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Biomedical subjects

S Colagiuri

Publications and source records attributed to S Colagiuri.

53 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

Conventional and sprinkler needle injection of magnesium insulin.

Currently available short-acting insulin preparations fail to mimic the postprandial insulin profile of non-diabetic individuals. The activity of a novel insulin designed for faster absorption has been tested after subcutaneous injection. Magnesium insulin (50 U ml-1) given by sprinkler needle was compared with unmodified human insulin (100 U ml-1) given by conventional needle and unmodified human insulin (50 U ml-1) given by sprinkler needle in normal volunteers using a euglycaemic clamp. Magnesium insulin had a significantly faster onset of action resulting in a higher exogenous insulin level by 15 min, peak level was reached after 60 min compared with 75 min for the unmodified insulins, and duration of action was significantly shorter than both unmodified insulins. No significant differences were observed between the unmodified insulins for the first 5 h after injection, indicating that the observed differences to magnesium insulin could not be attributed to the insulin concentration or the type of needle used for insulin administration. Injection of magnesium insulin prior to a test breakfast in people with Type 2 diabetes resulted in significantly lower total and 0 to 120 min areas under the glucose curve, an earlier rise in exogenous insulin levels and a higher area under the insulin curve from 0 to 120 min compared with unmodified 100 U ml-1 human insulin.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Sensori-motor function in older persons with diabetes.

Twenty-five persons with diabetes (aged 55-83 years) who were living independently in the community, and 40 age- and sex-matched non-diabetic controls were assessed for tactile sensitivity, vibration sense, proprioception, quadriceps strength and body sway. In both men and women, those with diabetes performed significantly worse in tests of body sway on firm and compliant surfaces compared with the control subjects after controlling for weight and body mass index. The female diabetic subjects also performed significantly worse in tests of peripheral sensation and strength compared with controls. Age-related declines in sensori-motor function were greater in the diabetic group (r = 0.55-0.75) than in the controls (r < 0.44), while within the diabetic group, duration of diabetes and vibration sense were significantly correlated with sway on a compliant (foam rubber) surface with the eyes open (partial r = 0.52, p < 0.01 and r = 0.55, p < 0.01, respectively). The study findings provide evidence that older people with diabetes have problems with stability and related sensori-motor factors which may place them at increased risk of falls.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Quality assurance of individual diabetes patient education.

Individual patient education is the most common means of communicating diabetes information and teaching self-care skills. Despite a considerable amount of literature regarding the outcome of group patient education, there is limited reference to the outcome of individual diabetes patient education or to quality assurance of the health messages delivered during this type of education. This study was designed to develop standardized educational messages for individual patient education delivered by diabetes nurse educators, test the immediate impact of these educational messages on patient knowledge, and identify any differences between diabetes nurse educators in their ability to influence patient knowledge. Overall, subjects demonstrated a significant improvement in knowledge immediately following an individual education session. The topic with the least improvement was diet. Significant differences in the patients' posteducation knowledge scores were observed between the three nurse educators in this study. No apparent patient factors accounted for this difference.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Comparison of plasma glucose, serum insulin, and C-peptide responses to three isocaloric breakfasts in non-insulin-dependent diabetic subjects.

While differences in glucose and insulin responses to specific carbohydrate foods have been reported, few data are available for mixed meals incorporating such foods. This study compared the plasma glucose (PG), serum insulin (SI), and C-peptide (CP) responses to three different isocaloric test breakfasts given in random order to eight insulin-treated non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) patients. The test meals were selected from a hospital food exchange list and contained similar quantities of carbohydrate, protein, fat, and dietary fiber. The postprandial PG, SI, and CP responses to two of the test breakfasts (meal A: eggs, toasted wholemeal bread, orange juice, margarine, and milk; meal B: wheatflake biscuits, toasted wholemeal bread, milk, and margarine) were similar (meal A: 104.3 +/- 23.0 mg X h X dl-1, 5996 +/- 1108 microU X min X ml-1, and 89.8 +/- 25.4 pmol X min X ml-1, respectively; meal B: 104.9 +/- 21.6 mg X h X dl-1, 6268 +/- 1161 microU X min X ml-1, and 99.8 +/- 26.4 pmol X min X ml-1, respectively). Meal C, consisting of toasted muesli and skim milk, produced smaller glycemic and insulin responses (46.8 +/- 8.8 mg X h X dl-1; P less than .02, and 4369 +/- 700 microU X min X ml-1; P less than .05, respectively) than meals A and B and less endogenous insulin secretion (CP response 62.8 +/- 19.9 pmol X min X ml-1; P less than .05 compared with meal A, NS compared with meal B).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Assessing effect of mixing insulins by glucose-clamp technique in subjects with diabetes mellitus.

The glucose-clamp technique was used to assess the effect on insulin activity of mixing clinically relevant doses of short- and longer-acting insulins in insulin-treated diabetic subjects. Mixtures of porcine regular and lente insulins resulted in a reduction in activity of the mixture compared with separate injection that was more apparent with premixing for 5 min before injecting than with premixing for 2 min. These findings were not explained by differences in volume of the injected insulin preparations. Mixing of porcine regular and bovine ultralente insulins for 2 min before injecting resulted in a reduced activity compared with separate injection. No difference in activity was obvious for porcine regular and NPH insulins given separately or premixed for 5 min. A reduction of activity during the 1st h after injection was observed when separate injection of one brand of these insulins (Velosulin or Insulatard) was compared with the manufactured mixture (Mixtard). These results indicate that premixing regular and NPH insulins in a 1-to-2 ratio does not alter the biological activity compared with separate administration of the insulins. However, the mixing of regular and insulin-zinc suspensions results in a loss of insulin activity, the magnitude of which depends on the time between mixing and injecting the insulin. The clinical significance of the effect of mixing on the efficacy of subcutaneous insulin therapy should be considered in the context that this is only one of many factors that may affect the activity of subcutaneously injected insulin.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Effectiveness of mass screening for diabetes mellitus using random capillary blood glucose measurements.

The results of 23 228 finger-prick capillary blood glucose tests (the taking of which was coordinated by the Diabetic Association of New South Wales) were reviewed. All non-diabetic persons (n = 860) with a blood glucose result of greater than or equal to 8.0 mmol/L were surveyed and 459 responded (53.4%). The responders were typical of the surveyed group with respect to age and capillary blood glucose level. Sixty-four new cases of diabetes were detected, representing 15.8% of the replies from persons who were not known to have diabetes and 0.28% of the total number of persons screened.

Age Factors↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Metabolic profiles in diabetic subjects treated with human insulin (Novo) and porcine insulin.

Twenty-four-hour metabolic profiles were used to compare the efficacy of twice-daily injections of purified porcine and human Actrapid and Monotard insulins (Novo) in six insulin-treated diabetic subjects. Although both insulin regimens resulted in similar plasma glucose profiles, values were lower during the night with porcine insulin treatment. These differences in plasma glucose response may represent an increased effectiveness of porcine insulin. Alternatively, evaluation of the plasma glucose profiles by the mean of the daily differences suggests that inherent day-to-day variations in diabetic control could explain the differences observed. Also, the potency of the porcine insulin used was greater than that of the human insulin and may have contributed to the differences in glucose response. No differences were observed in pyruvate, lactate, total ketones, and insulin profiles over the 24-h period. No adverse reactions to human insulin occurred.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Intravenous immunoglobulin therapy for autoimmune diabetes mellitus.

OBJECTIVE: A variety of immune therapies have been used in an attempt to reduce the immune destruction of the insulin secreting beta cells which results in insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM). This study investigated the use of intravenous gammaglobulin therapy (IVIG) in children and adults with IDDM who participated in a two-year randomised controlled trial which also examined the effect of transfer factor in altering the natural course of IDDM. METHODS: Treatment was administered every two months for the duration of the study. IVIG was given in a dose of 2 g/ kg body weight in divided doses over two days. The other two groups received an intramuscular injection-the control group received normal saline and the transfer factor group received 1 i.u. of transfer factor. Remission rates, beta cell function and treatment side effects were assessed. RESULTS: Compared with the control group, IVIG therapy given every 2 months for 2 years, did not result in an increased number of complete remissions or differences in insulin dose, diabetes control or endogenous insulin secretion assessed as fasting and stimulated C-peptide responses to glucagon and a meal. IVIG therapy was associated with significant side effects. CONCLUSION: It is unlikely that IVIG therapy will be a viable option for immunotherapy in IDDM.

Adolescent↗