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Biomedical subjects

S D Gardner

Publications and source records attributed to S D Gardner.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1982

A comparison of cervical cytomegalovirus (CMV) excretion in gynaecological patients and post-partum women.

CMV was isolated from the cervix of 4.2 per cent of 191 gynaecological patients and from 9.8 per cent of 51 women post-partum; all patients were attending the same general practice clinic. The CMV excretion rate was particularly high in the early post-partum period decreasing to nearly normal levels as menstruation returned. Three of 14 (21.4 per cent) post-partum patients excreted CMV before menses had restarted whereas virus was isolated from only two of 36 (5.6 per cent) women who had returned to a normal menstrual cycle. Although this difference was not statistically significant, the excretion rate early post-partum was significantly higher than in the gynaecological group (p less than 0.05). Five of seven excretors in the gynaecological group were in the first half of a menstrual cycle at the time of virus isolation thus suggesting that hormonal changes may lead to CMV reactivation in the genital tract. Other factors which may influence the presence of CMV in the genital tract of non-pregnant women are discussed. Three of four infant born to women excreting virus on the cervix post-partum became infected with CMV.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

Molecular cloning of infectious DNA from human papovavirus BK in Escherichia coli.

Recombinant DNA constructed from unit length BK virus DNA and from several defective viral forms was cloned in Escherichia coli HB101. The cloned unit length BK virus DNA retained its infectivity for human embryonic kidney cells, whereas the cloned defective DNA showed no infectivity. Restriction endonuclease digestion of cloned defective DNA and purified virus DNA indicated that many of the defective forms contain re-iterated sequences.

Cloning, Molecular↗
PubMed1981

Occurrence of IgM antibodies against BK and JC polyomaviruses during pregnancy.

In a serological survey of 430 pregnant women 45 had high or rising titres of BK-virus haemagglutination-inhibiting antibodies. The presence of BK-virus-specific IgM was confirmed in 10 of these women. No BK-virus-specific IgM was detected in the samples of cord blood from the babies born to these women. The sera from 40 women known to be excreting inclusion-bearing cells during pregnancy were tested for the presence of BK-virus and JC-virus-specific IgM and IgG. The presence of BK-virus-specific IgM was confirmed in three cases and JC-virus-specific IgM in seven cases. Specific IgM persisted for several months in some pregnant women. No Bk-virus-specific IgM was detected in any of the samples of cord blood from the babies born to these women with evidence of polyomavirus infection. No JC-virus-specific IgM was detected in 36 out of 37 of the cord bloods; however, in one it is possible that minute amounts of JC-virus-specific IgM were present.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Pregnancy risk following laparoscopic sterilization in nongravid and gravid women.

A multicenter data set was analyzed to compare incidences of poststerilization pregnancies between women who were not pregnant and those who were pregnant at admission of laparoscopic sterilization. The 12-month life-table poststerilization pregnancy rate was 6.0 per 1,000 procedures for the 7,696 nongravid and 32.8 for the 1,703 gravid women, for a fivefold difference. The crude pregnancy rates were consistently higher for the gravid women when data were classified by tubal occlusion technique and by patients' sociodemographic characteristics. The difference in pregnancy rates between the two groups was reduced to 2.4-fold when analysis was limited to data sets from centers that admitted both groups of women and that performed sterilization by the same technique. Results of this analysis support previous studies suggesting that gravid women, especially postpartum patients, carry a higher pregnancy risk following sterilization.

Female↗
PubMed1980

An epidemiologic study of risk factors associated with pregnancy following female sterilization.

Data on 14,700 female sterilization patients were collected by the International Fertility Research Program (IFRP) from 1972 to 1978 and analyzed to determine risk factors associated with the incidence of pregnancy following sterilization. With a case-control approach, it was found that younger patients (less than or equal to 34 years old) and those who did not lactate after sterilization had a higher risk of becoming pregnant. Patients who were sterilized in the early phases of a service program had a higher risk of pregnancy than those sterilized later. In the laparoscopic series, the relative risk of pregnancy was four times greater in patients who had the prototype spring clip than in patients who had the Falope ring. The relative risk increased to 7.0 when patients who had the prototype spring clip were compared to those who had the Falope ring, electrocoagulation, or the Rocket clip. Patients sterilized by electrocoagulation had a low pregnancy risk, but the risk of an ectopic pregnancy was significantly higher than for those sterilized with mechanical devices. In the culdoscopic series, the tantalum clip had an unacceptable pregnancy risk.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

A prospective study of human polyomavirus infection in pregnancy.

Urine samples from 1,235 pregnant women were examined by light microscopy for cytologic evidence of virus infection. Smears of urine sediment from 40 women (3.2%) were observed to contain inclusion-bearing cells; polyomavirus infection was confirmed by virologic methods in 24 (60%). A polyomavirus was isolated from 12 women. Five isolates were identified as JC virus and one as BK virus. Another isolate designated AS virus appeared to be unique. Serologic studies on the 40 women were consistent with a high frequency of reactivation of JC virus, and virus excretion was related to gestation. The evidence suggests that selective excretion of JC virus may occur in pregnancy. Among 390 pregnant women without inclusion-bearing cells in their urine, 78 (20%) had a high or rising titer of serum antibody to JC or BK virus or both, a result suggesting virus reactivation, but virus excretion was not detected. In contrast to other reports, no evidence was found for transmission of BK virus to the fetus.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Menstrual pattern changes in laparoscopic sterilization patients whose last pregnancy was terminated by therapeutic abortion. A two-year follow-up study.

Women were used as their own controls in the comparison of presterilization and poststerilization menstrual patterns. Five parameters were studied: regularity of cycle length, duration and amount of flow and incidence of dysmenorrhea and intermenstrual bleeding. Three parameters in the electrocoagulation group (regularity of cycle length and duration and amount of flow) and one parameter in the tubal ring group(duration of flow) showed significant changes after sterilization. However, by controlling for the effect of previous contraceptive methods used, no significant menstrual pattern changes following sterilization were discerned in either technique group.

Abortion, Therapeutic↗
PubMed1978

Human polyomavirus (BK) infection and ureteric stenosis in renal allograft recipients.

Human polyomavirus (BK) was detected in two renal allograft recipients as a result of routine examination of Papanicolaou-stained smears of urinary sediment in the light microscope. Infection with this recently identified virus was confirmed by virus isolation and electron microscopy. The cytological, histological, and ultrastructural changes due to the virus are described, and virus excretion is correlated with the clinical progress of the patients and the pathological findings. The transplant ureters in both patients were found to be ulcerated and stenosed, and virus-infected cells were observed in the ureteric epithelium. We suggest that the administration of high-dose steroids in transplantation may permit active infection with human polyomavirus to occur in ureteric epithelium which has been damaged by ischaemia or inflammation.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

Posttreatment and postretention changes following orthodontic therapy.

This investigation was performed to determine the changes which occurred in treated orthodontic cases out of retention. The material consisted of 103 cases, of which 74 cases were treated nonextraction and 29 were treated with the extraction of four first premolars. The treatment was accomplished by the full-banded edgewise bioprogressive technique. Five measurements were taken: intercanine, inter-first premolar, intersecond premolar and inter-first molar widths, and incisor to molar distance. The measurements were made on the mandibular arch of the pretreatment, posttreatment, and prostretention casts. The postretention model was obtained a minimum of one year after all retaining devices were removed with an average of 5.2 years. The following conclusions were drawn from the changes in dimensions: 1. The intercanine width was expanded during treatment, but had a strong tendency to return to or close to its original pretreatment width in both nonextraction and extraction cases. 2. The inter-first premolar width showed the greatest treatment increase in width with only a minimal amount of postretention decrease. 3. The second premolar width for nonextraction cases showed a significant amount of increase with a slight tendency for postretention decrease. 4. The second premolar width for extraction cases showed a decrease with treatment and a slight continued decrease postretention. 5. The intermolar width of nonextraction cases showed a significant increase in width with treatment. The extraction cases showed a significant decrease with treatment. However, there were no changes in either extraction or nonextraction cases postretention. 6. The incisor to molar distance decreased with treatment and had a slight tendency to continue to decrease postretention.

Bicuspid↗
PubMed1974

Identity of a newly isolated human polyomavirus from a patient with progressive multifocal leucoencephalopathy.

Isolation of a strain of polyomavirus, designated COL, from the brain of a patient with progressive multifocal leucoencephalopathy is described. The COL strain is antigenically similar to JC polyomavirus, previously isolated from a brain affected by progressive multifocal leucoencephalopathy and is unrelated to BK, another human polyomavirus isolated from urine. Immunological cross testing of viruses in the Polyomavirus genus shows that there are at least six antigenic types in this group.

Agglutination Tests↗
PubMed1973

Human polyomavirus infection in renal allograft recipients.

Cytological and virological studies on 74 patients with functioning renal allografts were undertaken to detect polyomavirus infection of the renal tract. Ten patients (13.5%) were excreting polyomavirus. Virus particles were seen in the electron microscope in urine samples from eight patients. B.K. polyomavirus was isolated from four patients. Infection with a different polyomavirus was probable in one patient. Virus isolation was most readily achieved when large numbers of intact virus particles were seen in the urine. Patients who were excreting large amounts of polyomavirus shed numerous inclusion-bearing cells which could be detected by cytology. A serological study showed that the prevalence of B.K. antibody was similar to that found in the general population and 38% of this series of transplant patients had evidence of active infection with B.K. virus.

Adolescent↗