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Biomedical subjects

S Czekalski

Publications and source records attributed to S Czekalski.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1998

[Analysis of polymorphisms Sma (Hpa II) and Sca I gene precursors of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) in patients with essential hypertension].

Both environmental and genetic factors are implicated in the pathogenesis of essential hypertension. The defect of the ANP precursor gene leading to the decrease of ANP synthesis are a cause of the development of sodium-sensitive hypertension in animals. Recent findings in African-Americans who are a model of sodium-sensitive population, reveal a strong association between Sma I polymorphism at intron 2 (the polymorphic site is identical for Hpa II restriction enzyme) or both Sma I and Sca I polymorphism at exon 3 of ANP precursor gene and essential hypertension. The aim of our study was to optimize the methods for Sma I and Sca I analysis in the ANP precursor gene (PCR followed by digestion with restriction enzymes) and to determine the frequencies of Sma I or Sca I genotypes and alleles in patients with sodium-sensitive (SS) or sodium-nonsensitive (SR) hypertension. The Sma I heterozygous mutation (WM genotype) were detected in 4 (8.9%) SS patients and in 2 (10%) patients in SR group. The frequency of Sca I M allele (allele with mutation) was significantly higher in SS group as compared to sodium-nonsensitive hypertensives. Our results suggest that, in contrast to Black hypertensives, in Caucasians with essential hypertension the Sma I polymorphism is very rare and the Sca I polymorphism of ANP precursor gene is associated with sodium-sensitivity of blood pressure.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

[The evaluation of bone mineral density and selected markers of bone turnover in patients with insulin dependent diabetes mellitus].

The aim of study was to evaluate bone mineral density (BMD) in lumbar spine (AP Spine), total body (Total Body) and distal site of radius (Forearm), and selected markers of bone formation: serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and osteocalcin(OC), and bone resorption: pyridinoline (PIR) and deoxy-pyridinoline (DPIR) in urine, in patients with long-standing insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM), in comparison to healthy controls. Additionally, the influence of age, sex, smoking, duration of IDDM, the degree of metabolic control, or coexisting chronic complications of diabetes (retinopathy, incipient nephropathy, polyneuropathy) on the studied indices of bone metabolism in patients with IDDM were evaluated. The study was carried on 54 diabetic patients (23 F, 31 M) and 25 healthy individuals (13 F, 12 M). BMD was measured by DEXA (LUNAR DPX-L System). ALP was assessed by enzymatic method, and OC by RIA (Incstar Corporation). PIR and DPIR were assessed by EIA (Metra Biosystems). It was found that patients with long-standing IDDM have significantly lower BMD than healthy controls. The incidence rate of osteopenia and osteoporosis is significantly higher in this group of patients in comparison to the controls. In comparison to healthy subjects, patients with IDDM have significantly higher, but within normal reference range, serum ALP and OC, accompanied by similar PIR and not significantly increased DPIR. Duration and metabolic control of diabetes, or the coexistence of its chronic complications do not correlate with BMD or the studied indicies of bone turnover.

Absorptiometry, Photon↗
PubMed1997

[Mutation T-->C of nucleotide 2238 in the gene of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) precursor and heterogeneity of sodium-sensitive hypertension. Preliminary report].

Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) is involved in the pathogenesis of sodium-sensitive hypertension. The loss of Sca I restriction site in the ANP precursor gene abolishes the regular stop codon. The aim of our study was the analysis of the Sca I gene polymorphism in 23 patients with sodium-sensitive hypertension, the molecular characteristic of the mutation and the comparison of the blood pressure values, plasma renin activity, plasma ANP and aldosterone concentration between patients with or without mutation. Applying the polymerase chain reaction (PCR), followed by digestion with Sca I, the heterozygous mutation has been found in 9 (39%) patients. The sequencing of PCR products indicated that the loss of Sca I restriction site is caused by T2238-->C transition leading to the translation of ANP with two additional arginines. The higher concentration of ANP in plasma has been found in T2238-->C transition patients on normal and high sodium diet as compared with patients without mutation. These preliminary results suggest that the heterogeneity of sodium-sensitive hypertension is associated with the T2238-->C mutation of the ANP precursor gene.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Evidence for angiotensin IV receptors in human collecting duct cells.

Because angiotensin II (Ang II) has been found at high concentrations in the proximal tubule fluid and because tubular brush border membranes exhibit a marked capacity for degrading Ang II, we thought it of interest to examine the binding sites for Ang II (3-8) (referred to as Ang IV), a metabolite of Ang II, downstream in the nephron. We studied the binding of [125I]-Ang IV and also of [125I]-Sar1, Ala8, Ang II to SV-40 transformed human collecting duct cell (HCD) membranes. No specific binding site for [125I]-Sar1, Ala8, Ang II and no Ang II-dependent cytosolic calcium response could be observed. Moreover, no signal for the human type I Ang II receptor (hAT1) mRNA was present in HCD cells. In contrast, [125I]-Ang IV bound specifically to HCD cell membranes. Mean Kd and Bmax values derived from saturation binding studies were 5.6 +/- 2.0 nM and 1007.6 +/- 140.2 fmol/mg protein, respectively. The rank order of affinity for competitive Ang II-related peptides was: Ang IV > Ang III > Ang II > Ang II (4-8) > Ang II (1-7). [125I]-Ang IV binding was not modified by nonpeptide AT1 (losartan) or AT2 (PD123177) antagonists. GTP gamma S and dithiotreitol did not affect [125I]-Ang IV binding. Ang IV stimulated cAMP production by intact HCD cells in the presence of forskolin but did not modify cGMP production or cytosolic calcium concentration. Taken together, these results indicate that HCD cells represent a target site for Ang IV but do not possess Ang II receptors.

Aminopeptidases↗
PubMed1995

[Comparison of treatment effects with an angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor--lisinopril and a calcium blocker--nifedipine retard on urinary albumin excretion in patients with non-complicated essential hypertension].

The purpose of the study was to compare the effect of treatment with an angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor (Lisinopril, MSD) or calcium blocker (Nifedipine retard, MSD) treatment during three months on blood pressure (measured with sphygmomanometric method and ambulatory blood pressure monitoring--ABPM) and urinary albumin excretion in essential hypertension class I acc. to WHO. Fifteen untreated patients aged 38 +/- 5 years with essential hypertension participated in the study and received diet with normal sodium content. Urinary albumin excretion was measured by RIA method in two 24 hour urine collections and mean value was calculated. ABPM was measured with Spacelabs monitor. After first examination 8 patients were randomly selected for the treatment with lisinopril and 7 patients to the treatment with nifedipine. The doses of both drugs were gradually adjusted to reach diastolic blood pressure below 90 mmHg. After 3 months of treatment urinary albumin excretion and blood pressure was found in both after treatment in patients treated with lisinopril but not in those receiving nifedipine. In patients treated with lisinopril a correlation between the decrease in systolic and diastolic blood pressure (measured by ABPM) and decrease of urinary albumin excretion was demonstrated. It was concluded that the normalization of blood pressure induced by lisinopril treatment in patients with uncomplicated essential hypertension and normoalbuminuria is accompanied with significant diminution of urinary albumin excretion which suggests preventive action of the drug in the development of microalbuminuria. Diminution of urinary albumin excretion caused by lisinopril is probably due to both the decrease of blood pressure and the specific renal action of the drug.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

[Elevated plasma prekallikrein level in patients with diabetes].

The contact activation of intrinsic pathway in the coagulation system accompanied by plasma kallikrein-induced kinin generation is thought to be involved in the pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy. Plasma prekallikrein (PPK), a proenzyme of plasma kallikrein, is a single-chain glycoprotein synthesized mainly in the liver. The aim of our study was to evaluate plasma prekallikrein level in diabetic patients and to examine the relationship between PPK and the metabolic control of diabetes and development of retinopathy. In 53 diabetic patients and 33 healthy subjects as controls the following parameters have been assessed: plasma prekallikrein, serum fructosamine, glycated haemoglobin HbA1c, prothrombin time, partial thromboplastin time and antithrombin III (AT III). Compared to the control group, PPK level was significantly higher in diabetics, especially in patients with proliferative retinopathy. The significant positive correlations have been found between PPK and HbA1c in diabetic patients and between PPK and serum fructosamine concentration but only in diabetics without retinopathy. No differences in prothrombin time and AT III have been observed between diabetics and healthy subjects. A suggestion is presented on increase of plasma prekallikrein level in diabetics due to hyperglycaemia-stimulated glycoprotein over-synthesis in the liver, what would confirm the role of kallikrein-kinin system in the pathogenesis of microangiopathy.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

[Decreased bone mineral density in patients with insulin-dependent-diabetes].

UNLABELLED: The aim of study was an evaluation of bone mineral density (BMD) measured by LUNAR DPX-L System in lumbar spine (AP), total body and distal site of forearm (Forearm) in patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM), in relation to duration of the disease, degree of metabolic control and serum osteocalcin (OC). The study was performed on 58 patients with IDDM (26 F, 32 M; mean age: 40.1 +/- 10 yrs, mean duration of IDDM: 17.2 +/- 8 yrs) and 33 healthy, age-matched subjects (18 F, 15 M). Patients with overt nephropathy, concomitant diseases known to affect bone metabolism and women after menopause were excluded from the study. BMD was decreased in patients with IDDM in comparison with the controls: 1.13 +/- 0.1 vs 1.25 +/- 0.15 g/cm2, p < 0.001 in AP, 1.12 +/- 0.07 vs 1.2 +/- 0.07 g/cm2, p < 0.001 in Total body oraz 0.37 +/- 0.05 vs 0.4 +/- 0.05 g/cm2, p < 0.05 in Forearm. The degree of metabolic control of IDDM evaluated by serum HbAlc levels did not influence the values of BMD. Similarly, duration of IDDM did not correlate with BMD. OC level was significantly higher in diabetic patients than in control group: 4.88 +/- 2.2 vs 3.89 +/- 1.2 ng/ml, p < 0.05. CONCLUSIONS: 1) In patients with long-standing IDDM, Total Body, AP Spine and Forearm BMD were significantly decreased in comparison with the controls, and the decrease of BMD was higher in men than in women. 2) In patients with IDDM the decrease of BMD did not depend on the degree of metabolic control and duration of the disease. 3) Serum OC determinations may help in the identification of cases with risk of development of diabetic osteopenia.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

[Plasma prekallikrein in chronic liver diseases].

Plasma prekallikrein (PPK) is a single-chain glycoprotein synthesized in the liver. The aim of our study was to evaluate a plasma prekallikrein as the marker reflecting liver protein synthesis in patients with chronic liver diseases. PPK levels have been measured by own modification of amidolytic micro-assay in 43 patients with chronic liver diseases and 37 healthy volunteers as control group. As compared to control group, PPK level was significantly decreased in patients with chronic active hepatitis and with decompensated liver cirrhosis and significantly increased in patients with liver cirrhosis complicated by hepatocellular carcinoma. There was no difference in plasma prekallikrein between patients with compensated liver cirrhosis and controls. The results suggest that PPK might be a useful index for the assessment of residual functional liver mass in patients with chronic liver diseases.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Atrial natriuretic peptide and cyclic guanosine monophosphate plasma concentrations in patients with thyrotoxicosis and atrial fibrillation. Effect of short-term methimazole therapy.

Plasma immunoreactive atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) and cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP), serum thyroxine (T4), triiodothyronine (T3), and thyrotropin (TSH) concentrations were measured in 11 patients with thyrotoxicosis and atrial fibrillation (group 1), in 5 patients with thyrotoxicosis and sinus cardiac rhythm (group 2) and in 8 healthy subjects in comparable age. Patients with thyrotoxicosis were studied before and after treatment with methimazole (3 x 20 mg daily) during 10 days. During treatment sinus cardiac rhythm returned in 6 patients with initial fibrillation (group 1a) while 5 patients still presented atrial fibrillation at the end of the study (group 1b). All patients from group 2 maintained a sinus cardiac rhythm throughout the study. Median plasma concentrations of ANP and cGMP before treatment in patients from group 1 were higher: 43.8 pmol/l and 11.0 nmol/l, respectively than in patients from group 2: 20.0 pmol/l (p < 0.005) and 6.5 nmol/l (p < 0.01), respectively. In all groups of patients methimazole treatment resulted in a significant decrease of plasma ANP and cGMP concentrations in parallel to a reduction of serum T3 and T4 levels. After therapy, plasma ANP and cGMP levels in patients from group 1a were not significantly different from those in patients from group 2, while in patients from group 1b remained slightly elevated. Presented results suggest that atrial fibrillation in patients with thyrotoxicosis represents an important factor augmenting plasma ANP and cGMP levels, in addition to the stimulatory effect exerted by thyroid hormones. However, the marked reduction of serum thyroid hormones produced by short-term methimazole treatment in patients with thyrotoxicosis was associated with parallel decrease of plasma ANP and cGMP levels toward normal values. Therefore, the influence of thyroid hormones on plasma ANP and cGMP concentrations seems relatively more important than the effect of atrial fibrillation.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

[Effect of treatment of arterial hypertension on renal function in patients with imminent and overt diabetic nephropathy].

The effect was studied of blood pressure lowering treatment on renal failure and albuminuria (UAE) in patients with type I diabetes (IDDM) and imminent nephropathy as well as in patients with over diabetic nephropathy. The group of 24 patients with imminent nephropathy was subdivided: 1. twelve patients with borderline or overt hypertension with mean BP lowered not below 100 mmHg, and 2. twelve patients with BP within the normal limits, taking no hypotensive agents. In the other group of 12 patients with overt diabetic nephropathy hypertension was lowered below 105 mmHg and kept so for at least two years. All patients estimated their glycemia and glycosuria by themselves, ate 0.8 g protein/kg/24 h and about 100 mmol Na/24h. Under hospital conditions the following were estimated: albuminuria, glomerular filtration rate (51Cr EDTA) and effective renal blood flow (131I hippurate). The same examinations were repeated 1 year and 2 years later. The lowering of BP below 100 mmHg in patients with imminent diabetic nephropathy significantly lowered microalbuminuria without changing GFR, ERPF despite good or satisfactory compensation of diabetes. Maintaining BP below 105 mmHg for 2 years did not prevent the patients with overt nephropathy to develop progressive renal failure despite the rate of GFR deterioration and of the increase of albuminuria slowed down.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

[Selected parameters of blood coagulation and fibrinolysis and their relationship to the level of diabetes control in patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus].

The aim of the study was to evaluate plasma concentration of fibrinogen, plasma activity of antithrombin III (AT-III) and plasma activity of plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI-I) in insulin-dependent diabetic (IDDM) patients and the assessment of correlation between them and the parameters of glyco-metabolic control comprising glycemia and concentrations of fructosamine and glycated hemoglobin HbA1c. Eighteen IDDM patients (mean age 28.3 +/- 11.3 ys, mean duration of disease 12.2 +/- 5.3 ys) without over nephropathy and without macroangiopathy were investigated. Control group consisted of 8 healthy subjects. Plasma fibrinogen concentrations were similar in IDDM patients and in controls (3.54 +/- 0.45 g/l and 3.31 +/- 0.54 g/l respectively). Plasma activity of AT-III in diabetic patients (90.6 +/- 22.4%) was similar to that in healthy subjects (94.6 +/- 25.0%). Fibrinogen concentrations and AT-III activities showed no correlation with glycemia and concentrations of fructosamine and HbA1c. Plasma activity of PAI-I was significantly lower in diabetics than in controls (respectively 1.56 +/- 0.72 U/ml and 2.75 +/- 1.25 U/ml, p < 0.005). PAI-I activity correlated negatively with fasting blood glucose (p < 0.05) but did not correlate with concentrations of fructosamine or HbA1c. The results suggest that glycemic control in diabetic patients do not influence on concentrations of fibrinogen and activity of AT-III but diminished activity of PAI-I is related to hyperglycemia.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

Exaggerated natriuresis induced by sodium chloride infusion in essential hypertension is accompanied by an exaggerated urinary 3' 5' guanosine monophosphate excretion.

The effects of an intravenous infusion of physiological saline on plasma atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), guanosine 3' 5' monophosphate (cGMP) concentrations, and on urinary cGMP and sodium excretion were studied in 13 patients with essential hypertension, class I according to WHO criteria, and in 10 healthy subjects. It was found that the groups did not differ as to basal and infusion-induced plasma ANP and cGMP and basal urinary cGMP and sodium excretion, but the sodium chloride infusion resulted in a significantly greater urinary cGMP and sodium excretion and creatinine clearance in hypertensive than in control subjects. The results of this study demonstrate that patients with essential hypertension respond to an intravenous sodium chloride load not only with exaggerated natriuresis, but also with augmented urinary cGMP excretion. The latter finding may in part be due to a greater glomerular filtration of cGMP, but increased renal contribution cannot be excluded. Apart from the possible stronger intrarenal effect of ANP on cGMP production in patients with hypertension, independent direct effect of volume expansion on cGMP excretion and modified activity of other cGMP generating systems may all be responsible for the higher urinary cGMP excretion in essential hypertension.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Plasma concentrations of atrial natriuretic peptide and cyclic guanosine monophosphate in patients with hyperthyroidism before and after short-term treatment with methimazole.

The aim of the study was to answer the question whether a rapid decrease in serum triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) levels resulting from the treatment with a full dose (3 x 20 mg daily) of methimazole applied in patients with thyrotoxicosis is associated with the parallel diminution of plasma atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) and its second messenger-cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) concentrations. Sixteen patients with thyrotoxicosis of mean age 41.5 +/- 10.5 years participated in the study. Short-term (10 days) methimazole treatment resulted in a significant decrease in serum T3 and T4 concentrations to the values found in 14 healthy subjects serving as control group. Plasma ANP and cGMP levels also decreased significantly during the treatment attaining the normal range. A significant correlation was found between the decrease in serum T3 and T4 concentrations during the treatment and the decrease in plasma ANP level. The decrease in plasma ANP was not closely correlated with the reduction of cGMP levels. These results indicate that: 1) a steep decrease in serum thyroid hormone concentrations induced by a full methimazole treatment during ten days in patients with thyrotoxicosis due to Graves' disease was accompanied by the return of elevated plasma ANP levels to normal range; 2. diminution of serum concentrations of both T3 and T4 during the treatment was correlated with the decrease in plasma ANP; 3) reduction in plasma cGMP concentration associated with short-term methimazole treatment in thyrotoxicosis seems to depend not only on the diminution of plasma ANP level.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Iodized salt consumption, urinary iodine concentration and prevalence of goiter in children from four districts of north-western Poland (Szczecin coordinating center).

The study was aimed at evaluation of iodized salt consumption, urinary iodine concentration and incidence of goiter in children from four districts of north-western Poland: Szczecin, Koszalin, Słupsk and Gorzów Wlkp. The study was a part of the national programme: "Investigations of iodine deficite and iodine prophylaxis in Poland". The investigations were performed in ten schools randomly selected by Coordinating Centre in Kraków. Altogether 1793 children attending these schools (838 boys and 955 girls) of age between 6 ad 13 years, living in the cities and villages of coastal and lowland region were studied. The examination included interview in the form of a standard questionnaire, physical examination of the thyroid according to the WHO criteria, ultrasonographic evaluation of thyroid volume and determination of iodine concentration in single urine specimen. It appeared that only 11.2% of children used to consume iodized salt. Mean iodine concentration in urine was 76.2 micrograms/l both in children consuming and not consuming iodized salt, indicating dietary iodine deficiency. The incidence of goiter in country population of children (12.9%), indicated that the region of north-western Poland should be considered as an area of mild goiter endemy. These results suggest a need for iodine supplementation of edible salt in this region of Poland.

Adolescent↗