Genitourinary consequences of radical prostatectomy.
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Erectile Dysfunction↗
Biomedical subjects
S D Rockoff
Publications and source records attributed to S D Rockoff.
The shooting of President Reagan: a radiologic chronology of his medical care.
Radiography of the chest played a central role in the care of President Ronald Reagan who, in 1981, became the only president of the United States to survive being struck by a would-be assassin's bullet. These radiographs not only illustrate the medical events that followed the gunshot wound to the president's chest, but also provide graphic documentation of the president's medical care, suspected complications, and recovery following this near-fatal wound. This report constitutes the only complete pictorial record of the care of President Reagan during that historic episode.
Famous Persons↗
The attempted assassination of President Reagan. Medical implications and historical perspective.
In 1981, President Ronald Reagan became the first incumbent president of the United States to survive being struck by a would-be assassin's bullet. Had President Reagan not survived, the history of this country and the world most certainly would have been changed. This report is the only first-hand account of the details of his medical care and complications following the assassination attempt, an event that emphasizes the vulnerability of presidents to would-be assassins and the importance of readily available expert medical care and facilities to their survival.
Aged↗
Perinephric panniculitis.
Panniculitis is an inflammatory condition of adipose tissue that is mainly seen subcutaneously or intra-abdominally. There have been rare case reports of retroperitoneal involvement but no reported cases of perinephric panniculitis. To our knowledge we report the first documented case of perinephric panniculitis.
Humans↗
Diagnosis of paraesophageal omental hiatal hernia by magnetic resonance imaging.
We present a case of an enlarging retrocardiac mass lesion in which we observed the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) finding of a fatty tumor with contiguous blood vessels extending from the abdominal portion into the thoracic portion of the tumor. These surgically verified findings provide an MRI indication of the presence of a paraesophageal omental hiatal hernia.
Adipose Tissue↗
Tension pyopneumothorax. Rare presentation of ruptured Barrett's esophagus.
Tension pneumothorax following esophageal rupture is very rare. We report a case in which a perforated Barrett's esophagus rapidly developed a spontaneous tension pyopneumothorax. The mechanism for the tension remains obscure. Knowing that a tension pneumothorax can occur with esophageal rupture can help prevent misdiagnosis.
Aged↗
Sterile mediastinal gas mimicking abscess in aortic aneurysm repair.
Six weeks after aortic aneurysm repair, computed tomography (CT) showed mediastinal gas where absorbable gelatin sponge (Gelfoam) was used. A leukocyte scan labeled with indium 111, however, was normal and surgical exploration showed no infection. Sterile gas collections may be seen following absorbable gelatin sponge use many weeks after surgery and 111In-labeled leukocyte scanning may be a useful differential test.
Abscess↗
Noninvasive detection of early asbestos-related disease of the thorax: algorithmic analysis of radiographic, nuclear, and serologic tests.
Improved imaging techniques may assist in the diagnosis of early asbestosis, such as could occur from "asbestos in place." These include (1) increased visualization of visceral pleural thickening, (2) high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT), and (3) gallium scanning, combined with evidence of serum markers indicating inflammation-associated pulmonary collagen formation. Combining these imaging and serum test observations with a clinically useful algorithmic approach may permit the diagnosis of "early" asbestosis, which is not now possible from the individual test results or from an unweighted combination of such data.
Asbestos↗
The founding and the early years of Investigative Radiology.
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History, 20th Century↗
A clinical diagnostic model for the assessment of asbestosis: a new algorithmic approach.
Asbestosis, one of the pneumoconioses that is defined by a set of clinical, radiographic, and pathologic findings, occurs as a result of exposure to asbestos fibers. Several approaches have attempted to describe the presence, progression, or extent of asbestosis. However, these approaches have attempted to describe the presence, progression, or extent of asbestosis. However, these approaches have limitations or lack correlations with other diagnostic modalities. We propose a comprehensive clinical diagnostic model that uses the sensitivities and specificities of the various clinical, radiographic, and pathologic findings to generate a set of "likelihood numbers." These likelihood numbers, contribute to the calculation of a value that can indicate the probability of asbestosis. The clinical diagnostic model is heuristic in that a specific feature supportive of the diagnosis of asbestosis may be tested as to its sensitivity and specificity, and new features may be added to the model. The model also indicates how probabilistic a given set of findings is in the diagnosis of asbestosis and suggests what additional data may make the diagnosis more or less statistically probable. Regarding the radiologic considerations of asbestosis, the strength of the clinical diagnostic model is that it is capable of supporting a diagnosis of asbestosis in the presence of a normal chest radiograph and, conversely, may reject the diagnosis of asbestosis despite the radiographic finding of pulmonary fibrosis.
Algorithms↗
The radiographic pleural abnormalities in asbestos exposure: relationship to physiologic abnormalities.
The effects of asbestos-induced benign pleural conditions on pulmonary function have been controversial since this subject was first studied in the mid-1960s. Firm conclusions have been difficult to reach because of (1) the difficulty of taking into account asbestos exposure, which may have effects on pulmonary function other than those mediated through pleural lesions, (2) the disagreement over the type and extent of radiographic pleural abnormalities, (3) the imprecision in measuring pulmonary function, and (4) the numerous potential confounding factors of reduced pulmonary function, such as cigarette smoking, age, concurrent occupational exposures, and prior chest diseases or trauma. This article critically evaluates the published reports on the functional significance of asbestos-induced pleural conditions. The results of this analysis lead to the conclusion that (1) pleural plaques are not associated with clinically significant reductions in pulmonary function, (2) diffuse pleural thickening, when extensive, can severely impair ventilation, and (3) restriction with a preserved diffusing capacity is the expected pattern when pleural lesions are responsible for reduced pulmonary function.
Asbestos↗
Roentgenographic underestimation of early asbestosis by International Labor Organization classification. Analysis of data and probabilities.
We analyzed the limitations of the International Labor Organization (ILO) classification of chest roentgenograms in predicting the presence of histologically determined early asbestosis. The ILO system is arbitrary, without histologic correlates, and does not consider the asbestos exposure history or clinical and laboratory information. We present data from the literature and our own work which demonstrate that the application of the ILO classification to an asbestos-exposed individual can result in a 10 to 20 percent probability of a "normal" roentgenographic interpretation in the presence of significant asbestosis at the histologic level, leading to an inappropriate conclusion regarding the presence of asbestosis. In view of the data and statistical analysis presented, we suggest that sole reliance upon the ILO classified chest roentgenogram for determination of the presence of early pulmonary asbestosis in individual cases is inappropriate.
Asbestosis↗
Inorganic dust pneumoconioses.
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Asbestos↗
Visceral pleural thickening in asbestos exposure: the occurrence and implications of thickened interlobar fissures.
We evaluated fissural (ie, visceral pleural) thickening on radiographs in two asbestos-exposed study populations and a control group. Asbestos workers had an incidence of fissural thickening of 54.5% compared with 16.0% in the unexposed control group, with a strong positive statistical effect due to asbestos exposure beyond that attributable to age. Fissural thickening occurred in 85% of workers with parietal plaques and in 36% without pleural plaques. Fissural thickening occurred in 45% without radiographic evidence of pulmonary fibrosis, but it was very common (85%) in those with pulmonary fibrosis. Data analysis showed that fissural thickening responds more strongly to asbestos exposure than does plaque formation, with 21 years of asbestos exposure needed for a 50% chance of developing fissural thickening, while 31 years of exposure were needed for a 50% chance of forming pleural plaques. From a second group of 57 asbestos workers evaluated clinically, 8 were diagnosed as having asbestosis with radiographically clear lungs and fissural thickening. We conclude that visceral pleural thickening is common in asbestos exposure, that it is related to the years since first asbestos exposure, and that its presence may indicate the presence of pulmonary asbestosis, even with radiographically normal lungs.
Asbestosis↗
Kaposi's sarcoma of the lung in AIDS: radiologic-pathologic analysis.
Kaposi's sarcoma in patients with AIDS involves the lung more often than it does in the African form of the neoplasm. This article describes the radiographic and histologic features in nine cases of pulmonary Kaposi's sarcoma, uncomplicated by infection, and reviews the radiographic descriptions of 22 similar cases from the literature. Pulmonary parenchymal disease in reported cases and in this series was usually diffuse. Three cases had localized disease. In one of these cases, the localized disease was segmental while in the other two cases, the disease involved a single entire lobe. Hilar adenopathy was noted in three of 22 cases in the literature and in three of nine cases in this series. Pleural effusion was noted in eight of 22 cases in the literature and in three of the nine cases in the current series. Histologic examination of the lung from patients whose radiographs showed predominantly nodular lesions revealed a prevalence of nodules composed of prominent spindle cells with atypical mitotic figures in the nuclei. However, patients having a linear pattern on radiographs showed predominantly thickened interstitium characterized by invasive angiomatous proliferation of irregular slitlike vessels with atypical endothelial cells. The results of this study indicate that in AIDS patients with Kaposi's sarcoma of the lungs, uncomplicated by infection, two distinctive radiographic appearances of the lesions occur and that these two apparently different lesions can be explained by two types of histologic findings that correspond well with the radiographic features.
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
The current state of residency and fellowship training programs in pulmonary and cardiac radiology.
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Canada↗
Benign schwannomas: pathologic basis for CT inhomogeneities.
Four cases of pathologically proven benign schwannoma were reviewed and the histology was compared with the CT appearance. Each tumor was of mixed CT attenuation, which has been thought to be an indication of malignancy. The areas of inhomogeneity on CT in these cases may relate pathologically to confluent areas of hypocellularity adjacent to densely cellular or collagenous regions, xanthomatous change, and/or regions of cystic degeneration. It is concluded that schwannomas may have areas of mixed attenuation on CT, that these areas can probably be explained by distinct findings on pathologic examination, and that inhomogeneity can represent benign or malignant disease.
Adult↗
Unusual manifestations of thoracic sarcoidosis.
Thoracic sarcoidosis is a common disease, and its usual radiographic manifestations have been well described and are readily recognized. However, most physicians are not familiar with the unusual and often confusing manifestations of thoracic sarcoid, which have been sporadically reported. Using information derived from a systematic review of the literature and clinical material from our own institutions, a classification has been developed of the unusual thoracic manifestations of sarcoidosis, and their relative incidence has been determined and tabulated. These include lesions of the osseous, pleural, mediastinal, hilar, bronchial, pulmonary parenchymal, vascular, and cardiac structures. The information presented in this review is intended to provide physicians with a single comprehensive source to assist them when atypical radiographic findings of thoracic sarcoidosis are a diagnostic consideration.
Bronchial Diseases↗