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Biomedical subjects

S Coffman

Publications and source records attributed to S Coffman.

14 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1995

Patterns of injury in pediatric patients in one Florida community and implications for prevention programs.

OBJECTIVES: To meet community needs, injury prevention programs for children should be based on an understanding of the patterns of different mechanisms of injury. This study was conducted by the staff of a level II pediatric trauma center to describe the patterns of injury in pediatric patients with traumatic injuries. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective review of medical records of all 184 pediatric "trauma alert" patients seen during a 1-year period. The trauma alert status is assigned to children with serious injuries or when the mechanism of injury is severe. Data analysis used descriptive statistics. RESULTS: Pedestrian-versus-automobile injuries were the most common and most severe injuries, followed in frequency by falls, motor vehicle occupant, and bicycle-versus-automobile injuries. Younger children tended to have injuries as a result of falls; school-age children were involved more often in pedestrian and bicycle injuries, and adolescents had more motor vehicle occupant injuries. Failure to use safety devices, such as helmets and seat belts, was a common finding. DISCUSSION: Patterns of injury were similar to those described in national studies. An extensive helmet campaign directed at child bicyclists was developed as a result of the priorities generated from the study. Other community programs included bicycle rodeos and a mix-off of nonalcoholic beverages.

Accident Prevention↗
PubMed1995

Infant-mother attachment: relationships to maternal responsiveness and infant temperament.

The purpose of this study was to explore the relationships between maternal responsiveness, infant temperament, and infant-mother attachment as measured in Ainsworth's Strange Situation. Discriminant analysis revealed that infant temperament was more strongly related to attachment than maternal responsiveness. Infants rated as Anxious-Avoidant in attachment were perceived by their mothers as significantly easier in temperament. Possible explanations for findings and implications for nurses working with infants and parents are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

The experience of struggle, freedom, and growth.

The philosophy contains both constraints and freedoms. Loss of the minority view was expressed as a struggle. Molding to fit the dominant view led to a sense of connectedness. Individuals living within the faculty circle sought both to maintain their own views and to recognize and support the needs of the group. From this struggle, feelings of freedom and growth emerged, as well as respect and support for others. Nevertheless, at the point in time captured by this study, respect for individuals was easier to achieve than respect for the diversity of ideas. In truth, these cannot be separated, and so the struggle to understand and live the philosophy is an ongoing process.

Curriculum↗
PubMed1989

The emergency department diagnosis of Trichomonas vaginitis.

Trichomonas vaginalis is a common cause of vaginitis in emergency department patient populations. While the diagnosis of this condition is usually on the basis of wet-mount microscope slide preparations, other diagnostic technology exists. We studied the accuracy of the traditional wet-mount technique as compared with detection using direct immunofluorescence and culture techniques in ED patients with the presenting complaint of vaginal discharge. Of 157 patients evaluated, the wet-mount technique detected 27 cases of Trichomonas, compared with 35 cases diagnosed by direct immunofluorescence and 52 cases detected by culture. This represents a false-negative rate for the wet-mount technique of 51%; the false-negative rates for direct immunofluorescence and culture technique were 36% and 5%, respectively. Our study suggests that the wet-mount technique is relatively insensitive in the detection of Trichomonas vaginitis.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Personal and professional support for mothers of NICU and healthy newborns.

Personal support provided by close social network members and professional support provided by nurses were studied in 83 postpartum mothers and newborns in neonatal intensive care units and newborn nurseries. Mothers perceived each type of support differently in terms of outcomes. Only personal support was significantly related to emotional affect and life satisfaction outcomes. Both personal and professional support were related to relationship satisfaction outcomes. Findings suggest that personal support and professional support be treated as separate concepts.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Temperament and interactive effects: mothers and infants in a teaching situation.

Temperament is a theoretical concept used to understand individual's behavioral styles. In this study, temperament was measured in 13-month-old infants (N = 51) and their mothers, who were also observed together in a teaching situation. The purpose of the study was to determine the relationships between maternal and infant temperaments and interactive behaviors in the teaching situation. Mothers were given 10 minutes to teach infants four tasks designed to assess qualitative aspects of the interaction. In general, the interaction between mother and infant had a synchronous quality that was influenced by, but largely independent of, the temperamental characteristics of mother and infant. Responsive maternal teaching behaviors were significantly related to positive infant affect during teaching. Weak relationships were found between the temperament variables and interactive behaviors in the teaching situation. When mothers and infants were matched on temperament characteristics, no effects of matching temperaments on interactive behaviors in the teaching situation were found. These findings suggest that mothers are able to adjust their behaviors to compensate for their infant's temperament. Based on these data, nurses can focus on the dynamics of the interactions themselves and avoid making judgments based on temperament alone when evaluating mother-infant relationships.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Parent and infant attachment: review of nursing research 1981-1990.

PURPOSE: To determine what research information on attachment and bonding is available to nurses. METHOD: A critical review was conducted for 26 studies on attachment and bonding published between 1981-1990. FINDINGS: Studies had strength in their consideration of multiple factors hypothesized to influence attachment and bonding. However, methodological concerns are raised about validity of designs and tools. CONCLUSIONS: Nurses involved in clinical practice and research would benefit by clarifying their conceptions of attachment and bonding. Nurses can broaden their assessment base, including fathers' as well as mothers' perspectives, verbal and nonverbal behaviors, cultural differences, and interchange in the parent-infant relationship.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Children describe life after Hurricane Andrew.

Hurricane Andrew, which devastated the south Florida coast in August 1992, left over 250,000 people homeless with multiple health and social problems. This nursing study explored the experiences of 17 children, ages 5 through 12, who lived in the geographic area of storm damage. Common experiences described by the children included remembering the storm, dealing with after-effects, and reestablishing a new life. In general, children described a sense of strangeness, articulated as "life is weird" after the hurricane. In addition to stressful responses, many positive reactions were described by children in the study, revealing that the disaster also had a maturing effect.

Adaptation, Psychological↗