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Biomedical subjects

S D White

Publications and source records attributed to S D White.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1995

Sebaceous adenitis in dogs and results of treatment with isotretinoin and etretinate: 30 cases (1990-1994).

Medical records of 30 dogs with histologically confirmed sebaceous adenitis that were treated with isotretinoin or etretinate were reviewed. Akitas and Standard Poodles were overrepresented, compared with the general hospital population. Thirteen dogs had concurrent pyoderma. The retinoids were administered for a minimum of 2 months. Dosage for the 13 dogs treated with isotretinoin only ranged from 0.8 to 3.5 mg/kg of body weight/d (mean, 1.4 mg/kg/d). Dosage for the 10 dogs treated with etretinate only ranged from 0.7 to 1.8 mg/kg/d (mean, 1.1 mg/kg/d). Two dogs were first given isotretinoin (mean dosage, 1.5 mg/kg/d) and, when they did not respond, were subsequently given etretinate (mean dosage, 0.85 mg/kg/d). Five dogs were first given etretinate (mean dosage, 1 mg/kg/d) and, when they did not respond, were subsequently given isotretinoin (mean dosage, 1.6 mg/kg/d). For the 20 dogs treated with isotretinoin, 1 was lost to follow-up; 9 of the remaining 19 had a successful outcome (> 50% reduction in severity of scaling and extent of alopecia, compared with pretreatment appearance). For the 17 dogs treated with etretinate, 9 had a successful outcome. Outcome could not be predicted on the basis of clinical signs or histologic findings, and a prognosis could not be determined on the basis of whether sebaceous glands were evident histologically.

Alopecia↗
PubMed1994

Diseases of the nasal planum.

The most common clinical sign for owners to seek veterinary care in reference to the nasal planum is depigmentation in dogs and ulceration in cats. Proliferative (nodular) diseases are less common in dogs than in cats, because cats are more prone to develop squamous cell carcinoma of the nasal planum. Because a wide variety of diseases may present with similar clinical signs, the most helpful diagnostic test (after a thorough history and physical examination) is a skin biopsy. Discoid lupus erythematosus is the most common disease affecting the nasal planum of dogs in the author's practice.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Use of tetracycline and niacinamide for treatment of autoimmune skin disease in 31 dogs.

A combination of niacinamide and tetracycline was used to treat 31 dogs with various autoimmune skin diseases (discoid lupus erythematosus, pemphigus foliaceus, pemphigus erythematosus, and bullous pemphigoid). Of the 20 dogs with discoid lupus erythematosus, 70% had excellent or good response to treatment. Serious side effects were not noticed in any dog.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Plasma cell stomatitis-pharyngitis in cats: 40 cases (1973-1991).

Clinical signs, laboratory findings, and treatment results of 40 cats with the histologic diagnosis of plasma cell stomatitis-pharyngitis are discussed. Median age was 7.1 years, with no discernable sex predilection. Anorexia and difficulty prehending food were the most common clinical signs. Hyperproteinemia with associated hyperglobulinemia was the most common laboratory finding. Of various treatments, administration of corticosteroids or injectable gold (aurothioglucose) proved most effective in controlling the clinical signs.

Adrenal Cortex Hormones↗
PubMed1992

Inhibition of lipid deposition in the hypercholesterolemic rat by clentiazem, a calcium channel blocker.

We studied the effects of clentiazem, a calcium channel blocker (1) on the accumulation of lipid in the aorta, (2) on the level of plasma lipids, and (3) on the number of adherent intimal monocytes and foam cells. Seventy Wistar rats were assigned to one of the following groups: (1) regular diet, (2) an atherogenic diet consisting of regular chow with 2% cholesterol, 1% cholic acid, and 0.5% thiouracil (CCT), (3) CCT supplemented with 5 mg/kg/day clentiazem, and (4) CCT with 25 mg/kg/day clentiazem. Animals were sacrificed after 6 or 12 weeks of diet. Aortas were studied by light microscopy after staining with oil red O (ORO) and/or hematoxylin. ORO staining was quantified in both abdominal and thoracic regions of the aorta. The aortas of the clentiazem groups demonstrated significantly less ORO staining than CCT diet controls in thoracic aorta after 6 weeks and abdominal aorta after 12 weeks. There was no significant difference in the plasma lipid concentrations. The clentiazem-treated groups had fewer numbers of adherent monocytes and foam cells. We conclude that clentiazem inhibits lipid deposition in cholesterol-fed rats without lowering plasma lipid concentrations and that the number of intimal monocytes and foam cells is decreased in the presence of this calcium antagonist.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Adolescent sexual behavior.

Pregnancy and sexually transmitted diseases among adolescents is considered a major problem in our society. The purpose of this study is to review the past five years of professional literature on adolescent sexuality to determine the factors which influence this social phenomenon as well as effective interventions. The importance of the family and religion on sexual attitudes and behaviors, how sexual activity is related to other age-related behaviors and delinquency, the relationship between early coital behaviors and the risk of pregnancy and sexually transmitted diseases, and attitudes toward contraception and abstinence are discussed. Also addressed are the possible psychological effects of sexual activity on the development of the adolescent.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Investigation of antibodies to extractable nuclear antigens in dogs.

Determination of antibodies to specific nuclear antigens, termed extractable nuclear antigen (ENA), was investigated in healthy dogs and in dogs with autoimmune, inflammatory, and neoplastic diseases. Using a counterimmunoelectrophoresis method, the dogs' sera were tested for antibodies against the nuclear antigens single-stranded DNA, Sm, Ro, La, ribonucleoprotein, Scl, and proliferating cell nuclear antigen. Antibodies to the Ro antigen were found in 1 dog with discoid lupus erythematosus, in 1 dog with pemphigus erythematosus, and in 1 dog with facial pyoderma and chronic superficial keratitis. In 15 dogs, antibodies were detected to ENA, but the precipitin lines were too weak to identify the specific ENA. These antibodies were found in some dogs with systemic lupus erythematosus, discoid lupus erythematosus, pemphigus erythematosus, dermatomyositis, vitiligo, lymphoma; in the dog with facial pyoderma and chronic superficial keratitis; and in 1 healthy dog. The highest percentage of dogs with antibodies to ENA in a large series (greater than 8) of this study was in dogs with systemic lupus erythematosus (4 of 13; 31%).

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Metabolism of the platelet-activating factor antagonist (+/-)-trans-2-(3'-methoxy-5'-methylsulphonyl-4'-propoxyphenyl)-5-(3",4" ,5"- trimethoxyphenyl)tetrahydrofuran (L-659,989) in rhesus monkeys.

1. The plasma concentration, main route of metabolism and excretion of 3H-L-659,989 were studied in male and female rhesus monkeys by dosing either i.v. or orally at 10 mg/kg. 2. The percentage of the AUC for the plasma radioactivity concentration-time curve of oral vs i.v. dosed monkeys was 78% for males and 90% for females, indicating that the dose was well absorbed. 3. The bioavailability of the drug was low (less than or equal to 10%) for all monkeys, probably due to rapid first pass metabolism. The drug was metabolized-predominantly at the C-4'-propoxy side-chain. The two major plasma metabolites were identified as the 4'-2-(hydroxy)propoxy metabolite (3H-trans-4'-HP) and the 4'-hydroxy metabolite (3H-4'-hydroxy) which was isolated as a 2:1 mixture of (+/-)trans: (+/-)cis. 4. Approx. 80% of the radiolabelled dose was excreted equally in the urine and faeces in 96 h, with the largest percentage of the tritiated dose (31 +/- 4%) in the 0-24 h urine. 5. The major metabolites in the excreta were the (+/-)trans/(+/-)cis mixture of 3H-4'-hydroxy and the glucuronide conjugate of 3H-trans-4'-hydroxy. The glucuronide conjugate of 3H-trans-4'-hydroxy was excreted in the urine of i.v. and orally dosed monkeys and represented an average of 21% and 5.1% of the dose, respectively. 3H-4'-Hydroxy was excreted in both the urine and faeces, accounting for less than or equal to 0.1% and 7.4% of the dose in i.v. and orally dosed monkeys, respectively.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Naltrexone for treatment of acral lick dermatitis in dogs.

Acral lick dermatitis (lick granuloma) was diagnosed in 11 dogs on the basis of history, physical examination, and histopathologic findings. A predilection for the left forelimb was noticed. All 11 dogs were given the narcotic antagonist naltrexone. Successful treatment (cessation of licking, reepithelialization of lesions) was seen in 7 dogs. All 7 dogs' lesions recurred when naltrexone was stopped, but reepithelialized in 5 dogs when the drug was readministered. Adverse effects (drowsiness, withdrawal from owner) were seen in 1 dog, but resolved within 48 hours of stopping the drug.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Juvenile cellulitis in dogs: 15 cases (1979-1988).

The records of 15 dogs diagnosed as having juvenile cellulitis (juvenile pyoderma, puppy strangles) were evaluated for clinical, laboratory, and therapeutic results. Mandibular lymphadenopathy was observed in 14 dogs, and was not associated with skin lesions in 5 dogs. Edema, pustules, papules, or crusts were noticed periorally, periocularly, on the chin or muzzle, or in the ears of those dogs with skin lesions. Eight dogs were lethargic; fever and anorexia were inconsistent findings. Four dogs had signs of pain on manipulation of their joints. Complete blood counts revealed leukocytosis with neutrophilia in 4 dogs, and normocytic, normochromic anemia in 6 dogs. Three dogs had suppurative lymphadenitis with many neutrophils. Cytology of the aspirate of pustules or abscesses in 6 dogs revealed many neutrophils without bacteria. Coagulase-positive Staphylococcus spp were isolated from draining lesions in 2 dogs. Intact abscesses and lymph nodes were negative for bacterial growth in 4 dogs. Three of these dogs were being administered antibiotics at the time of bacterial culturing. Cytology of the aspirates of joints in 3 of the 4 dogs with joint pain revealed suppurative arthritis with no bacteria, and the aspirates were negative for bacterial growth on culturing, although all 3 dogs were being administered antibiotics at the time of culturing. Of 12 dogs initially treated with antibiotics, only 4 (33%) responded favorably; the other 8 dogs were then given antibiotics and corticosteroids. Three dogs were initially given antibiotics and corticosteroids. All dogs treated concurrently with antibiotics and corticosteroids responded favorably. One of these dogs had a relapse after treatment was discontinued. The concurrent arthritis in 4 of the dogs resolved with treatment of the juvenile cellulitis and did not redevelop once the medication was discontinued. Concurrent treatment with antibiotics (cephalosporins) and prednisone (2.2 mg/kg of body weight/day) was the most consistently effective treatment in the dogs in this study.

Adrenal Cortex Hormones↗
PubMed1989

Food hypersensitivity in cats: 14 cases (1982-1987)

Food hypersensitivity was diagnosed in 14 cats. Clinical signs varied; pruritus (100%), alopecia (64%), and papules (21%) were the ones most commonly observed. Pruritus was localized principally to the head or to the neck or ear region in 42% of the cats. Diagnosis was made on the basis of resolution of clinical signs when cats were fed a restricted ("hypoallergenic") diet, and recurrence of signs when cats were fed their original diet or other food. The most common allergens (on the basis of dietary challenge exposure) were fish and dairy products. Age or sex predilection was not observed, and 9 (64%) of the cats were domestic shorthairs. Owners could not relate the onset of clinical signs with a recent change in diet. Three cats had concurrent flea bite, inhalant, or flea collar hypersensitivity.

Animal Feed↗
PubMed1988

Acquired cutaneous lymphangiectasis in a dog.

A 3-year-old male mixed-breed dog had swelling of the penile sheath, which developed after the dog was castrated at 1 year of age. Physical examination revealed pitting edema and multiple turgid vesicles on the prepuce and inguinal area. Histologic evaluation of the vesicles revealed thin epidermis elevated by dermal proliferation of dilated lymphatic channels. The diagnosis was acquired cutaneous lymphangiectasia. Clinical signs resolved concurrent with furosemide administration. Preputial swelling without vesicles recurred 1 and 2 years later and partially resolved after furosemide administration.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Use of narcotic antagonists to modify stereotypic self-licking, self-chewing, and scratching behavior in dogs.

We evaluated 2 narcotic antagonists, naltrexone and nalmefene, for treatment of refractory self-licking, self-chewing, and scratching behavior in dogs. Eleven dogs with various irritative or pruritic disorders were medicated with naltrexone (1 mg/kg of body weight, sc) or nalmefene (1 to 4 mg/kg, sc), after a period of control observation during which the dogs had not been medicated. The time for which the dogs were involved in self-licking, self-chewing, or scratching was determined retrospectively by analysis of videotapes. The rates of involvement in either activity before and after treatment were calculated and compared statistically. Treatment with a narcotic antagonist significantly reduced the time spent self-licking, self-chewing, or scratching in 7 of 11 dogs, was partially effective in 3 dogs, and was ineffective in one dog. Dogs with acral lick dermatitis responded most to treatment.

Animals↗