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Biomedical subjects

S Cattaneo

Publications and source records attributed to S Cattaneo.

17 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2006

Intracranial haemorrhage in patients on antithrombotics: clinical presentation and determinants of outcome in a prospective multicentric study in Italian emergency departments.

BACKGROUND: Intracranial haemorrhage (ICH) is the type of stroke associated with the highest death rate, and about 30% of ICH occurs in patients on antithrombotic treatment. This study relates clinical presentations and outcome of ICH patients on oral anticoagulant (OA) or antiplatelet (AP) therapy admitted to 33 Italian emergency departments (ED). METHODS: Consecutive patients were enrolled after cranial computed tomography (CT). Primary outcome was the Modified Rankin Scale (MRS) score at 3 months of follow-up. Common descriptive statistics were computed after stratification for traumatic or spontaneous ICH and identification of the anatomical location of bleeding. Multivariate logistic regression was used to assess predictors of death. RESULTS: We recruited 434 patients on AP therapy and 232 on OA. There were 432 spontaneous and 234 traumatic ICH patients. The proportions of AP and OA patients undergoing neurosurgery were 21.8 and 19.4%, respectively, while < 30% underwent procoagulant medical treatment. At the 3-month follow-up, the case fatality rate was 42.0%, while disability or death (MRS 3-6) was 68.1%. The odds ratio for death in OA versus AP patients was 2.63 (95% CI 1.73-4.00) in the whole population and 2.80 (95% CI 1.77-4.41) in intraparenchymal event patients. Glasgow Coma Scale, age, spontaneous event and anticoagulant use were found to be predictors of death both in traumatic and spontaneous events. CONCLUSION: This study confirms the high prevalence of death or disability in OA and AP patients with ICH. As far as the determinants of mortality and disability are concerned, the results of this study might be useful in the clinical management and allocation of resources in the ED setting. The observed low use of procoagulant therapy highlights the need for ED educational programmes to heighten the awareness of available and effective haemostatic treatments.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed2001

Occurrence of galactosyl isomaltol and galactosyl beta-pyranone in commercial drinking milk.

Occurrence of galactosyl isomaltol (GAI) and galactosyl beta-pyranone (GAP), two advanced glycosylation end products arising from the Maillard reaction of lactose via 1-deoxyosone pathway, was studied in commercial drinking milk. Galactosyl isomaltol was extracted from milk spiked with this isomaltol glycoside avoiding usage of any deproteinizing agent and was determined by a sensitive and interference-free HPLC method. No quantifiable amount of GAI proved to be present in any type of drinking milk, suggesting that some data reported in literature arise from uncontrolled conversion of GAP into GAI. The standard molecule of GAP was produced by heating a model system containing lysine and [U-14C]lactose, purified by solid phase extraction (SPE) on a C18 cartridge eluting with water, separated by the inverse distance function (IDF) standard HPLC method specified for lactulose determination, and characterized by both spectroscopic data and tandem mass spectrometry. The behaviour of formation of GAP and GAI in model systems containing lysine and lactose, heated under conditions of in bottle sterilization of milk, was studied in a wide range of values of the molar ratio lysine to lactose. While GAP easily forms as soon as lysine is present in the system, GAI does not form below a value of 0.1 of this molar ratio, so explaining why this compound is not present in commercial drinking milk. Amounts of GAP varying from 0.04 to 43.1 mumol/l were found in the different types of drinking milk ranging from high temperature pasteurized to in bottle sterilized, proving that this compound is a stable and sensible marker for evaluating the extent of the advanced Maillard reaction, hence the heating severity of commercial drinking milk. Moreover, GAP can be determined after conversion into GAI under acid warm conditions with a yield of 0.5 mol GAI from 1 mol GAP. Values of GAP obtained on commercial milk samples either by the direct HPLC method or after conversion into GAI were rather comparable, but the latter method needs further study in view of routine application.

Animals↗
PubMed2001

Diazepam stimulates migration and phagocytosis of human neutrophils: possible contribution of peripheral-type benzodiazepine receptors and intracellular calcium.

In isolated human neutrophils, diazepam (10 nmol/l to 10 micromol/l) concentration-dependently increased migration and phagocytosis. Diazepam-induced migration and phagocytosis were inhibited by the peripheral benzodiazepine receptor (PBR) antagonist PK11195 (10 micromol/l). The PBR agonist Ro5-4864 (10 nmol/l to 10 micromol/l) did not affect migration but slightly enhanced phagocytosis, while clonazepam, which binds to the central-type benzodiazepine receptors but has no affinity for PBRs, was ineffective on both parameters up to 10 micromol/l. Phagocytosis induced by diazepam or Ro5-4864 was inhibited by the Ca2+ channel blocker L-verapamil (10 micromol/l), which however did not affect the action of diazepam on migration. Competition binding experiments performed by fluorescent staining of PBRs showed that diazepam directly interacts with PBRs on human neutrophils. Both diazepam and Ro5-4864 (10 nmol/l to 10 micromol/l) induced a rise of intracellular free Ca2+ concentrations ([Ca2+]i), which was inhibited by PK11195 (10 micromol/l) and L-verapamil (10 micromol/l) and prevented by extracellular Ca2+ chelation with EGTA (5 mmol/l). In conclusion, experimental evidence indicates that in human neutrophils diazepam stimulates both migration and phagocytosis through activation of PBRs. Diazepam-induced [Ca2+]i changes depend on a PBR-operated, L-verapamil-sensitive increase in the plasma membrane permeability and subsequent extracellular Ca2+ entry, and contribute to diazepam-induced phagocytosis. On the contrary, the effect of diazepam on migration seems to occur through Ca2+ -independent mechanisms.

Calcium↗
PubMed2000

Formation of protein bound lysine-derived galactosyl and glucosyl pyrroles in heated model systems.

Residues of lysine-substituted AGEs (advanced glycosylation end-products) arising from the Maillard reaction and containing the carbon backbone of lactose or maltose, thus deriving from 1-desoxy-ketose degradation, were produced when casein was heated in the presence of the corresponding U14C labelled disaccharides. The enzymatic hydrolysates of the washed casein were purified by SPE and submitted to HPLC on a C18 column flushed with diluted acetic acid. A specific chromatographic peak (lambda max, 288.1 nm; MW, 416.2 Da) with a different retention time was obtained for each disaccharide reacted. On the basis of the value of the specific radioactivity, the two compounds appeared to contain the whole carbon backbone of the parent sugar. Analyses by MS/MS and NMR performed on the same two compounds extracted at preparative scale from lysine-lactose and lysine-maltose model systems allowed the structure assignment of 6-[2-acetyl-3-(beta-D-galactopyranosyloxy)-1-pyrrolyl] 2-amino hexanoic acid and 6-[2-acetyl-3-(alpha-D-glucopyranosyloxy)-1-pyrrolyl] 2-amino hexanoic acid, respectively. Both compounds submitted to enzymatic deglycosylation by specific alpha- or beta-glucosidases produced the lysine-derived acetyl pyrrole 6-(2-acetyl-3-hydroxy-1-pyrrolyl) 2-amino hexanoic acid (lambda max, 288.1 nm; MW, 254.1 Da). Galactosyl- and glucosyl-isomaltoles, extracted from the lysine-containing systems, identified with the reference molecules and heated in the presence of lysine under slightly alkaline conditions, gave the expected lysine-derived glycosyl pyrroles as identified above. The HPLC conditions were optimized by adjusting the composition of the eluting solvent and temperature of the column to achieve the best separation and identification of the AGEs in mixtures such as foods with possible interfering molecules like Trp and lysyl pyrrole aldehyde. Because of the reported presence of the two precursors isomaltol glycosydes in some foods, the corresponding lysine-derived glycosyl pyrroles can occur as both protein bound and in free form.

Caseins↗
PubMed2000

Diazepam-binding inhibitor-derived peptides induce intracellular calcium changes and modulate human neutrophil function.

We studied the effects of two diazepam-binding inhibitor (DBI)-derived peptides, triakontatetraneuropeptide (DBI 17-50, TTN) and eiksoneuropeptide (DBI 51-70, ENP), on cytosolic free Ca2+ concentrations ([Ca2+]i), chemotaxis, superoxide anion (O2-) generation, and phagocytosis in human neutrophils. Both TTN and ENP induced a rapid and transient rise of [Ca2+]i. The effect of TTN depended on the presence of extracellular Ca2+, whereas the effect of ENP also persisted after extracellular Ca2+ chelation. TTN induced neutrophil chemotaxis, stimulated O2- generation, and enhanced phagocytosis. ENP did not affect cell migration and oxidative metabolism but enhanced phagocytosis. Both peptides modulated N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine- and phorbol myristate acetate-induced O2- generation. Because neutrophils express benzodiazepine receptors of the peripheral type (pBRs) and DBI-derived peptides may interact with such receptors, we investigated the possible role of pBRs in TTN- or ENP-induced effects. The synthetic pBR ligand RO 5-4864 increased [Ca2+]i through extracellular Ca2+ influx and this effect was prevented by the pBR antagonist PK-11195. RO 5-4864, however, was ineffective on neutrophil migration and O2- generation and only slightly affected phagocytosis. Moreover, PK-11195 delayed the [Ca2+]i rise induced by TTN but did not significantly affect its extent, and had no effect on the [Ca2+]i rise induced by ENP. We conclude that DBI-derived peptides induce [Ca2+]i changes and modulate neutrophil function mainly through pBR-independent pathways. In view of the wide cell and tissue distribution of DBI in the brain and in peripheral organs, modulation of neutrophil function by DBI-derived peptides may be relevant for both the neuroimmune network and the development and regulation of the inflammatory processes.

Antineoplastic Agents↗
PubMed1999

Neutrophil function and opioid receptor expression on leucocytes during chronic naltrexone treatment in humans.

We report that neutrophil function was impaired in former heroin addicts on chronic naltrexone maintenance. Of the subjects, 62.5% had elevated plasma ACTH, 25% had elevated plasma cortisol and one subject had increased urinary cortisol. All subjects showed enhanced expression of opioid receptors on monocytes, neutrophils and lymphocytes. In vitro, incubation with therapeutically relevant concentrations of naltrexone induced a slow increase of neutrophil cytoplasmatic free Ca(2+)concentrations ([Ca(2+)]()E2>i) and slowed down the [Ca(2+)]()E2>i rise induced by N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine. Neither naltrexone nor its metabolite beta-naltrexol affected human neutrophil function in vitro. We conclude that impairment of neutrophil function during chronic naltrexone may be related to opioid receptor overexpression. With this regard, the possible role of naltrexone-induced [Ca(2+)]()E2>i changes deserves further investigation. 1999 Academic Press.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1999

Drain-site tumour recurrence after laparotomy resection for colorectal cancer.

We report a case of drain-site tumour recurrence 2 years after right colon resection for adenocarcinoma of the ascending colon. A large number of case reports concerning port-site tumour recurrences after laparoscopic procedures have been reported. However, post-laparotomy incision site cancer recurrence is considered a rare occurrence.

Abdominal Muscles↗
PubMed1993

Evaluation of hollow and full stems implanted in the rabbit tibia: preliminary results.

Full and hollow stems were implanted in the right and left tibiae of five rabbits to study the effects of the implant shape on revascularization and remodelling of the bone after 6 months. No significant difference of periosteal and endosteal circumference was observed when the left and right tibiae of each group were compared. Medullary area was, not surprisingly, significantly smaller in the full stem implanted tibiae. The cortical bone area result was significantly higher in the hollow stem group. In hollow stems, vessels were present both inside and outside the implant with connections through the holes of the implant. The observed differences of cortical bone area can be explained in terms of increased vascular spaces inside the cortical bone of full stem implanted tibiae. This supports the hypothesis that hollow implants provide more space for medullary revascularization and are consequently capable of inducing less endosteal remodelling. Cementless prostheses rely for mechanical fixation on a large interface of the implant with bone. Two factors, i.e. revascularization of the medullary canal and stiffness of the stem, can have a relevant effect on the quality of interface. This non-weight-bearing model suggests the relevance of vascular factors.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Plasma androgens in women with hyperprolactinaemic amenorrhoea.

Cortisol, androstenedione, testosterone, dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate (DHAS) and free dehydroepiandrosterone (DHA) were measured in plasma of ten women affected by amenorrhoea with hyperprolactinaemia and eleven women affected by secondary hypothalamic amenorrhoea; twelve normal women at the second day of the menstrual cycle were used as controls. All subjects were hospitalized and 17-ketosteroids, 17OH-corticosteroids and total dehydroepiandrosterone were also measured in urine. Plasma DHAS was increased in all subjects affected by amenorrhoea with hyperprolactinaemia, while plasma DHA and urinary DHA were significantly increased in this group in comparison to other groups. Plasma cortisol, androstenedione and testosterone and urinary 17-oxosteroids and 17OH-corticosteroids were not significantly differnt in the three groups. In subjects affected by amenorrhoea with hyperprolactinaemia treated with bromocriptine a clear decrease of DHAS correlating with a decrease of plasma prolactin was observed. Since in wome DHAS sems to be almost exclusively secreted by the adrenal gland and most of the circulating DHA is dervied from adrenal secretion, these data suggest that human prolactin can stimulate DHAS production by the adrenal cortex.

Adrenal Cortex↗
PubMed1975

A rapid radioimmunoassay for determination of dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate in human plasma.

A rapid radioimmunoassay for the determination of dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate (DHEA-S) in diluted human plasma is described. The radioimmunoassay is performed using an antiserum to DHEA-3-hemisuccinate-BSA. A charcoal-dextran mixture is used for separation of the bound from the free fraction. The reliability criteria of the method in terms of precision, accuracy, sensitivity and specificity have been evaluated. The mean level of DHEA-S in plasma samples from normal men (age range 24-37) is 241-5+/-72-5 mug/dl. In normal premenopausal women the highest values are in the second third of the menstrual cycle (corresponding to the ovulatory phase). In normal old men (age range 64-86) and in post-menopausal women (age range 55-88) the mean values are, respectively, 51-9+/-33-8 and 53-8+/-34-0. The DHEA-S levels found in several cases of adreno-cortical disorders are reported. In primary adrenal insufficiency and in Cushing's syndrome due to adrenal adenoma or bilateral multinodular hyperplasia low values are found; in Cushing's syndrome due to bilateral adrenal hyperplasia normal values are usually found.

Adenoma↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Ultrasonographic detection of portal branches and hepatic vein gas associated with mesenteric artery occlusion: a new finding correlated with patient prognosis?

The diagnosis of bowel infarction is still a challenge. In some cases, portal venous gas is an associated feature and in these patients, the prognosis is very poor. We report on our experience with two consecutive cases in which ultrasonography showed gas in the portal venous branches, and also in the hepatic veins in one of them. At laparotomy, advanced bowel necrosis was found, and both patients died within 24 hours. Other cases of portal venous gas associated with bowel infarction have been reported, but this is the first report of gas also being found in the hepatic veins. There may be a relationship between the amount of gas in the intrahepatic veins and the stage of bowel ischemia. Confirmation of this might improve the selection of patients and eliminate unnecessary procedures.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Surface EMG evaluation of quadriceps femoris muscle in hemiplegic patients.

The method applied consists of evaluating the power spectra of the electromyographic (EMG) surface signal obtained during maximal isometric effort of the quadriceps femoris muscle. In hemiplegic patients it is possible to observe a particular frequency distribution towards the lowest values of the range considered. This trend might be accounted for by the morphological and enzyme- histochemical studies on the quadriceps femoris showing a selective atrophy of type 2 fibers. During rehabilitation treatment, however, it is imperative to consider parameters such as muscle strength changes and frequency values preferentially activated during the isometric effort (time-course). Observation of the pattern of the power spectra time-course therefore seems to contribute to a better view of the rehabilitation strategies suitable for exploiting the residual motor abilities.

Cerebrovascular Disorders↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The failed back syndrome.

In vertebral surgery we frequently observe patients who complain of lumbar pain at intervals of time which vary after surgery. The causes that may involve the persistence or the recurrence of these symptoms are many, after both decompression surgery, and spinal fusion. In order to favor a more rapid and accurate diagnosis, in our clinical we use a diagnostic algorithm based on the time at which the symptoms occurred. The most modern radiodiagnostic methods allow for a more accurate preoperative diagnosis and a more accurate diagnosis of the pathologies capable of perpetuating or re-accentuating lumbar pain postsurgery.

Algorithms↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The surgical treatment of trauma of the cervical spine. C3-C7 lesions.

The surgical treatment of trauma in the C3-C7 region must obtain three goals: preservation of life, preservation or restitution of good neurological function, and achievement of stabilization that allows for early rehabilitation. In our experience we have come to believe that the goals set out to be achieved may be obtained if a correct anatomical-pathological classification of the lesion and the mechanism that caused trauma are kept clear: these premises are necessary for the choice of treatment and, consequently, the most suitable route of access.

Bone Plates↗