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Biomedical subjects

S Clayton

Publications and source records attributed to S Clayton.

10 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1991

Gender differences in psychosocial determinants of adolescent smoking.

Because of the social meaning smoking has acquired and because of different trends in male and female initiation rates, it is reasonable to suspect that different psychosocial factors predict smoking in teen-age boys and girls. A literature review revealed external pressures such as peer and parental smoking are important for both boys and girls though their influence may be moderated differentially by age and type of smoking behavior assessed. Some data support the hypothesis that female smoking is associated with self-confidence, social experience, and rebellion, whereas male smoking is associated with social insecurity. Overall, group differences such as gender and socioeconomic status are well-documented in terms of smoking prevalence but underexplored in the area of psychosocial predictors. In this review, gender differences have been documented with sufficient frequency to warrant further attention to develop gender specific components of smoking prevention programs.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

A multisectoral approach to primary health care in Fujian, China.

The government of Yongan in Fujian province has developed a multisectoral primary health care program in the rural community of Dahu with the aim of reaching "Health for All" by 1993. In keeping with the spirit of the Alma Ata declaration and the tradition of local self-reliance in China, the program has involved the entire community and is financed almost exclusively at the local level. Community leaders were trained in the importance of primary health care so that they could serve as role models. The project includes school health education, domestic hygiene education, reconstruction of homes to separate the kitchen, toilet and animals pens, road construction to eliminate dust, environmental sanitation, occupational health, and the upgrading of health care facilities. A number of local ordinances regarding construction, zoning and smoking have also been instituted. The results of the project's first year of implementation in two villages indicate that construction of the new road is near completion, and access to clean water is almost universal. Gains are also reported in the percentage of the population receiving physical examinations, the number of health stations that now meet state standards, and the number of homes that are constructed according to the new guidelines.

China↗
PubMed1978

Comparison of intermittent with continuous peritoneal dialysis.

Our experience with 41 patients on CAPD is presented (127 patient months). Thirty-three patients were previously on intermittent peritoneal dialysis. We used 4 exchanges of 2 L each per 24 hours (8, 6, 6 and 4 hours dwell times). There was a dramatic fall in serum creatinine of 27%, BUN fell 22%, total CO2 rose 15%. Haemoglobin rose 10% and serum albumin fell by 5%. The incidence of peritonitis was one episode per 7.1 patient months. All patients noted an increase in well being. There were almost no dietary restrictions and patients gained real body weight. In most instances, their antihypertensive medication could be discontinued. This technique is superior to all the other forms of peritoneal dialysis.

Adult↗