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Biomedical subjects

S Childs

Publications and source records attributed to S Childs.

29 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1993

Randomized double-blind trial of high- and low-dose fleroxacin versus norfloxacin for complicated urinary tract infection.

Patients were entered in a double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicenter study to compare low- and high-dose fleroxacin with norfloxacin for the treatment of complicated urinary tract infection (UTI). A total of 296 patients were enrolled; 102, 97, and 97 patients were randomized to receive 200 mg of fleroxacin (low-dose), 400 mg of fleroxacin (high-dose), both once daily, or 400 mg of norfloxacin twice daily, respectively, for 10 days. Of these patients, 101, 94, and 95 were included in the safety analysis, and 71, 61, and 58 in the efficacy analysis. The main reason for exclusion from the efficacy analysis was failure to isolate a pathogen at baseline. The groups were comparable with respect to demographics. In the low-dose fleroxacin group, 68 (96%) of 71 patients had bacteriologic cures (eight with superinfection), compared with 56 (92%) of 61 in the high-dose fleroxacin group (two with superinfection) and 52 (90%) of 58 in the norfloxacin group (four with superinfection). Escherichia coli was the most frequent isolate in all groups. In the low-dose fleroxacin group, clinical cure was recorded in 61 (86%) of 71, improvement in six, and failure in four. In the high-dose group, clinical cure was noted in 58 (95%) of 61 patients, improvement in two, and failure in one. In the norfloxacin group, 50 (86%) of 58 patients were clinically cured, four were improved, and four failed. Clinical adverse events were reported by 22 (22%) of 101, 36 (38%) of 94, and 19 (20%) of 95 patients in the low-dose fleroxacin, high-dose fleroxacin, and norfloxacin groups, respectively. Insomnia and nausea were reported most frequently in the fleroxacin groups, and nausea and headache were most common in the norfloxacin group. The efficacy and safety of low-dose fleroxacin are comparable to those of norfloxacin for treatment of complicated UTI.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

P-glycoprotein genes in the winter flounder, Pleuronectes americanus: isolation of two types of genomic clones carrying 3' terminal exons.

In mammals, P-glycoprotein (P-gp) is encoded by two or more highly conserved genes that differ in their abilities to transport drugs. One isoform class (class I) is consistently associated with the multidrug resistance phenotype, while the other (class III) is not. This study was designed to enumerate the P-gp genes in fish and determine how they are related to the two functional classes already defined in mammals. Southern blot analysis using a conserved single exon from the 3' terminal region of hamster P-gp cDNA (pEX1-172) as a probe indicated that there were two P-gp genes in right-eye flounders. Subsequently, two sets of clones were isolated from a winter flounder genomic library that correspond to the 3' ends of the two flounder P-gp genes. Sequence analysis was done on two key areas: the 3' ATP binding site and the 3' terminal exon, both of which were found to be homologous with their mammalian counterparts. Despite high levels of sequence identity in the predicted coding regions of the gene fragments it has not been possible to use these sequences to relate the homologs to particular mammalian classes of P-gp genes, perhaps because of gene conversion between mammalian P-gp genes. These cloned sequences are the first set of P-gp genes reported in lower vertebrates and will be useful for delineating the expression of P-gp genes in fish and understanding the role of P-gp in fish physiology.

ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Mem↗
PubMed1984

Ceftriaxone in the prevention of postoperative infection in patients undergoing transurethral resection of the prostate.

One hundred twenty-nine patients undergoing transurethral resection of the prostate were treated preoperatively with either 1 g of ceftriaxone or placebo in a double-blind, randomized study. Sixty-three patients received placebo and 66 received ceftriaxone. Postoperative urinary tract infections developed in eight placebo-treated patients, for a 12.7 percent failure rate, compared with two ceftriaxone-treated patients, for a 3 percent failure rate. The difference in rates of infection was statistically significant (p less than 0.05). No adverse effects due to treatment were noted. The high rate of postoperative infection in the placebo-treated group indicates that maintenance of sterility during and after this operative procedure is a problem. A single 1 g prophylactic preoperative dose of ceftriaxone was safe and efficacious in reducing the rate of postoperative infection after transurethral resection of the prostate.

Cefotaxime↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Avascular necrosis of the bone: the causes and the cures.

Injury to bone directly or indirectly influenced by the pathophysiologic effects of ischemia or various disease processes can have sensitive and dramatic effects upon intraosseous microvascular structures. The femoral head is a common area affected by avascular necrosis. The causes, cures, and staging management of this microcirculatory phenomenon will be presented.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Finger injury.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Emergency Nursing↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Acute ankle injury.

Acute ankle injury is a problem observed in people performing daily and work activities as well as in the athlete. The ankle is the most commonly injured joint in the body. Understanding the anatomy and mechanism of injury facilitates evaluation, diagnosis, and management. Evaluation, diagnostic imaging, and treatment options are presented. Most injuries can be managed conservatively in the primary care setting. A systematic approach to ankle evaluation can differentiate between injuries requiring orthopedic referral and those that can be managed by the nurse practitioner.

Acute Disease↗