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Biomedical subjects

S Cohen

Publications and source records attributed to S Cohen.

At least 631 records · Page 35Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

'Rush' type retinopathy of prematurity: report of three cases.

Three premature infants observed to develop severe stage III retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) at 3 to 5 weeks of age received immediate treatment by cryoablation and photocoagulation, with good results. The critical importance of the ophthalmic examination of premature babies from the age of 2 weeks, so as not to overlook such cases of 'rush' type ROP is stressed and the difficulty involved in treating such small neonates is discussed.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1987

Responses of feline gastroesophageal junction to changes in abdominal pressure.

The responses of the lower esophageal sphincter (LES), stomach, and diaphragm and their contribution to changes in the high-pressure zone (HPZ) at the gastroesophageal junction were determined during extrinsic abdominal compression or intragastric balloon distension in anesthetized cats. Abdominal compression consistently induced an increase in intraluminal end-expiratory LES and gastric pressure (P less than 0.01). Changes in LES pressure significantly exceeded the changes in gastric pressure (P less than 0.01). In contrast, the LES response during gastric distension was variable in the group of animals despite a consistent volume-dependent increase in gastric pressure. Mean LES pressure for the group was unchanged, although 33% of individual animals exhibited a decrease in LES pressure during gastric distension. Both abdominal stimuli induced sustained inhibition of crural (P less than 0.01), but not costal, diaphragmatic electromyographic activity. Vagotomy affected the LES but not the gastric or diaphragmatic responses to both stimuli. In the group of animals, the combined effect of the changes in the three measured variables on the HPZ resulted in maintenance of the antireflux barrier during abdominal compression but a significant decrease in the barrier during gastric distension.

Abdomen↗
PubMed1987

Hemodynamic regulation in SHR: investigation by spectral analysis.

This work is based on the premise that hypertension in the spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR) is a consequence of an imbalance in autonomic cardiovascular control. Spontaneous, instantaneous fluctuations in heart rate (HR) and arterial blood pressure (ABP) were studied by spectral analysis in age-matched groups of SHR and normotensive Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats. Continuous recordings of ABP and HR made in conscious, unrestrained, young 1-, 2-, 3-, and 6-mo-old rats show that power spectra of HR fluctuations were similar in both strains, whereas ABP fluctuations were significantly different in the low, presumably vasomotor frequency range being reduced in SHR as compared with age-matched WKY rats. In 1-mo-old rats, the difference between strains became smaller with urethan anesthesia and disappeared with spinalization, suggesting that it might have originated in some disparity between the strains at the level of the central nervous system. Low doses of phentolamine elicited a fall in low-frequency ABP fluctuations of WKY but a rise in SHR, whereas larger doses produced a fall in the power of both. In SHR, reduction in the power spectrum of ABP fluctuations in the presence of unaltered HR fluctuations may indicate an impaired control of sympathetic drive to resistance vessels compared with WKY. Note that in young SHR, hypertension also cannot be detected by conventional measurement. Fluctuations in ABP in WKY may reflect an optimal level of sympathetic activity; reduction in fluctuations may be associated with an increase or decrease in sympathetic activity at the vascular bed.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Effect of exposing mice to 50 ATA helium pressure at different stages of pregnancy.

Pregnant T-O mice were exposed to 50 ATA He-O2 pressure for 4 days at different stages of gestation: 4-7, 6-9, and 9-12 days gestation. Controls were exposed to 1 atmosphere absolute (ATA) air. After the exposure period, pregnancy continued until 18 days gestation when the mice were killed and autopsied. Data were collected relating to the litters and placentas (Litter size, percent resorptions, placental weight, fetal-to-placental ratio) and fetuses (weight, crown-rump length, sex, skeletal abnormalities) and analyzed using analysis of variance. Results showed a small but significant increase in the percent resorptions in the pressure group and also a decrease in crown-rump length and placental weight. None of these changes were related to the stage of gestation in which the mice were exposed. No teratogenic effects of pressure were seen. We conclude that exposure to 50 ATA He-O2 during pregnancy in mice produces a small nonselective effect on fetal growth and development but does not affect any specific event taking place during these stages of embryogenesis.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Adjunctive benzodiazepines in acute schizophrenia.

An open clinical trial was conducted on an unlocked ward investigating the use of benzodiazepines as adjunctive therapy with neuroleptics in managing acute exacerbation of chronic schizophrenia. Seventeen patients meeting DSM-III criteria for this disorder were treated. Patient response was monitored with use of the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale and Beigel Mania Rating Scale. Our results indicate that those patients who received greater than 2 mg lorazepam equivalents daily had greater improvement at 4 days of treatment in comparison to those who received less than 2 mg lorazepam equivalents daily.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Intraocular involvement of Burkitt's lymphoma in a Bedouin child.

A child with a B-cell lymphoma with extensive abdominal disease responded to high doses of chemotherapy. One month later, eye and central nervous system recurrence developed. Intraocular involvement was documented by diagnostic vitrectomy. Differential diagnosis and therapy are discussed.

Abdominal Neoplasms↗
PubMed1987

A case of nonneuroleptic malignant syndrome.

Neuroleptic malignant syndrome is a diagnosis that has been reported with increasing frequency in recent years. We report the case of a patient who was not treated with a neuroleptic but in whom a syndrome identical to neuroleptic malignant syndrome developed. The case highlights the overuse of and the confusion about the diagnosis of the syndrome.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Pharmacological management of manic psychosis in an unlocked setting.

There has been a resurgence in the past few years of exploring alternative pharmacological agents in the management of manic psychosis. An open clinical trial was conducted on an unlocked ward investigating the use of benzodiazepines as adjunctive therapy with lithium or carbamazepine, with some of the patients also receiving neuroleptics. Twelve patients meeting DSM-III criteria for bipolar affective disorder, manic type, were treated. Patient response was monitored with use of the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale and the Biegel Mania Rating Scale. The patients all had moderately severe illness upon initiation of the trial. Results indicate that those patients who received benzodiazepines alone were among the better responders, and that when used in combination with neuroleptics, the dose of each drug was quite small. Minimal side effects were noted with this regimen. Our preliminary results suggest that benzodiazepines may be useful as adjunctive treatment in the management of patients with bipolar affective disorder, manic type.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1987

Cetirizine effects on objective measures of daytime sleepiness and performance.

Sixty healthy men and women with no sleep complaints, 21 to 45 years of age (mean age 28), were randomly assigned to one of five parallel groups that received one of the following: cetirizine 5 mg (n = 13), 10 mg (n = 13), or 20 mg (n = 11); hydroxyzine 25 mg (n = 12); or placebo (n = 11). After one adaptation night in the lab, the subjects' sleep patterns were recorded from 2300 to 0730 hours. Subjects were in bed during this period. When they awoke at 0730, a test agent was administered according to double-blind technique. Multiple Sleep Latency Tests (MSLT: 20-minute opportunities to fall asleep in bed while EEG and eye movements are recorded) were given at two-hour intervals throughout the day, and a 30-minute vigilance performance test was given at 1000 and 1600 hours. Subjects receiving cetirizine in doses of 5 to 20 mg did not differ from placebo controls in any objective or subjective measure of daytime alertness. Subjects receiving hydroxyzine were significantly more sedated and showed slower reaction times than the placebo control group for at least four hours after treatment. Self-rated feelings of sleepiness, impairment, and fatigue did not differ significantly between groups. This suggests that hydroxyzine subjects may not have been aware of their sleepiness and slower reaction times.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Evaluation of diagnostic accuracy in the clinical setting.

The admission diagnoses of 183 patients seen in the Emergency Room by 14 residents in surgery were compared with the discharge diagnoses of the same patients. The degree of accuracy of the admission diagnosis was rated by an experienced surgeon on a 0 to 4 scale for each patient, and the average diagnostic accuracy score was calculated for each resident. The residents' scores ranged from 2.0-3.3 (mean 2.6). The average diagnostic accuracy score was shown to be a discriminative measure. It correlated significantly with the quality of the initial diagnostic hypotheses, as measured by a written open-ended clinical simulation, but not with the success of the residents on the remaining parts of the written clinical simulation, with their peer and preceptor ratings, nor with the length of their training prior to testing.

Abdomen↗
PubMed1987

Substrate requirements for the isolation and purification of thymic epithelial cells.

Cultures of thymic epithelial cells were initiated and maintained in vitro using surfaces coated with different substrates. The substrates we compared were plastic commercially treated for tissue culture, plastic coated with gelatin, and plastic coated with Cell-TakTM, a new commercially available cell and tissue adhesive. Cell-TakTM-treated plates provided the best environment for isolation and purification of this cell type as judged by lack of fibroblast contamination, growth rate, and cell morphology.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

[Double-contrast colonic radiography. Comparative, randomized study of 4 colon preparations].

Since diagnostic value of double contrast colon imaging is dependent on the colon preparation used, tolerance and efficacy of 4 colon preparations were evaluated by a simple-blind, comparative, randomized study in 185 outpatients. Colon preparation involves variable combinations of 3 means: residue-free diet, laxatives and wash-out enemas. Principal criteria were evaluated under blind conditions by the same investigator during all examinations, with quantitative rating by segment (left, transverse and right colon) of adherence and colon cleanliness, and global assessment of quality of preparation. The 4 groups were comparable: mean age 44.7 years, sex ratio (male/female) 51.3%. Tolerance and compliance were elevated without significant inter-group differences. The colon preparations studied did not allow a homogeneous preparation to be obtained throughout the colon, efficacy in left colon being superior to right colon, whatever the method used. Analysis of cleanliness and adherence by segment failed to show significant differences between procedures, probably related to weak differences in their effectiveness and the strict nature of the study. The use of a global criterion tended to show value of wash-out enemas as a routine procedure, whether in outpatients or in the Radiology department.

Adolescent↗