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Biomedical subjects

S Damon

Publications and source records attributed to S Damon.

8 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1995

CPR instruction by videotape: results of a community project.

STUDY OBJECTIVE: To increase the rate of bystander CPR in a community by use of a free, mailed, 10-minute videotape of CPR instruction. DESIGN: Prospective, randomized intervention trial. One half of the households (8,659) received the free videotape (video-tape group) and were considered the intervention group, and one half (8,659) served as the control (no-videotape group). All households were followed from December 1991 to March 1993 to determine whether a cardiac arrest occurred and who initiated CPR. A telephone interview obtained additional information about circumstances of the arrest and whether members of the household viewed the videotape. SETTING: City of Everett and South Snohomish County, Washington. A commercial mailing list was used to identify 17,318 households with a head of the household who was more than 50 years old. PARTICIPANTS: A case was defined as a cardiac arrest in which CPR was initiated or continued by emergency medical services personnel. Only cardiac arrests due to presumed underlying heart disease were included. Arrests occurring after arrival of emergency medical services personnel were not included. INTERVENTIONS: The intervention was a free 10-minute videotape with CPR instructions mailed to the 8,659 intervention households. Paramedic run reports were reviewed and interviews were conducted with cardiac arrest bystanders to determine who initiated CPR and whether they had received and viewed the videotape. RESULTS: Sixty-five cardiac arrests occurred in the study households: 31 in households that received the videotape and 34 in households that did not review the videotape. The overall rate of bystander CPR was 47% in the videotape group and 53% in the no-videotape group (P = NS). In nine cardiac arrests, an individual was present who had watched the videotape; six of these nine cases (66%) had bystander CPR. CONCLUSION: Mass mailings of CPR instructional videos are likely to be ineffective in increasing the rate of bystander CPR in a community.

Aged↗
PubMed1991

Mendelian factors underlying quantitative traits in tomato: comparison across species, generations, and environments.

As part of ongoing studies regarding the genetic basis of quantitative variation in phenotype, we have determined the chromosomal locations of quantitative trait loci (QTLs) affecting fruit size, soluble solids concentration, and pH, in a cross between the domestic tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) and a closely-related wild species, L. cheesmanii. Using a RFLP map of the tomato genome, we compared the inheritance patterns of polymorphisms in 350 F2 individuals with phenotypes scored in three different ways: (1) from the F2 progeny themselves, grown near Davis, California; (2) from F3 families obtained by selfing each F2 individual, grown near Gilroy, California (F3-CA); and (3) from equivalent F3 families grown near Rehovot, Israel (F3-IS). Maximum likelihood methods were used to estimate the approximate chromosomal locations, phenotypic effects (both additive effects and dominance deviations), and gene action of QTLs underlying phenotypic variation in each of these three environments. A total of 29 putative QTLs were detected in the three environments. These QTLs were distributed over 11 of the 12 chromosomes, accounted for 4.7-42.0% of the phenotypic variance in a trait, and showed different types of gene action. Among these 29 QTLs, 4 were detected in all three environments, 10 in two environments, and 15 in only a single environment. The two California environments were most similar, sharing 11/25 (44%) QTLs, while the Israel environment was quite different, sharing 7/20 (35%) and 5/26 (19%) QTLs with the respective California environments. One major goal of QTL mapping is to predict, with maximum accuracy, which individuals will produce progeny showing particular phenotypes. Traditionally, the phenotype of an individual alone has been used to predict the phenotype of its progeny. Our results suggested that, for a trait with low heritability (soluble solids), the phenotype of F3 progeny could be predicted more accurately from the genotype of the F2 parent at QTLs than from the phenotype of the F2 individual. For a trait with intermediate heritability (fruit pH), QTL genotype and observed phenotype were about equally effective at predicting progeny phenotype. For a trait with high heritability (mass per fruit), knowing the QTL genotype of an individual added little if any predictive value, to simply knowing the phenotype. The QTLs mapped in the L. esculentum X L. cheesmanii F2 appear to be at similar locations to many of those mapped in a previous cross with a different wild tomato (L. chmielewskii).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

Biological Evolution↗
PubMed1990

Survival rates from out-of-hospital cardiac arrest: recommendations for uniform definitions and data to report.

Survival rates for out-of-hospital cardiac arrest vary widely among locations. We surveyed the definitions used in published studies of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. Data from 74 studies involving 36 communities showed survival rates ranging from 2% to 44%. There were five different case definitions and 11 different definitions of survivors. The absence of uniform definitions prevents meaningful intersystem comparisons, prohibits explorations of hypotheses about effective interventions, and interferes with the efforts of quality assurance. The most satisfactory numerator for a survival rate appears to be survival to hospital discharge; the most appropriate denominator appears to be witnessed adult cardiac arrest of presumed heart disease etiology, with ventricular fibrillation as the initial identified rhythm. Proposed definitions for the data emergency medical services systems should report as they examine their cardiac arrest survival rates are presented.

Emergency Medical Services↗
PubMed1988

Sink Metabolism in Tomato Fruit : II. Phloem Unloading and Sugar Uptake.

Analysis of [(3)H]-(fructosyl)-sucrose translocation in tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) indicates that phloem unloading in the fruit occurs, at least in part, to the apoplast followed by extracellular hydrolysis. Apoplastic sucrose, glucose, and fructose concentrations were estimated as 1 to 7, 12 to 49, and 8 to 63 millimolar, respectively in the tomato fruit pericarp tissue. Hexose concentrations were at least four-fold greater than sucrose at all developmental stages. Short-term uptake of [(14)C]sucrose, -glucose, and -fructose in tomato pericarp disks showed first order kinetics over the physiologically relevant concentration range. The uptake rate of [(14)C]-(glucosyl)-1'-fluorosucrose was identical to the rate of [(14)C]sucrose uptake, suggesting sucrose may be taken up directly without prior extracellular hydrolysis. Short-term uptake of all three sugars was insensitive to 10 micromolar carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenylhydrazone and to 10 micromolar p-chloromercuribenzene sulfonic acid. However, long-term accumulation of glucose was sensitive to carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenylhydrazone. Together these results suggest that although sucrose is at least partially hydrolyzed in the apoplast, sucrose may enter the metabolic carbohydrate pool directly. In addition, sugar uptake across the plasma membrane does not appear to be energy dependent, suggesting that sugar accumulation in the tomato fruit is driven by subsequent intracellular metabolism and/or active uptake at the tonoplast.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1988

Sink Metabolism in Tomato Fruit : III. Analysis of Carbohydrate Assimilation in a Wild Species.

Carbohydrate composition and key enzymes involved in carbohydrate metabolism were assayed throughout development of Lycopersicon esculentum and L. chmielewskii fruit. Translocation and assimilation of asymmetric sucrose and total soluble solids content was also determined in both species. The data showed that L. chmielewskii accumulated less starch than L. esculentum, and this was related to a lower level of ADPglucose pyrophosphorylase and a higher level of phosphorylase in L. chmielewskii. L. chmielewskii accumulated sucrose throughout fruit development rather than glucose and fructose which were accumulated by L. esculentum. A low level of invertase and nondetectable levels of sucrose synthase were associated with the high level of sucrose in L. chmielewskii. Translocation and assimilation of asymmetrically labeled sucrose indicated that sucrose accumulated in L. chmielewskii fruit was imported and stored directly in the fruit without intervening metabolism along the translocation path. In contrast, the relatively low level of radioactive sucrose found in L. esculentum fruit appeared to arise from hydrolysis and resynthesis of sucrose. The possible relationship between the level of soluble solids and differences in carbohydrate metabolism in sink tissue of the two species is discussed.

Journal Article↗