Atherton, John G. (University of Southern California, Los Angeles), Sotiros G. Chaparas, Martha Cremer, and Irving Gordon. Mechanism of polykaryocytosis associated with noncytopathic infection by measles virus. J. Bacteriol. 90:213-219. 1965.-Infection with a measles virus variant resulted not only in formation of polykaryocytes (PK) but also in formation of multicellular immunofluorescent foci (IFF) in which no cytopathic effect could be detected. The ratio of IFF to PK changed from 27 to 4 during the first passage and remained 4 after a second passage. PK were plaques. Plaque assay was linear in the presence of IFF. To investigate the mechanism of PK formation, radioautography was done on cells pulse-labeled with tritiated thymidine before virus multiplication began. The results showed that PK were formed by fusion; there were no PK whose nuclei contained no label, and the proportion of labeled nuclei (32%) and distribution of grain counts was the same in PK as in uninvolved cells, ruling out nuclear replication without concomitant cytoplasmic membrane formation as the mechanism of formation of these PK. Early in PK development, neutral red uptake was markedly increased ("red" plaques). As PK matured, hyperchromicity disappeared ("white" plaques). This sequence provided an index of rate of evolution of PK. Rate of PK maturation was more rapid at 37 than at 32 C.

Journal Article↗

PubMed1965

Lowered delayed skin reactivity to fractions of Mycobacterium-bovis (BCG) in guinea pigs sensitized with large doses of BCG.

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Animals↗

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Antigenic relationships among mycobacterial species studied by modified-rocket and crossed immunoelectrophoresis.

The complexity of antigens from various species of mycobacteria was explored with use of variations in the techniques of fused-rocket immunoelectrophoresis (IEP) and two-dimensional IEP. Resolution and formation of lines of identity depended on shape and arrangement of antigen wells, concentration of reagents, and procedure for electrophoresis. Rocket IEP of a sonicate into heterologous antiserum in one dimension followed by IEP into homologous antiserum in a second dimension permitted ready identification of heterologous reactions, with direct identity to homologous precipitin bands. Variations in procedures provided versatility that permitted comparison of antigens of unknown or different species, expression of relatedness, comparison of different antisera, and progress of purification or fractionation.

Antigens, Bacterial↗