PubMed Health⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

S D Stansberry

Publications and source records attributed to S D Stansberry.

12 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

Postnatal development of T lymphocytes in a novel X-linked immunodeficiency disease.

We previously reported an X-linked combined immunodeficiency disease (CID) characterized by immune deficiencies and complicating infections that were more moderate than those found in severe CID (SCID). Since other unstudied males in the family died in infancy, we questioned whether this T cell defect was more profound in early life. Subsequently, the development of blood T cells in an affected newborn male was examined. T cells were virtually undetectable at 48 hr. Over the next several months, CD4+ T cells (principally CD45RO+) rose to levels similar to those found in older affected males, but CD8+ T cells developed more slowly and never attained levels found in other affected males. Thus, this disease in early life mimics SCID and may pose a higher risk of fatal infections to affected individuals during that period. Finally, we speculate that the genetic defect may disrupt intrathymic development or selection of T cells.

Antibodies, Bacterial↗
PubMed1991

Ultrasonographic detection of free peritoneal fluid in uncomplicated intussusception.

Two cases of intussusception with free peritoneal fluid detected by ultrasound are presented. In neither of these cases was the fluid associated with perforation or intestinal compromise. After assessing the findings in these patients, we believe that small amounts of fluid may well be present in uncomplicated intussusception. Furthermore, we feel that its presence should not constitute a contraindication to nonsurgical reduction if no associated clinical findings to suggest perforation or intestinal compromise are present.

Ascitic Fluid↗
PubMed1991

Antropyloric muscle thickness at US in infants: what is normal?

The authors reviewed the ultrasonographic (US) images and medical records of 145 consecutive infants who were seen for evaluation of the upper gastrointestinal tract because of chronic vomiting and/or regurgitation. At US, the antropyloric muscle of each patient was measured in the midlongitudinal plane. On the basis of this measurement, the patients were divided into the following categories: group 1 (1-2 mm; 99 patients), group 2 (greater than or equal to 3 mm; 40 patients), and group 3 (2- less than 3 mm; six patients). Patients in group 1 were considered to have normal antropyloric muscle thickness, those in group 2 had abnormal thickness, and those in group 3 had muscle thickness that was not definitely normal or abnormal. The final clinical diagnoses for all of the infants in the three groups confirmed the authors' initial impressions that antropyloric muscle thickness of less than 2 mm was anatomically normal, muscle measuring 3 mm or greater was abnormal and diagnostic for pyloric stenosis, and muscle from 2 to less than 3 mm was abnormal but not specifically diagnostic for pyloric stenosis. Two of the six patients in group 3 eventually were diagnosed as having pyloric stenosis; thus, the authors believe that only those patients with antropyloric muscle less than 2 mm thick should be considered unequivocably normal.

Female↗
PubMed1991

Mediastinal pseudomass caused by compression of the thymus in neonates with anterior pneumothorax.

We studied the radiographs of 115 neonates with anterior pneumothoraces to determine how often the pneumothorax created the impression of a mediastinal pseudomass. The pseudomass results from compression of the thymus gland by air under pressure. To the unwary, the resulting configuration can lead to an erroneous diagnosis of a mediastinal mass. In experienced hands, however, it can serve as a strong clue to the presence of an underlying anterior pneumothorax. A pseudomass was present in 27 (33%) of 82 neonates with unilateral pneumothoraces and in 29 (88%) of the 33 patients with bilateral anterior pneumothoraces. A free lung edge was visualized in 26% of the patients with a unilateral pseudomass and in 55% of the neonates with a bilateral pseudomass. The pseudomass was large enough to potentially lead to a misdiagnosis in one third of the cases. In the other neonates the mass was smaller and not particularly problematic. The majority of the neonates with pseudomasses were large, not intubated, and not on positive-pressure assisted ventilation. Over half had no underlying pulmonary disease. The appearance of a mediastinal pseudomass on radiographs of neonates can obscure a pneumothorax, and lead to an erroneous diagnosis. Recognition of the pseudomass as a manifestation of pneumothoraces is important.

Diagnosis, Differential↗
PubMed1991

Radiographic manifestations of anomalies of the chest wall.

Congenital anomalies of the thoracic wall in children as isolated findings are not particularly common. Indeed, some are so uncommon or peculiar that they become very puzzling to the observer. This article deals with many of these conditions and also with the thoracic wall as it might be used for the identification of various syndromes and dwarfing entities.

Clavicle↗
PubMed1990

Enteric duplication cysts in children: are their ultrasonographic wall characteristics diagnostic?

We reviewed eight cases of gastrointestinal duplication cysts to determine whether the combination of an echogenic inner mucosal layer and hypoechoic outer muscular layer could be seen consistently enough to be of diagnostic value. We compared our findings to those seen in twenty-seven other abdominal cysts and conclude that when identified together, the two layers are highly suggestive, if not completely diagnostic of enteric duplication cysts.

Abdomen↗
PubMed1990

Significance of age, duration, obstruction and the dissection sign in intussusception.

A retrospective study of sixty consecutive cases of proven intussusception with attempt at contrast enema reduction was performed to evaluate currently proposed contraindications to such reduction. When patient age, duration of symptoms, presence of small bowel obstruction and presence of a dissection sign were considered alone, none of the findings indicated irreducibility. Our overall reduction rate was 72% with a complication rate of 3%. This is similar to previously reported series and we concur with more recent publications that the only contraindications to non-surgical reduction of intussusception are free intraperitoneal air, peritonitis or evidence of infarcted bowel. Only when we encountered a combination of symptoms being present for greater than 48 hours and the presence of both small bowel obstruction and a dissection sign was reduction likely to be unsuccessful. However, the presence of a prognostic indicator occurring alone should not be considered a contraindication.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1990

Tuberculosis in infants and children.

During the past several years, the previously steady decline in the annual incidence of tuberculosis has reversed. Primary tuberculosis, the most common form in children, presents with radiographic findings that are quite different from the characteristic changes of postprimary tuberculosis commonly seen in adults. This article presents the common manifestations of primary pulmonary tuberculosis, endobronchial tuberculosis, and hematogenous tuberculosis that are seen in infants and children. The less common findings of pleural tuberculosis, congenital tuberculosis, and tuberculosis of the spine are also addressed. Recognition of the characteristic changes of childhood tuberculosis on chest radiographs may lead to more prompt diagnosis and earlier therapy for children with this disease.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Significance of ulnar styloid fractures in childhood.

Ulnar styloid fractures make up a common component of wrist fractures. In children, fractures of the distal radius often can be subtle. Our retrospective study of 222 children with wrist fractures showed that ulnar styloid fractures seldom occur as isolated injuries. Therefore, they serve as an extremely useful signal for the presence of an associated radial fracture. It was noted that some ulnar styloid fractures remain ununited, giving the appearance of a secondary ossification center of the ulnar styloid process.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Pulmonary vascularity in pediatric heart disease.

In children, analysis of pulmonary vascularity can provide useful information about cardiac and noncardiac abnormalities. The abnormal vascular patterns encountered in children with heart disease include (1) active engorgement, (2) passive congestion, (3) diminished pulmonary blood flow, (4) cephalad redistribution, and (5) unequal blood flow. Familiarity with these various patterns enables the clinician to produce relevant differential diagnoses for each. With additional study of the cardiac chambers, great vessels, and other radiographic findings, a specific diagnosis may often be suggested.

Child↗
PubMed1989

Sonographic pitfalls in imaging of the antropyloric region in infants.

Certain pitfalls exist in the sonographic evaluation of the antrum in infants who are vomiting. Unless one is aware of these pitfalls, one can make erroneous diagnoses, miss diagnoses, or obtain erroneous measurements of both the mucosal and muscular layers. A discussion of these pitfalls and how to avoid them is presented.

Humans↗