initial results showed different types and times of response to systemic corticosteroid treatment for the three diseases. Our findings strongly suggest that a unified therapeutic protocol for different OVED is not advisable, nor can systemic treatment be considered the first therapeutic approach.

Adolescent↗

Quality control in mammography: an initiative in France.

The ultimate effectiveness of any mass screening campaign is directly related to strict compliance with certain rules and technical protocols designed for radiological installations. Concerning radiological screening, the primary technical objective is to ensure reproducibly high quality images at low radiation dose to the patient. This paper describes the methodology followed for the implementation of a quality control (QC) programme of 48 mammography installations used within the context of the breast cancer screening campaign in the Bas-Rhin region of eastern France. In order to demonstrate the efficacy of such a programme, results of QC tests and procedures relating to each element of the radiological imaging chain are presented and compared for four control visits carried out at 6 month intervals over a period of 2 years. A reduction of 50% (from 16 mGy to 7.5 mGy) of breast entrance doses (normalized to a breast thickness of 4.5 cm) and a significant improvement of detectability of high contrast details are discussed. The importance of encouraging an extension of a similar process to the other screening experiments currently underway in France is emphasized.

Aged↗

Influence of food on bioavailability of amdinocillin pivoxil.

The bioavailability of amdinocillin was not altered when amdinocillin pivoxil was ingested 1 h before a standard breakfast, and it increased by 20% when amdinocillin pivoxil was ingested with or 1 h after a standard breakfast. Amdinocillin pivoxil would be convenient for patients since it may be taken with or without food.

Administration, Oral↗

Pelvimetry by digital radiography.

We studied the ability of digital radiographs generated on a computed tomography scanner to replace conventional pelvimetry. Two digital radiographs were usually sufficient to measure the maternal pelvis. The antero-posterior (AP) digital radiograph allowed measurement of the transverse diameter of the pelvic inlet, the interspinous distance and the intertuberous diameter. These three distances were corrected for magnification after reference to the lateral digital radiograph. The lateral radiograph gives the AP diameter of the pelvic inlet and the low sagittal diameter. Dosimetry studies demonstrated that maternal skin doses and fetal gonad doses were very low. Pelvimetry using digital radiography is a simple procedure which offers the advantage of low radiation exposure to both fetus and mother and a high accuracy of measurement.

Female↗