Biomedical subjects

S Demura

Publications and source records attributed to S Demura.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed2006

Prediction of visceral fat area in Japanese adults: proposal of prediction method applicable in a field setting.

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to develop a prediction equation for the visceral fat area at the umbilical level (VFA(L4-5)) in Japanese adults, using internal fat mass (IFM) estimated from a few anthropometric variables. METHODS: Subjects were 112 adults aged from 25 to 82 years (body mass index (BMI)=24.2+/-3.1 kg/m(2), ranged from 15.7 to 31.2 kg/m(2)). Another 60 adults aged from 21 to 71 years were recruited for the crossvalidation group (BMI=24.5+/-4.0 kg/m(2), ranged from 17.1 to 34.6 kg/m(2)). We examined (1) the prediction of IFM based on a small number of skinfold thicknesses; (2) the prediction of VFA(L4-5) using IFM and (3) the application of bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) measurement. VFA(L4-5) was measured by computed tomography (reference value). Total fat mass was measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and single-frequency BIA with 8-point tactile electrodes. RESULTS: Three skinfolds at the abdomen, side chest and suprailiac were selected to estimate IFM. From IFM estimated using these three skinfolds, waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), sex and age, about 75% of the variance of VFA(L4-5) could be explained (Eq(VFA)1: R=863, R(2)=0.745, standard error of estimate (s.e.e.)=20.483 cm(2)). When substituting IFM based on BIA measurement (IFM(BIA)) into Eq(VFA)1, there were no significant mean differences from the reference in both equations, and high correlations were found (r=0.860, s.e.e.=20.902 cm(2)), although a significant mean difference in total fat mass was found between DXA and BIA measurements. The prediction equation using IFM(BIA) (Eq(VFA)2) could have prediction accuracy comparable with that of Eq(VFA)1 (Eq(VFA)2: R=879, R(2)=0.773, s.e.e.=20.324 cm(2)). Furthermore, when applying these equations to the crossvalidation group, there were cross-validity in both equations. CONCLUSION: This study proposed a prediction equation for VFA(L4-5) from WHR and IFM based on three skinfolds, and the validity of BIA measurement in Japanese adults. We can propose the procedure for a field setting.

Absorptiometry, Photon↗

PubMed2006

Estimation of body density based on hydrostatic weighing without head submersion in young Japanese adults.

This study examined a method of predicting body density based on hydrostatic weighing without head submersion (HWwithoutHS). Donnelly and Sintek (1984) developed a method to predict body density based on hydrostatic weight without head submersion. This method predicts the difference (D) between HWwithoutHS and hydrostatic weight with head submersion (HWwithHS) from anthropometric variables (head length and head width), and then calculates body density using D as a correction factor. We developed several prediction equations to estimate D based on head anthropometry and differences between the sexes, and compared their prediction accuracy with Donnelly and Sintek's equation. Thirty-two males and 32 females aged 17-26 years participated in the study. Multiple linear regression analysis was performed to obtain the prediction equations, and the systematic errors of their predictions were assessed by Bland-Altman plots. The best prediction equations obtained were: Males: D(g) = -164.12X1 - 125.81X2 - 111.03X3 + 100.66X4 + 6488.63, where X1 = head length (cm), X2 = head circumference (cm), X3 = head breadth (cm), X4 = head thickness (cm) (R = 0.858, R2 = 0.737, adjusted R2 = 0.687, standard error of the estimate = 224.1); Females: D(g) = -156.03X1 - 14.03X2 - 38.45X3 - 8.87X4 + 7852.45, where X1 = head circumference (cm), X2 = body mass (g), X3 = head length (cm), X4 = height (cm) (R = 0.913, R2 = 0.833, adjusted R2 = 0.808, standard error of the estimate = 137.7). The effective predictors in these prediction equations differed from those of Donnelly and Sintek's equation, and head circumference and head length were included in both equations. The prediction accuracy was improved by statistically selecting effective predictors. Since we did not assess cross-validity, the equations cannot be used to generalize to other populations, and further investigation is required.

Adiposity↗

PubMed2006

The characteristics of simple muscle power by gripping: gender differences and reliability of parameters using various loads.

AIM: There are few studies on muscle power during local muscle contractions with a small range of motion such as in gripping. The purposes of this study were to clarify the properties of the developmental phase based on time series of muscle power output, the reliability of the parameters, their relationships and the load intensity derived peak power by gender differences, and to examine the possibility of evaluating muscle power using gripping. METHODS: Fifteen young males and 15 females participated in this study. Based on a crossover experimental design, each subject carried out 2 explosive grips at 20%, 30%, 40% and 50% loads of maximal using a voluntary grip contraction (MVC). The grip contraction velocities, sampled at 100 Hz, were measured accurately using a power instrument with an accelerometer. Muscle power curves were drawn from the product of the velocity and the set-up load. RESULTS: The cross-correlation coefficients between the trials for the average curve of the time-series moving distance, the velocity, and the power in any load were very high (over 0.95) in both genders. The reliability of each parameter was mostly good in both genders (intraclass correlation coefficient, ICC>0.75). The peak power curve differed between genders, and the curve around the peak value in females was irregular. CONCLUSIONS: A gender difference was found in the maximal power and the properties of the power curve. The maximal muscle power appeared at 30-50% MVC in males, and at 20-40% MVC in females. The peak power during the whole contraction, and the time to peak may reflect the conditions throughout the whole of the contraction. The new device used in this study to evaluate local regional muscle power (grip) is a very reliable and useful tool.

Adult↗

PubMed2006

Comparison of force-time parameters and EMG in static explosive gripping by various exertion conditions: muscle fatigue state and submaximal exertion.

AIM: The purpose of this study was to compare the exertion and electromyography (EMG) properties during the developmental phase (DFmax) in static explosive grip (SEG), rapid submaximal exertion grip, namely fake SEG exertion (FAKE), and SEG in a muscle fatigue state. METHODS: Thirty healthy males and females performed the SEG and FAKE exertions (50% and 75% of peak value as a target value). Then, they performed sustained repeated rhythmic grip for 6 min (30 times x min(-1)), and SEG after 1-min, 4-min, and 7-min (SEG after the exertion). EMG was measured concurrently to compare with the muscle activation property during each grip exertion. Eight force-time parameters evaluating the DFmax in addition to the peak value were selected. RESULTS: The peak value significantly decreased, and the mean power spectrum density shifted to the low-wave in SEG after the exertion as compared with before. Therefore, SEG after the exertion was judged to be a muscle fatigue state. In addition, because the frequency properties in each exertion differed, the muscle activation properties during their DFmaxs were considered to differ. From the comparison between SEG before and after the exertion and FAKE, it is suggested that the time of reaching the peak value and the relative muscle strength when reaching an inflection point are not useful as parameters to evaluate the explosive muscle function during SEG. CONCLUSIONS: The maximal increasing volume during the DFmax and integrated area until 0.25 and 0.5 s could discriminate a difference of the DFmaxs according to each exertion and they are useful parameters.

Adult↗

PubMed2005

Relationship between muscle strength in various isokinetic movements and kick performance among soccer players.

AIM: The present study was carried out to examine relationships between muscular strength and ball velocity with respect to 3 different approach angles and focussing on both the kicking leg and the supporting leg among soccer players of different skill levels. METHODS: Fourteen university soccer players were divided into 2 groups (superior group, average group), and kicked the ball with maximal effort towards a target 15 m away. The angles of approach to the stationary ball varied in 3 directions (free, 1.57, 2.36 rad to the kick direction). Mean ball velocity and the success rate of striking the target with the ball were measured. Maximal isokinetic and concentric muscular strength was measured in terms of motions of the knee Ext/Flex, hip Ext/Flex and hip Abd/Add using an isokinetic dynamometer. RESULTS: The mean ball velocity at free and 1.57 rad approach angles related significantly with hip Add but not with knee Ext strength for the kicking leg. In contrast, the ball velocity at an approach angle of 2.36 rad significantly correlated with knee Ext and hip Flex of the kicking leg. Although ball velocity at the free and the 1.57 rad approach angles showed no relation to strength of the supporting leg, the ball velocity at the 2.36 rad approach angle showed a significant relationship with knee Flex, hip Ext and hip Abd strength of the supporting leg. Furthermore, the superior group had more strength variables related to performance than the average group. CONCLUSIONS: Different approach angles would alter the requirement on muscle strength potential of both kicking and supporting leg during kicking. Especially an angled approach to the kick direction could require greater hip extension and abduction strength on the supporting leg for a higher capability for stabilizing body balance. Besides, skill level may alter the importance of muscle strength requirement to kick performance.

Adult↗

PubMed2005

Estimation accuracy of percent total body fat and percent segmental fat measured by single-frequency bioelectrical impedance analysis with 8 electrodes: the effect of difference in adiposity.

AIM: This study aimed to compare the accuracy of percent total body fat (%TBF) and percent segmental fat (%SF) measurements of new automatic single-frequency bioelectrical impedance analysis with 8 electrodes (SF-BIA8), referenced to the dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), between different fatness level female groups. METHODS: Subjects were 34 overweight females (OWG) and 24 normal females (NG). This study used the BIA analyzer of Tanita BC-118 which is a commercially available single frequency bioelectrical impedance analysis system with 8 tactile electrodes. RESULTS: Test-retest reliability in each method was high (intra-class correlations > or =0.96). The SF-BIA8 tends to overestimate %TBF and %SF in the lower extremities and trunk compared with DXA, and consistency with DXA was especially low in %SFs in the lower extremities (left leg: r=0.475, SEE=4.673, right leg: r=0.494, SEE=4.772). Systematic errors regarding to the difference in fatness were found in %TBF and %SFs in lower extremities in OWG, and were found in %SF in upper extremities in NG. Furthermore, systematic errors regarding to the difference in body fat distribution were found in %SFs in lower extremities in OWG, and found in %SFs in upper extremities and trunk in NG. CONCLUSIONS: SF-BIA can provide highly reproducible measurements of %TBF and %SF, but systematic errors based on the differences in fatness and body fat distribution were found. An improved prediction equation considering a variety in fat and body fat distribution will be needed in further investigations.

Absorptiometry, Photon↗

PubMed2005

Examination of quantitative and fractal analysis of sway characteristics of the center of foot pressure movement during a static upright posture. Analysis based on alcohol intake.

AIM: This study aimed to examine the sway characteristics of center of foot pressure (CFP) movement during a static upright posture under the influence of alcohol by using quantitative and fractal analysis. METHODS: Eleven healthy young people participated. They drank in a range of 0.54-1.83 ml/kg of alcohol, standardized by body mass, within 10 min. Blood pressure, heart rate, 2 types of nervous function tests and the CFP movement were measured before and after the alcohol intake. Thirty-six parameters of the CFP movement were used for quantitative analysis. Diffusion coefficient, scaling exponent and critical point coordinates were used in fractal analysis. RESULTS: Quantitative analysis confirmed that the CFP parameters such as distance, velocity and area were significantly changed, although the parameters evaluating cyclical characteristics and center average were not. Fractal analysis confirmed that critical point coordinates existed at time-lag=1.0 before and after the alcohol intake, and the short-term region (ST) and long-term region (LT) could be separated. A diffusion coefficient in the ST was larger than that in the LT, and the scaling exponent was over 0.5 in the ST and under 0.5 in the LT. CONCLUSIONS: Influences of alcohol intake were found in amount of body-sway, but not in the displacement or periodicity of the CFP parameters. Fractal analysis confirmed that CFP movement was dependent on time-series, and its characteristics changed before and after the time-series critical point and was unsteady.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2005

Prediction of segmental percent fat using anthropometric variables.

AIM: This study aimed to develop a prediction equation for segmental percent fat from anthropometric measurements. METHODS: The subjects were 107 adults, consisting of 77 males and 30 females, aged from 21 to 82 years. Height, weight, waist circumference, hip circumference, body mass index, waist hip ratio and subcutaneous fat thickness (SFT) were used as anthropometric measurements. The SFTs were measured at 14 sites. Segmental percent fats in both arms (%SF(arms)), both legs (%SF(legs)) and trunk (%SF(trunk)) were measured by dual-energy absorptiometry (DXA) method, and these values were used as references. To predict the segmental percent fat measured by DXA, stepwise multiple regression analysis was conducted using sex, age and the anthropometric measurements as predictors. To examine the systematic error between the observed and predicted values, the error and the observed values were plotted based on Bland-Altman technique, and limits of agreement (LA) were also calculated. RESULTS: The R, SEE and range of LA values in each prediction equation was as follows: %SF(arms): R=0.919, SEE=3.333%, LA=6.5%; %SF(legs): R=0.915, SEE=3.468, LA=6.5%; %SF(trunk): R=0.858, SEE=4.944, LA=9.7%. These prediction equations used 5 to 7 predictors and met the necessary standards for predicting body fat. Although the prediction accuracy of %SF(trunk) was inferior than those of %SF(arms) and %SF(legs), it was superior to those found in previous study reports predicting abdominal visceral fat mass and fat mass at the trunk from anthropometric measurements. CONCLUSIONS: These prediction equations can be considered useful and practical for predicting segmental percent fat and assessing body fat distribution.

Abdominal Fat↗

PubMed2005

Quantification of relationship between health status and physical fitness in middle-aged and elderly males and females.

AIM: The purpose of this study was to quantify the degree of the relationship between health status and physical fitness level in middle-aged and elderly people using multiple discriminant analysis. METHODS: The participants were 3114 males and females aged 30 to 69 years. Ten physical fitness tests and medical checkups were performed. The participants were divided into 2 groups according to health status; the healthy group and the unhealthy group. Multiple discriminant analysis was applied to the multivariate data. RESULTS: Correct discriminant probabilities of multiple discriminant functions to discriminate the healthy group and unhealthy group were 72.3% for males and 71.7% for females. For all age groups, a gender difference was not found (P>0.05). For aging, as a result of the test of proportion, it was found that the correct discriminant probabilities decreased with age for both genders (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that there is a relatively strong relationship between health status and the level of physical fitness in both males and females. These findings support daily physical activities and exercise to maintain or improve physical fitness could be useful for the health status of middle-aged and elderly people. From the result that the correct discriminant probability decreased with age, the changes in probability for males and females were calculated and described with correct discriminant probabilities by moving averages with 5 point smoothing.

Adult↗

PubMed2005

An approach to verifying delayed menarche in Japanese female athletes. Analysis by wavelet interpolation method.

AIM: The theory of delayed menarche in female athletes, despite some evidence for such a delay, has not yet been verified. We examined a means to verify this hypothesis by comparing ages at menarche and at peak height velocity (PHV) derived from the wavelet interpolation method (WIM) for female athletes and non-athletes (control group). METHODS: We identified age at maximum peak velocity as the index of the physical maturation rate by WIM. We then conducted a study involving 144 female athletes in their 1st year at University in the Tokai area, all of whom had competed in a national high school sports competition (athlete group). Past school records of these subjects' heights from the 1st grade of elementary to the 3rd year of senior high school (1984-1995) were collected, and ages at menarche were ascertained from questionnaires. A control group of 78 non-athletes was similarly examined. RESULTS: This difference (interval) between age at menarche and age at PHV was 1.62 years (SD=1.25) in the athlete group and 1.08 years (SD=0.74) in the control group. The difference between the 2 groups was statistically significant (P<0.01). This finding provides evidence that menarche in female athletes is delayed in relation to physical maturation rate. CONCLUSIONS: This result alone cannot establish whether athletic training is the only cause of this delay; however, an approach to verifying the hypothesis of delayed menarche in female athletes has been established by this finding.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2003

Reliability and gender differences of static explosive grip parameters based on force-time curves.

AIM: The purpose of this study was to examine the reliability and gender differences of static explosive grip (SEG) parameters based on force-time curves. METHODS EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: data were collected from 2 trials of SEG tests on the same day and 2 trials 1 week later. PARTICIPANTS: 50 healthy young males (21.2+/-1.57 yrs) and females (20.1+/-1.18 yrs) participated in this study. MEASURES: 12 variables based on factors such as time-course of force, average force, integrated area, maximal rate of force development, the product of force and inclination and exponential function of force development (EXP-M) were selected as force-time parameters in SEG testing. RESULTS: A significant reliability was obtained for all force-time parameters except the time to 90% of maximal grip strength (MAX), with the reliability of integrated area, average force, maximal rate of force development (DFmax), and the product of force and inclination being particularly high (ICC=0.633-0.930 for the same day, ICC=0.612-0.828 for different days). There were gender differences for all parameters except the time to MAX and EXP-M (p<0.05). In addition, many of the correlation coefficients between parameters were high, particularly for males. The average force, integrated area for 1 sec, and the product of force and inclination during the developmental phase significantly correlated with MAX in both males and females. The ratio between males and females in these force-time parameters was smaller than that of MAX (71.3%). CONCLUSION: It is considered that these parameters are dependent on the speed of muscle contraction. These results suggest that the evaluation parameters, such as average force, integrated area, the product of force and inclination, and maximal rate of force development are useful for evaluating static explosive grip.

Adult↗

PubMed2002

The influence of transient change of total body water on relative body fats based on three bioelectrical impedance analyses methods. Comparison between before and after exercise with sweat loss, and after drinking.

BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to clarify the influence of change of total body water caused by exercise and drinking, on relative body fat (%BF) based on three bioelectrical impedance analyses (BIA) methods, between hand and foot (H-F), between hand and hand (H-H), and between foot and foot (F-F). METHODS: The subjects were 30 Japanese healthy young adults aged 18 to 23 years (15 males, 15 females). Measurements were made three times for each BIA method; before and after exercise with sweat, and after drinking, and also twice according to the under water weighing (UW) method, before exercise and after drinking. A pedaling exercise, with a bicycle ergometer, was used for 60 minutes as the exercise. RESULTS: The relationship of %BF between the UW method and each BIA method was mid-range or more (r=0.765-0.839). However, %BF based on the H-F and F-F BIA methods were higher than that based on the UW method. After drinking, %BF of all the BIA methods were higher than the UW method. %BF of the BIA methods after exercise indicated values lower than those before exercise. %BF of the H-F and H-H BIA methods after drinking were a little higher than those before exercise, indicating that those measurements reflect a slight change of body water. CONCLUSIONS: It was demonstrated that %BF of any BIA method reflect the change of body water caused by exercise, sweating, and drinking.

Adipose Tissue↗

PubMed2002

Effect of linear polarized near-infrared light irradiation on flexibility of shoulder and ankle joints.

BACKGROUND: There is a possibility that heat stimulus by linear polarized near-infrared light irradiation (PL: Super Lizer HA-30, Tokyo Medical Laboratory) improves the range of joint motion, because the flexibility of soft-part tissues, such as a muscle or a tendon, is improved by increasing the muscle temperature. The purpose of this study was to examine the influence of PL-irradiation on the ranges of shoulder and ankle motions. METHODS EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: 30 healthy young adults (15 males: mean+/-SD, age 19.1+/-0.8 yrs, height 173.3+/-4.6 cm, body mass 68.5+/-8.0 kg and 15 females: mean+/-SD, age 19.2+/-0.7 yrs, height 162.3+/-4.5 cm, body mass 58.1+/-6.6 kg) participated in the experiment under PL-irradiation and no-irradiation (placebo) conditions. MEASURES: the angles of shoulder and ankle joint motions were measured twice, before and after the PL- and placebo-irradiations. The angle of a motion was defined as the angle connecting 3 points at linearity as follows: for the shoulder, the greater trochanter, acromion, and caput ulnare, and for the ankle, the knee joint, fassa of lateral malleolus and metacarpal bone. Each angle was measured when a subject extended or flexed maximally without support. RESULTS: The trial-to-trial reliability of each range of joint motion was very high. All parameters in PL-irradiation were significantly larger in postirradiation than pre-irradiation, and the value of postirradiation in PL-irradiation was significantly greater than that for placebo. The ranges of shoulder and ankle motions in placebo-irradiation were also significantly greater in postirradiation than pre-irradiation. Moreover, the change rate for each range of joint motion between pre- and postirradiations was significantly greater in PL-irradiation in both joints. In PL-irradiation, most subject's motions were greater in postirradiation than pre-irradiation, but not in the placebo-irradiation. The effect of PL-irradiation tended to be greater on subjects with a small range of a joint motion. CONCLUSIONS: It is considered from the present results that the ranges of shoulder and ankle motions became greater with PL-irradiation, and is effective as a warming-up method.

Adult↗

PubMed2001

The influence of posture change on measurements of relative body fat in the bioimpedance analysis method.

The purpose of this study was to clarify the influence of posture change on relative body fat in the bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) method. The subjects were 30 Japanese healthy young adult males (age: 19.8 +/- 1.4 years, height: 172.3 +/- 5.8 cm, weight: 67.1 +/- 8.2 kg). We used devices with different body segment inductions, between the hand and foot (H-F BIA) and between hands (H-H BIA), and set four measurement conditions differing in posture (supine or sitting), during rest and measurement. The reliabilities of %BF in the H-H and H-F BIA methods were very high (r = 0.995, 0.966), and the relationship in %BF between the UW method and each BIA method was mid-range (r = 0.767, 0.709). Although there were no differences in %BF among different measurement postures in the H-F BIA method, %BF in the H-H BIA method increased significantly when the posture was changed just before measurement. This indicated that it is necessary to pay attention to the posture change just before measurement in the H-H BIA method.

Adipose Tissue↗

PubMed2001

Utility of ADL index for partially dependent older people: discriminating the functional level of an older population.

In the present study, the ADL index for the partially dependent older people (Demura et al., 1999) was applied to 218 bedridden (BED), 466 partially dependent (PD) and 245 independent living (IL) people in older groups. The purposes of this study were to clarify the meaning of the evaluation of this index and to examine how ADL items are useful in determining each older group. It is suggested that a perfect score with our ADL index means independent living level, and a score of zero means bedridden level. The results of discriminant analysis indicated that four items with low-difficulty, such as "eating," "going to the toilet," "tossing about in bed" and "writing," are useful in determining if the PD is becoming bedridden. While five items with high-difficulty, such as "putting on slacks," "putting on trousers," "standing up from a sitting posture," "going up stairs" and "washing the whole body," are useful in determining if the PD is becoming independent living. Furthermore, it is inferred that the possibility of falling into a bedridden situation increases when the total score is 5 or less, while the functional level is close to independent living when the total score is 13 or more. These findings make clear the meaning of the evaluation of our ADL index. Furthermore, the functional level of older population may be screened using evaluation of total and item scores of this ADL index.

Activities of Daily Living↗

PubMed2001

Force developmental phase and reliability in explosive and voluntary grip exertions.

The purposes of this study were to clarify the reliability of two types of grip exertions, explosive grip exertion and voluntary grip exertion up to the maximal grip strength and to examine their force patterns using force-time parameters. Subjects were 100 healthy young male volunteers (age: 17.8+/-2.50 yr.) who had no upper limb injury. Grip strength was measured two times with voluntary grip and then two times with explosive grip. 11 parameters derived from the force-time curve were selected to measure the developmental phase of muscle contraction. The reliability of maximal grip strength in explosive and voluntary grip exertions was very high (intraclass correlation = .95, .93). The difference between two trials in explosive grip tended to be smaller than that for voluntary grip, and reliability of the exertion pattern was higher for explosive grip than voluntary grip. The times to reach 90% of the maximal grip strength and the maximal grip strength in explosive grip were shorter than those in voluntary grip. The other 8 force-time parameters had higher values in explosive grip than voluntary grip and higher reliabilities. The force-time parameters reflect the properties of explosive exertion. The results suggest the possibility that static explosive strength could be evaluated using these force-time parameters.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2001

Lateral dominance of legs in maximal muscle power, muscular endurance, and grading ability.

The purpose of this study was to examine lateral dominance in maximal muscle power, muscular endurance, and grading ability, using isokinetic mulscular strength in knee extension and flexion. The subjects were 50 healthy male students whose ages ranged from 19 to 23 years (M height: 173.6+/-6.2 cm, M weight: 67.2+/-6.8 kg). Their dominant legs for power exertion and for functional use were based on questionnaire items selected from those used in previous studies. The angular velocities of extension and flexion for exerting maximal muscle power were 60, 180, and 300 x sec.(-1). A continuous exertion 30 times at an angular velocity of 180 sec.(-1) was used as the load for muscular endurance. For grading ability, 25%, 50% and 75% of the maximal muscle strength at angular velocities of 60 and 180 x sec.(-1) were the required values, and the difference between these values and the exerted muscular strength was evaluated. The dominant leg and nondominant leg were compared for both power exertion and functional use. There was no lateral dominance in maximal muscle power and muscular endurance. In muscular endurance, especially, some subjects showed one leg superior in power exertion and some superior in functional use. Lateral dominance was noted across maximal muscle power and muscular endurance in grading ability. The dominant leg tended to be better than the nondominant leg in functional use. However, lateral dominance was not remarkable for flexing motion and in exertion for a short time.

Adult↗

PubMed2001

[Examination of validity of the subjective fatigue scale for young adults].

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to examine the validity of a new type of Subjective Fatigue Scale for young adults (SFS-Y). METHODS: The SFS-Y consisted of 24 item questions representing 6 sub-scales of difficulty of concentrated thinking, languor, reduced activation, reduced motivation, drowsiness and feeling of physical disintegration. The SFS-Y, subjective symptoms index (SSI), chronic fatigue symptoms index (CFSI), multidimensional fatigue index (MFI) and the Chalder fatigue scale (CFS) were administered to 5435 students aged 15-20 yr. RESULTS: It was inferred that SFS-Y can evaluate individual differences from the viewpoints of score distribution and discrimination power. It was considered that the SFS-Y has high generality because it includes many question items with a similar content to existing fatigue scales and it can do multiple evaluations covering almost all aspects of existing scales. The relationships between sub-scales in the SFS-Y and existing fatigue scales were high in sub-scales with similar names and was low in ones with different names. CONCLUSION: The Subjective Fatigue Scale developed to evaluate subjective fatigue for youths was considered to be excellent in validity and to be effective scale.

Adolescent↗