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Biomedical subjects

S D Shetty

Publications and source records attributed to S D Shetty.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2001

Glanzmann's thrombasthenia.

Glanzmann's thrombasthenia (GT) is an uncommon cause of bleeding in children. We diagnosed two siblings as having GT on the basis of flow cytometric studies. Both had cutaneous bleedings and epistaxis since early childhood. Hematological investigations revealed prolonged bleeding time and a normal platelet count. Both the patients had absence of aggregation of platelets with the agonist adenosine diphosphate. Absence of the GPIIb/IIIa receptor was confirmed by flow cytometry. A short review of the disorder is presented.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed2001

Management of partial segmental priapism.

We report the cases of 2 patients with partial segmental priapism. The patients presented with pain, a perineal mass, and proximal segmental corporal thrombosis. Treatment consisted of a proximal corpus cavernosal-spongiosum shunt. Diagnostic considerations, literature review, and treatment options are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Changes in in vivo optical properties and light distributions in normal canine prostate during photodynamic therapy.

The optical absorption and transport scattering coefficients of normal prostate tissue have been measured in vivo in dogs. The measurements were made at 630 nm before and during treatment by Photofin photodynamic therapy using interstitial optical fiber fluence-rate detectors. Corresponding measurements were made ex vivo, at 1 week after treatment, in the contralateral lobe. The optical properties were derived by applying a diffusion theory model to the fluence rates measured at two different source-detector fiber distances. While the in vivo pretreatment and in vivo contralateral post-treatment absorption and scattering values are self-consistent and in agreement with published data, significant changes were observed in the light fluence rates, and hence in the derived optical properties, during light irradiation. The possible causes of such changes are considered, and the implications for light dosimetry in photodynamic therapy are discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

Bilateral bone anchor vaginal vault suspension: an initial report of a new technique.

Vaginal vault prolapse is usually treated by sacrospinous fixation. Although this procedure is very effective, it is associated with various complications that include injury to the pudendal neurovascular structures, the sciatic nerve, and/or chronic gluteal pain. A safer and simpler modification of sacrospinous vaginal vault suspension using the Vesica bone anchor kit is reported. Vaginal vault prolapse was corrected in six patients by suspending the apex of the vaginal vault to the ischial spine with Vesica bone anchors. Bladder neck suspension and correction of other vault pathology was performed at the same time. All patients had complete relief of their prolapse and have demonstrated no recurrence during the brief mean follow-up period of 7 months.

Aged↗
PubMed1993

The source of organisms in the post-prostatectomy bacteriuria of patients with pre-operative sterile urine.

Ninety patients undergoing prostatectomy for benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) with sterile urine pre-operatively were prospectively studied for post-prostatectomy bacteriuria; 26 of 90 patients (29%) developed bacteriuria (18 of 64 after transurethral resection (TUR) and 8 of 26 after open prostatectomy), of whom 15 had pre-operative indwelling urethral catheters. The correlation of bacteriuria with several factors was studied, namely the presence of a histological inflammatory reaction within the prostatic adenoma, prostatic culture, intra-operative outgoing irrigation fluid culture, intra-operative blood culture and post-operative external meatal swab culture. The only significant correlation was between bacteriuria and meatal cultures. It was concluded that post-prostatectomy bacteriuria is probably caused by post-operative ascending infection along urethral catheters. There was not enough evidence to ascribe bacteriuria to pre-existing septic foci within the adenoma. Intra-operative contamination and infection from distant foci were also unlikely causes.

Aged↗
PubMed1992

Specific investigations in chronic urinary bilharziasis.

Seventy-two patients with histologically confirmed chronic urinary bilharziasis were studied for the reliability of some specific investigative tools in diagnosing this disease, namely urinalysis, serology, urography, and cystoscopy. Of the 72 patients 36 (50%) had hematuria and only 3 (4%) had ova of Schistosoma haematobium on urinalysis. Sixty-two patients (86%) had features of bilharziasis on intravenous urography (IVU). Of the remaining 10 patients with negative urography 6 underwent serology and all had positive results. Of the total patients 52 underwent serology and 49 had significant bilharzial antibody titer (94.2%). At cystoscopy all patients (100%) had features of bilharziasis. It is concluded that the most reliable diagnostic tools in chronic urinary bilharziasis are cystoscopy, serology, and to a lesser extent urography. Unlike early bilharziasis, chronic bilharziasis can be missed if total reliance is placed on urinalysis for screening a population at risk.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Hydatid disease of the urinary tract: evaluation of diagnostic methods.

Eight patients with histologically proven hydatid disease of the urinary tract underwent eosinophil count, ultrasonography (US) and computed tomography (CT). The findings were compared with those in 8 age-matched controls with simple renal cysts. Eosinophilia was not significantly different in the 2 groups. Mixed echogenicity on US and multivesicular cyst with mixed density on CT were the diagnostic features of hydatid cysts. Using these factors, both US and CT could diagnose or exclude hydatid disease in a significant number of patients with renal cysts. However, CT was more sensitive (88 vs 50%) and accurate (94 vs 75%) than US in the diagnosis of urinary tract hydatid disease. Retrograde pyelography confirmed communicating renal hydatid cysts in 2 patients. A practical algorithm for the investigation of urinary tract hydatid disease is suggested.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Management of hydatid cysts of the urinary tract.

Eleven patients with hydatid disease of the urinary tract have been seen in the last 5 years. Seven patients had cysts of the kidneys and 4 had large retrovesical hydatids. Seven of the 8 patients with renal hydatids presented with loin pain and mass. Three patients with renal communicating hydatids also presented with haematuria which was due to passing "grape skin" (hydatid membrane) in the urine. Two patients with retrovesical hydatids had bladder outflow obstruction and 2 had bilateral ureteric obstruction leading to uraemia. Eight of 11 patients had associated hydatids of other organs such as the liver (4 patients), peritoneal cavity (2) and lungs (1). Computed tomography was the most useful and specific investigation. In both renal and pelvic (retrovesical) hydatid cysts, endocystectomy with either partial excision or plication of the ectocyst is the standard treatment. In renal communicating hydatids the options are either nephrectomy (partial or total) or endocystectomy with closure of the communication. The use of cryocone and scolicidal agents is mandatory during surgery.

Echinococcosis↗
PubMed1992

The current role of prostatic acid phosphatase and prostate-specific antigen in the management of prostate cancer.

Although PSA is considered to be the true serum marker of prostatic tissue and a valuable indicator for cancer in the gland, knowledge of its significance and limitations is essential to its use for screening, staging, and monitoring CAP. PSA may be used in conjunction with DRE for early detection of CAP. Men with abnormal DRE should have a TRUS with or without biopsy. In men older than 50 years and with negative DRE and PSA < 4 ng/mL, annual evaluations are prudent. In patients with a PSA range of 4.0 to 9.9 ng/mL, high-risk groups such as black males and those with a positive family history should have TRUS. Males with negative DRE in the PSA range of 4.0 to 9.9 ng/mL should have TRUS to evaluate prostate volume and PSAD. Biopsy should be considered in those with PSAD > 0.15. Men with PSA > 10 ng/mL, even in the presence of an enlarged benign prostate, should have multiple directed biopsies under TRUS guidance.

Acid Phosphatase↗
PubMed1991

Prognostic factors in the conservative treatment of ureteric stones.

A prospective study was made of 125 ureteric stones in order to detect factors which would predict the successful outcome of conservative treatment. The factors studied were the duration of pain prior to presentation, pyuria, haematuria, surface regularity of the stone and the degree of obstruction as seen radiologically. In stones less than or equal to 10 mm in size, conservative treatment was successful when the duration of pain was less than 30 days (39/45), when there was no significant pyuria (53/82), when the stones had an irregular surface (44/65) and when obstruction was only partial (55/88). Since most of these factors were interactive, further statistical analysis showed that duration of pain was the only significant factor in predicting the outcome of conservative treatment. In stones greater than 10 mm in size these factors had no predictive value and only 2/23 were passed spontaneously on conservative treatment.

Hematuria↗
PubMed1991

Bilharzial vesicoureteric reflux and bladder neck stenosis: fact or fiction?

A group of 47 patients with histologically confirmed chronic urinary bilharziasis underwent micturating cystourethrography to look for vesicoureteric reflux (VUR) and bladder neck stenosis (BNS); 13 patients were found to have VUR of varying grades (8 unilateral and 5 bilateral). None had evidence of BNS. Urinary tract infection (UTI), loin pain, hydroureter and renal failure were compared in patients with and without VUR. Of the 13 patients with reflux, 3 had UTI, loin pain was present in 8, 11 had an ipsilateral hydroureter and 2 presented with renal failure. In the 34 patients without reflux, 8 had UTI, loin pain was present in 22, 30 had hydroureter and 3 presented with renal failure. It was concluded that the incidence of UTI, loin pain, hydroureter and renal deterioration associated with bilharzial VUR was not significantly different from that found in bilharzial patients without VUR. Thus the clinical significance and the need for surgical correction of isolated VUR in bilharziasis are questionable.

Acute Kidney Injury↗
PubMed1988

Genito-urinary complications of brucellosis.

Twelve cases of genito-urinary complications of brucellosis are presented. Ten patients had epididymo-orchitis, 1 presented with right hydronephrosis and 1 with haematuria and dysuria. The 10 cases of epididymo-orchitis were compared with 15 cases of acute non-specific epididymo-orchitis. The former were of longer duration and were not associated with lower urinary tract symptoms; almost all of these patients had ingested unpasteurised milk. Non-specific epididymo-orchitis had a more acute onset, shorter duration and was associated more frequently with pyuria, lower urinary tract symptoms, higher leucocyte counts and insignificant brucella titres. The distinction between these two types of epididymo-orchitis is essential, since the treatments are entirely different.

Adolescent↗