Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to S Coren.
Increment thresholds were measured on either side of the locus of subjective contours and inequivalent loci for control figures. The data indicate a small change in increment threshold value in the direction predicted by theories postulating neural interactive components in the formation of subjective contours.
It has been suggested that many visual-geometric illusions arise from inappropriate evocation of size-constancy by depth cues implicit in illusion configurations. Observers gave free association responses while viewing illusion figures. Analysis of these responses provides weak but consistent evidence for the elicitation of depth in the Sander parallelogram, Mueller-Lyer, Zoellner, and Ehrenfels variant of the Ponzo illusion. No evidence for depth is found in the normal form of the Ponzo, Poggendorff, and horizontal-vertical illusions, and the evidence is ambiguous in the Orbison configurations. These results indicate that depth processing may be evoked by some, but not all, classical illusion forms.
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Multivariate techniques were used to explore the relationship between ocular dominance and asymmetries in visual acuity or acuity dominance. The convergence distance under which the acuity testing takes place was found to affect the relationship between these two variables.
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Ocular dominance, as measured in sighting tests, involves a temporary suppression of the input from the non-dominant eye in order to avoid diplopia. Amblyopia ex anopsia may be viewed as a long term suppression of the input from one eye for the same reason. In the absence of anisometropia, paralysis of extra ocular muscles, or other factors which would tend to determine which eye would manifest suppression, the non-dominant sighting eye should be more likely to develop amblyopia given the presence of strabismus. A sample of 258 amblyopes supports this prediction based on the population norms for sighting dominance.
Recent suggestsions linking suppression observed in amblyopia ex anopsia with that manifested in normal ocular dominance coordinations were experimentally tested. Training procedures which normally alleviate functional amblyopic suppression were shown to have similar results in alleviating the suppression of the nondominant eye in visually normal observers. Methodological and theoretical implications of these results are discussed.
The laterality of eye and limb do not appear to be generally correlated as measured in 160 observers using a graded index. Sex differences emerge indicating more consistent eye and limb preferences as well as stronger eye dominance scores in male subjects. In addtiion, better consistency is found for right-eye dominants than for left. This pattern of results permits some inferences to be made about the role of the environment in determining the dominant eye and hand.
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