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S Cordier

Publications and source records attributed to S Cordier.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2006

Occupational exposure to organic solvent mixtures during pregnancy and the risk of non-syndromic oral clefts.

OBJECTIVES: To examine the association between maternal occupational exposure to mixtures of organic solvents during pregnancy and the risk of non-syndromic oral clefts. METHODS: A case-control study (164 cleft lip with/without cleft palate (CL/P), 76 cleft palate (CP), 236 controls) was conducted in France to investigate the role of maternal occupational exposure to organic solvents at the beginning of pregnancy in the risk of non-syndromic oral clefts. An expert chemist, guided by a detailed description of the women's occupational tasks, assessed exposure for each. Analysis of the findings used logistic regression. RESULTS: In the control group, 39% of the women who reported working during pregnancy were exposed to at least one type of organic solvent. The risk of oral clefts was associated with oxygenated (for CL/P: OR = 1.8, 95% CI 1.1 to 2.9; and for CP, OR = 1.4, 95% CI 0.7 to 2.7), chlorinated (OR = 9.4, 95% CI 2.5 to 35.3; OR = 3.8, 95% CI 0.7 to 20.7), and petroleum (OR = 3.6, 95% CI 1.5 to 8.8; OR = 1.2, 95% CI 0.3 to 4.9) solvents. The risk of oral clefts increased linearly with level of exposure within the three subgroups of oxygenated solvents we considered (aliphatic alcohols, glycol ethers, and other oxygenated solvents, including esters, ketones, and aliphatic aldehydes). CONCLUSIONS: Results suggest that maternal occupational exposure to organic solvents during pregnancy may play a role in the aetiology of oral clefts. The limited number of subjects and the problem of multiple exposures require that these results be interpreted cautiously.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

[Breakthroughs in the study of the influence of environmental factors on male reproductive health].

BACKGROUND: An important part of the research effort on male reproductive health focus on two important questions: on the one side, that of the temporal deterioration of male reproductive health and, on the other head, that of the influence of exposure to environmental chemicals during intra-uterine life on health during childhood and adulthood. The concepts on endocrine disruption and testicular dysgenesis syndrome make a link between these two questions. METHODS: This work examines knowledge cumulated over the last couple of years concerning geographical and temporal variations in male reproductive health and the testicular dysgenesis syndrome. Recent results concerning the concept of endocrine disruption and on the environmental influences on male reproduction are presented, as well as on the transgenerational effects on environmental factors on the health of male children. CONCLUSIONS: Based on clinical and epidemiological data, and with the use of in vitro animal models as well as observations in wildlife, research in this field has enabled progress in the elucidation of mechanisms of action and characterization of environmental influences on male reproductive health.

Environmental Exposure↗
PubMed2005

The INSERM expert review on glycol ethers: findings and recommendations.

The use of glycol ethers and their effects on health have recently attracted the attention of the French health authorities. At their request, INSERM, the French Institute of Health and Medical Research, conducted a collective expertise review on glycol ethers in 1999. INSERM Expertise Reviews are independent procedures performed by experts from several disciplines, to guarantee the objectivity and the relevance of the report. During several work sessions, the experts carried out a critical analysis of and reviewed studies concerning the toxicity of glycol ethers. This process resulted in a series of recommendations and conclusions. All these data have been published in the form of a report and have been used to help the public authorities to make decisions on how to prevent risks for professionals and consumers.

Animals↗
PubMed2005

Beauty product-related exposures and childhood brain tumors in seven countries: results from the SEARCH International Brain Tumor Study.

Data from 1218 cases of childhood brain tumors (CBT) diagnosed between 1976 and 1994 and 2223 matched controls from the general population were included in an analysis of maternal beauty product exposure and beauty-related employment in 9 centers in 7 countries. A 50% increased odds ratio (OR) [95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.0-2.1] for CBT was observed among children of mothers who were exposed via personal use of and/or possible ambient contact with beauty products during the 5 years preceding the index child's birth compared with children of mothers never exposed to beauty products during this time period. Overall maternal personal use of hair-coloring agents in the month before or during the pregnancy of the index child's birth was not associated with CBT (OR = 1.0, CI = 0.83-1.3) or with astroglial (OR = 1.1, CI = 0.85-1.4), PNET (OR = 1.0, CI = 0.71-1.5) and other glial subtypes (OR = 1.0, CI = 0.62-1.0). Similarly, no statistically increased ORs or discernable pattern of risk estimates were observed for period of use or for number of applications per year for maternal personal use of hair-coloring agents overall or by histologic type. Among children born on or after 1980, increased ORs for CBT were associated with maternal non-work-related exposure to any beauty products (OR = 2.6, CI = 1.2-5.9), hair-dyes (OR = 11, CI = 1.2-90), and hair sprays (OR = 3.4, CI = 1.0-11). No overall increased OR for CBT was observed among children of mothers employed in beauty-related jobs during the 5 years preceding the index child's birth compared with those who reported no beauty-related employment. In general, other specific beauty product-related exposures were not associated with increased ORs for CBT. Data from our study provide little evidence of an increased risk for CBT with mothers' exposures to beauty products.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

[Periconceptional folates and the prevention of orofacial clefts: role of dietary intakes in France].

BACKGROUND: Orofacial clefts are among the most frequent congenital malformations at birth with a prevalence of 1 in 700 births in Europe. The implication of environmental factors in their etiology has been demonstrated. The role of folic acid, or folates, in the prevention of orofacial clefts is still debated although its efficacy has been demonstrated for the prevention of neural tube defects. METHODS: A case-control study was conducted in 7 hospitals in 4 centers in France. Cases (N=240) were children with non-syndromic orofacial cleft referred to one of the study hospitals for initial surgical repair in 1998 and 1999. Controls (N=236) matched for gender, geographic origin, and age were chosen in paediatric departments of the same hospitals. Usual dietary intake of folates was estimated using a food frequency questionnaire submitted to the mother at hospital. During the same interview, data on sociodemographic characteristics, medical and obstetrical history, tobacco and alcohol consumption, and vitamin supplements, were obtained. Odds ratios associated with quintiles of dietary intake of folates were estimated using logistic regression adjusting for known confounders. RESULTS: A significant dose-response relationship between the risk of orofacial clefts and a decrease in the intake of folates from diet was found, stronger for cleft palate without cleft lip. Only few women (<1%) declared having taken vitamin supplements containing folic acid when planning their pregnancy. CONCLUSION: Our study further suggests that folates are useful for the prevention of orofacial clefts during the periconceptual period. In our study, the estimated average daily intake of folates (270 microg/day) was below French national recommendations for the prevention of neural tube defects (400 microg/day). Since those insufficient folate intakes during the periconceptual period are not presently met by vitamin supplementation, the solution may come from the food fortification program proposed and implemented by the National Agency for Food Safety (AFSSA).

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Atrazine in municipal drinking water and risk of low birth weight, preterm delivery, and small-for-gestational-age status.

BACKGROUND: Atrazine is a herbicide used extensively worldwide. Bioassays have shown that it is embryotoxic and embryolethal. Evidence of adverse reproductive outcomes from exposure in the general population is sparse. AIMS: To evaluate the association between atrazine levels in municipal drinking water and the following adverse reproductive outcomes: increased risk of preterm delivery, low birth weight (LBW), and small-for-gestational-age (SGA) status. METHODS: A total of 3510 births that took place from 1 October 1997, to 30 September 1998 were analysed. Atrazine measurements were available for 2661 samples from water treatment plants over the past decade. A seasonal pattern was identified, with atrazine peaking from May to September. The geometric mean of the atrazine level for this period was calculated for each water distribution unit and merged with the individual data by municipality of residence. RESULTS: Atrazine levels in water were not associated with an increased risk of LBW or SGA status and were slightly associated with prematurity. There was an increased risk of SGA status in cases in which the third trimester overlapped in whole or in part with the May-September period, compared with those in which the third trimester occurred totally from October to April (OR = 1.37, 95% CI 1.04 to 1.81). If the entire third trimester took place from May to September, the OR was 1.54 (95% CI 1.11 to 2.13). CONCLUSIONS: Low levels of atrazine, a narrow exposure range, and limitations in the exposure assessment partly explain the lack of associations with atrazine. Findings point to the third trimester of pregnancy as the potential vulnerable period for an increased risk of SGA birth. Exposures other than atrazine and also seasonal factors may explain the increased risk.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

Parental exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and the risk of childhood brain tumors: The SEARCH International Childhood Brain Tumor Study.

Experimental evidence suggests that parental exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), which occurs primarily through tobacco smoke, occupational exposure, and air pollution, could increase the risk of cancer during childhood. Population-based case-control studies carried out in seven countries as part of the SEARCH Program compared data for 1,218 cases of childhood brain tumors and 2,223 controls (1976-1994). Parental occupational exposure to PAH during the 5-year period before birth was estimated with a job exposure matrix. Risk estimates were adjusted for child's age, sex, and study center. Paternal preconceptional occupational exposure to PAH was associated with increased risks of all childhood brain tumors (odds ratio (OR) = 1.3, 95% confidence interval: 1.1, 1.6) and astroglial tumors (OR = 1.4, 95% confidence interval: 1.1, 1.7). However, there was no trend of increasing risk with predicted level of exposure. Paternal smoking alone (OR = 1.4) was also associated with the risk of astroglial tumors in comparison with nonsmoking, non-occupationally-exposed fathers. Risks for paternal occupational exposure were higher, with (OR = 1.6) or without (OR = 1.7) smoking. Maternal occupational exposure to PAH before conception or during pregnancy was rare, and this exposure was not associated with any type of childhood brain tumor. This large study supports the hypothesis that paternal preconceptional exposure to PAH increases the risk of brain tumors in humans.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

Risk of congenital anomalies in the vicinity of municipal solid waste incinerators.

BACKGROUND: Although municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI) has contributed to increase the overall environmental load of particulate matter containing dioxins and metals, evidence of health consequences to populations is sparse. AIMS: To assess at a regional level (in southeast France) the impact of these emissions on birth defect rates. METHODS: Communities with fewer than 50 000 inhabitants surrounding the 70 incinerators that operated at least one year from 1988 to 1997 were studied. Each exposed community (n = 194) was assigned an exposure index estimated from a Gaussian plume model. Poisson models and a reference population of the 2678 unexposed communities in the region were used to calculate relative risks for congenital malformations, adjusted for year of birth, maternal age, department of birth, population density, average family income, and when available, local road traffic. RESULTS: The rate of congenital anomalies was not significantly higher in exposed compared with unexposed communities. Some subgroups of major anomalies, specifically facial clefts and renal dysplasia, were more frequent in the exposed communities. Among exposed communities, a dose-response trend of risk with increasing exposure was observed for obstructive uropathies. Risks of cardiac anomalies, obstructive uropathies, and skin anomalies increased linearly with road traffic density. CONCLUSIONS: Although both incinerator emissions and road traffic may plausibly explain some of the excess risks observed, several alternative explanations, including exposure misclassification, ascertainment bias, and residual confounding cannot be excluded. Some of the effects observed, if real, might be attributable to old-technology MSWIs and the persistent pollution they have generated.

Abnormalities, Drug-Induced↗
PubMed2003

Synthesis, crystal structure, and characterization of the first Nb(3) triangular cluster compound bonded to fluorine ligands: association of Nb(3)I(i)F(i)(3)F(a)(8)L(a) units and Nb(IV)L(6) Octahedra with L=O and F.

The synthesis and the crystal structure of the first compound containing Nb(3) triangular clusters bonded to fluorine ligands are presented in this work. The structure of Nb(3)IF(7)L(NbL(2))(0.25) with L = O and F, determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction, is based on a Nb(3)I(i)F(i)(3)F(a)(8)L(a) unit and a NbL(6) octahedron (tetragonal, space group I4/m, a = 13.8638(3) A, c = 8.9183(2) A, V = 1714.14(7) A(3), Z = 8). Two crystallographic positions (noted L5 and L6) are randomly occupied by fluorine and oxygen with two different F:O occupancies. These L ligands build an octahedral site for a single niobium atom, located between the units. The four L5 ligands of the NbL(6) octahedron are shared with four Nb(3) cluster units, while the two other L6 ligands are terminal. The Nb(3) cluster is face-capped by one iodine and edge-bridged by three fluorine ligands. Two of the three niobium atoms constituting the cluster are bonded to three additional apical fluorine ligands, while the third one is bonded to two fluorines and one L5 ligand. The Nb(3) cluster is linked to six adjacent ones via all the apical fluorine ligands. The developed formula of the unit is therefore Nb(3)I(i)F(i)(3)F(a)(-)(a)(8/2)L(a) according to the Schäfer and Schnering notation. The oxidation state of the single niobium and the random distribution of fluorine and oxygen on the two L sites will be discussed on the basis of structural analysis, the bond valence method, and IR and EPR measurements. The structural results will be compared to those of previously reported niobium compounds containing NbF(6) or Nb(F,O)(6) octahedra.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2001

Fluid consumption and the risk of bladder cancer: results of a multicenter case-control study.

A number of studies suggest a relation between fluid consumption and the risk of bladder cancer but results are contradictory. Different theories involving the quantity or the type of fluid consumed have been put forward to explain these relations but mechanisms remain unclear. We conducted a multicenter case-control study in several hospitals in France including 765 cases and 765 matched controls. Information collected by face-to-face interview included quantity and type of beverages consumed from the age of 18 until age at diagnosis, as well as smoking habits. Among men, we observed a slight non-significant increased risk of bladder cancer associated with total fluid intake, irrespectively of tobacco use. This was essentially due to intake of non-alcoholic drinks, coffee and bottled juice or water. Relative risks greater than 1 were observed in relation with coffee consumption. On the other hand, alcohol consumption, especially wine, was associated with relative risks less than unity. No relation could be identified between bladder cancer risk and fluid consumption among women. Our results do not support an association between total fluid consumption and bladder cancer risk. The role of the different types of fluid consumed, confounding factors and bias in the present analysis are discussed.

Age Factors↗
PubMed2001

The contribution of cigarette smoking to bladder cancer in women (pooled European data).

BACKGROUND: Using a combined analysis of 11 case-control studies from Europe, we have investigated the relationship between cigarette smoking and bladder cancer in women. METHODS: Available smoking information on 685 female bladder cancer cases and 2416 female controls included duration of smoking habit, number of cigarettes smoked per day, and time since cessation of smoking habit for ex-smokers. RESULTS: There was an increasing risk of bladder cancer with increasing duration of smoking, ranging from approximately a two-fold increased risk for a duration of less than 10 years (odds ratio (OR) = 1.9, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.1-3.1) to over a four-fold increased risk for a duration of greater than 40 years (OR = 4.1, 95% CI 3.0-5.5). A dose-response relationship was observed between number of cigarettes smoked per day and bladder cancer up to a threshold limit of 15-20 cigarettes per day, OR = 3.8 (95% CI 2.7-5.4), after which no increased risk was observed. An immediate decrease in risk of bladder cancer was observed for those who gave up smoking. This decrease was over 30% in the immediate 1-4 years after cessation, OR = 0.68 (95% CI 0.38-1.2). However, even after 25 years the decrease in risk did not reach the level of the never-smokers, OR = 0.27 (95% CI 0.21-0.35). CONCLUSION: The proportion of bladder cancer cases among women attributable to ever smoking was 0.30, (0.25-0.35) and to current smoking was 0.18 (0.14-0.22). These attributable proportions are less than those observed among men, although they are likely to increase in the future as the smoking-related disease epidemic among women matures.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Parental occupations and childhood brain tumors: results of an international case-control study.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the role of parental occupations in the etiology of childhood brain tumors (CBT). METHODS: Population-based case-control studies were conducted concurrently in seven countries under the coordination of the International Agency for Research on Cancer, gathering 1,218 cases and 2,223 controls. We report here the findings related to parental occupations during the 5-year period before the child's birth. Risk estimates related to a number of paternal and maternal occupations were obtained by unconditional logistic regression adjusted for age, sex, year of birth, and center, for all types of CBT combined and for the subgroups of astroglial, primitive neuroectodermal tumors (PNET), and other glial tumors. RESULTS: An increased risk in relation with agricultural work was seen for all CBT combined and for other glial tumors. Increased risks for all tumors and PNET were seen for paternal occupation as an electrician; the same pattern held for maternal occupation when children under 5 were selected. Paternal occupation as a driver or mechanic, and maternal work in an environment related to motor-vehicles were associated with an increased risk for all CBT and astroglial tumors. More case mothers compared to control mothers were employed in the textile industry. CONCLUSION: Our study reinforces previous findings relative to the role of parental work in agriculture, electricity, or motor-vehicle related occupations and maternal work in the textile industry. It does not confirm previous associations with work environments including aerospace, the chemical industry, or the food industry, or with maternal occupation as a hairdresser, a nurse, or a sewing machinist, and paternal occupation as a welder.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

Cigarette smoking and bladder cancer in men: a pooled analysis of 11 case-control studies.

The primary risk factor for bladder cancer is cigarette smoking. Using a combined analysis of 11 case-control studies, we have accurately measured the relationship between cigarette smoking and bladder cancer in men. Available smoking information on 2,600 male bladder cancer cases and 5,524 male controls included duration of smoking habit, number of cigarettes smoked per day and time since cessation of smoking habit for ex-smokers. There was a linear increasing risk of bladder cancer with increasing duration of smoking, ranging from an odds ratio (OR) of 1.96 after 20 years of smoking (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.48-2.61) to 5.57 after 60 years (CI 4.18-7.44). A dose relationship was observed between number of cigarettes smoked per day and bladder cancer up to a threshold limit of 15-20 cigarettes per day, OR = 4.50 (CI 3.81-5. 33), after which no increased risk was observed. An immediate decrease in risk of bladder cancer was observed for those who gave up smoking. This decrease was over 30% after 1-4 years, OR = 0.65 (0. 53-0.79), and was over 60% after 25 years of cessation, OR = 0.37 (0. 30-0.45). However, even after 25 years, the decrease in risk did not reach the level of the never-smokers, OR = 0.20. (0.17-0.24). The proportion of bladder cancer cases attributable to ever-smoking was 0.66 (0.61-0.70) for all men and 0.73 (0.66-0.79) for men younger than 60. These estimates are higher than previously calculated.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Ecological analysis of digestive cancer mortality related to contamination by diarrhetic shellfish poisoning toxins along the coasts of France.

Shellfish consumers are exposed to the risk of diarrhea from, among other contaminants, algae that produce diarrhetic shellfish poisoning (DSP) toxins, such as Dinophysis spp. These illnesses have been effectively prevented since 1984, when a phycotoxin monitoring network was set up along the coasts of France. There is nonetheless concern that residual levels of okadaic acid, a known tumor promoter that is the main toxin present in French coastal waters, might increase the risk of cancer among regular shellfish consumers. To test this hypothesis, we conducted an ecological study linking digestive cancer mortality rates with a proxy measure of contamination by DSP toxins in 59 coastal areas. Observed and expected numbers of deaths (using national rates as the reference) were computed by sex, cause of death, and area for two time periods: 1984-1988 and 1989-1993. The level of contamination in each area was estimated by the total number of weeks since monitoring began that production was shut down because of DSP toxin contamination. Using both Poisson regressions and test for trends of standardized mortality ratios across four exposure categories, we found some evidence of associations for several digestive cancer sites (esophagus, stomach, colon, liver, and total digestive cancers for men; stomach and pancreatic cancers for women). Among men, the only statistically significant result that remained after taking possible confounding by alcohol use into account involved colon cancer. The conclusions provided by this analysis are very tentative; they need to be reproduced and interpreted in the light of additional information on the potential long-term effects of DSP toxins. In the absence of human data, they provide some indication of a possible association between exposure to DSP toxins and digestive cancers.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Coffee consumption and bladder cancer in nonsmokers: a pooled analysis of case-control studies in European countries.

BACKGROUND: Coffee consumption has been associated with an excess bladder cancer risk, but results from epidemiological studies are inconsistent. This association has been long debated, in part due to the potential confounding by smoking. We examined the risk associated with coffee consumption in nonsmokers in a pooled analysis of ten European bladder cancer case-control studies. METHODS: The pooled data set comprises 564 cases and 2929 hospital or population controls who had never smoked. They were enrolled in ten studies conducted in Denmark, Germany, Greece, France, Italy and Spain. Information on coffee consumption and occupation was re-coded following standard criteria. Unconditional logistic regression was applied adjusting for age, study center, occupation and gender. RESULTS: Seventy-nine percent of the study population reported having drunk coffee, and 2.4% were heavy drinkers, reporting having drunk on average ten or more cups per day. There was no excess risk in ever coffee drinkers (OR = 1.0, 95% CI 0.8-1.3) compared to never drinkers. The risk did not increase monotonically with dose but a statistically significant excess risk was seen for subjects having drunk ten or more cups per day (OR = 1.8, 95% CI 1.0-3.3). This excess was seen in both men and women. There was no evidence of an association of the risk with duration or type of coffee consumption. The pooled results were not dependent on the findings of any specific study, but they depended on the type of controls with an overall excess risk observed only for studies using hospital controls. CONCLUSION: Nonsmokers who are heavy coffee drinkers may have a small excess risk of bladder cancer. Although these results cannot be attributed to confounding by smoking, the possibility of bias in control selection cannot be discarded. On the basis of these results, only a very small proportion of cancers of the bladder among nonsmokers could be attributed to coffee drinking.

Bias↗
PubMed2000

Tobacco and alcohol use during pregnancy and risk of oral clefts. Occupational Exposure and Congenital Malformation Working Group.

OBJECTIVES: This study examined the relationship between maternal tobacco and alcohol consumption during the first trimester of pregnancy and oral clefts. METHODS: Data were derived from a European multicenter case-control study including 161 infants with oral clefts and 1134 control infants. RESULTS: Multivariate analyses showed an increased risk of cleft lip with or without cleft palate associated with smoking (odds ratio [OR] = 1.79, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.07, 3.04) and an increased risk of cleft palate associated with alcohol consumption (OR = 2.28, 95% CI = 1.02, 5.09). The former risk increased with the number of cigarettes smoked. CONCLUSIONS: This study provides further evidence of the possible role of prevalent environmental exposures such as tobacco and alcohol in the etiology of oral clefts.

Adolescent↗