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Biomedical subjects

S Dewan

Publications and source records attributed to S Dewan.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2001

Anti-diarrhoeal activity of the latex of Calotropis procera.

The dry latex (DL) of Calotropis procera (Asclepiadaceae), a potent anti-inflammatory agent has been evaluated for anti-diarrhoeal activity. Like atropine and phenylbutazone (PBZ), a single oral dose of DL (500 mg/kg) produced a significant decrease in frequency of defecation, severity of diarrhoea and afforded protection from diarrhoea in 80% rats treated with castor oil. To understand the mechanism of its anti-diarrhoeal activity, we further evaluated its effect on intestinal transit, castor oil induced intestinal fluid accumulation (enteropooling) and electrolyte concentration in the intestinal fluid. DL produced a decrease in intestinal transit (27-37%) as compared to both normal and castor oil treated animals. Unlike atropine, DL significantly inhibited castor oil induced enteropooling. However, it did not alter the electrolyte concentration in the intestinal fluid as compared to castor oil treated rats.

Animals↗
PubMed2000

Preliminary studies on the analgesic activity of latex of Calotropris procera.

In this study we have evaluated the analgesic activity of dry latex (DL) of Calotropis procera. A single oral dose of DL ranging from 165 to 830 mg/kg produced a significant dose dependent analgesic effect against acetic acid induced writhings. The effect of DL at a dose of 415 mg/kg was more pronounced as compared to a 100 mg/kg oral dose of aspirin. On the other hand DL (830 mg/kg) produced marginal analgesia in a tail-flick model which was comparable to aspirin. The analgesic effect of DL was delayed by 1 h by naloxone at a dose of 0. 5 mg/kg, i.p., which completely blocked the analgesic effect of morphine (10 mg/kg, i.p.). However, the effect of aspirin was not blocked by naloxone. The 830 mg/kg oral dose of DL did not produce toxic effects in mice and the LD(50) was found to be 3 g/kg.

Acetic Acid↗
PubMed2000

Alpha adrenergic blockers in the treatment of benign hyperplasia of the prostate.

Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), a common benign tumor in men has been attributed to age and male androgen functions. Of the various management options for treatment of BPH, medical therapy is the first line treatment modality involving either blockade of alpha adrenergic receptors or inhibition of 5-alpha reductase. Amongst these, the alpha-1 blockers are used most frequently. The association of numerous adverse effects with non selective and short acting alpha-1 blockers (like phenoxybenzamine, prazosin and alfuzosin) has led to the development of long acting alpha-1 adrenoceptor blockers (doxazosin, terazosin, tamulosin) which being uroselective significantly reduce the incidence of cardiovascular side effects and increase patient compliance. The review gives a brief account of pharmacological properties and efficacy of alpha adrenergic receptor blockers in the treatment of BPH.

Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists↗
PubMed1999

Outcome of children rehydrated in a hospital ORT corner in Bangladesh: a follow-up study.

This prospective follow-up study was carried out during 1996 to identify the outcome of children rehydrated in the ORT Corner of the Chittagong Medical College Hospital. In total, 269 children, aged less than five years, who attended the ORT Corner, accompanied by their mothers, for treatment of uncomplicated acute watery diarrhoea with 'no signs of dehydration' and 'some dehydration,' were selected for the study. Mothers of the children were interviewed at the ORT Corner, and children were followed-up at home on the 5th post-ORT Corner visit day. The follow-up was completed for 260 cases (96.7%). At follow-up, 227 cases (87.3%) were found to be cured, and 33 cases (12.7%) still had diarrhoea. Of the cured, the mean duration of the episode was 5.84 +/- 2.34 days (95% CI.5.55-6.13 days). All the cases received oral rehydration therapy (ORT) after attending the ORT Corner. Eighty-one cases (31.2%), however, reconsulted the private doctors. Of those who reconsulted, only 3 (3.7%) received WHO-recommended treatment of acute watery diarrhoea, and the rest 78 (96.3%) received medication. The medication prolonged the episode of diarrhoea significantly (6.22 days vs 5.48 days, p < 0.001). None of the cases, who reconsulted the private doctors, revisited the ORT Corner. Treatment by 'ORS only' was mentioned by 64% of the mothers as the reason for non-revisit of the ORT Corner, and 20% of the mothers denied the receipt of any advice about when to revisit the ORT Corner which calls for further strengthening of communication activities of the ORT Corner.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1992

Reversal of chloroquine resistance with verapamil in P. berghei in vivo.

The effects of verapamil on the parasite susceptibility to chloroquine were examined in mice infected with chloroquine-sensitive and chloroquine-resistant lines of Plasmodium berghei. Verapamil in a dose of 10-50 mg/kg daily s.c. for 4 days did not affect the growth of both sensitive and resistant parasites. When verapamil in the same dose range was combined with 1.5 mg/kg chloroquine diphosphate, the chloroquine-sensitive parasites became more susceptible to chloroquine. Similarly, verapamil severely suppressed the growth of chloroquine-resistant parasites in combination with 3 mg/kg (base) of chloroquine, but the reversal of resistance was not complete. Thus, still higher doses of verapamil, which are not tolerated by the host, are required for the complete reversal of resistance.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Cytological evaluation of conjunctival scrape smears in cases of conjunctivitis.

The present study was conducted on 130 cases of untreated conjunctivitis and 25 control cases to assess the diagnostic value of cytology. Conjunctival scrapings from all cases were stained with Giemsa and Papanicoloau's stain and categorized cytologically and later correlated with the clinical profile. Normal cytologic profile was obtained in 7 cases (5.4%) of the study group and 14 cases (56%) of the control group. Cytologic diagnosis of trachoma was made in 63 cases (48.5%) including 48 out of 51 clinically diagnosed cases of trachoma, 9 cases of allergic conjunctivitis and 6 cases of acute follicular conjunctivitis, positive clinico cytologic correlation being 76.2%. Mucopurulent conjunctivitis was diagnosed in 24 cases (18.5%) both clinically as well as by cytological technique. Viral conjunctivitis was diagnosed in 24 cases (18.5%) including 19 cases (14.6%) of clinically diagnosed viral conjunctivitis and 5 cases (3.9%) of acute follicular conjunctivitis, positive correlation being 79.2%. Only 2 cases (1.5%) out of 15 clinically diagnosed cases of allergic conjunctivitis were confirmed cytologically. In all the 4 cases (3.1%) of spring catarrh and 6 cases (4.6%) of phlyctenular conjunctivitis the cytologic features were found to be consistent with the clinical diagnosis.

Conjunctiva↗
PubMed1990

Immunization coverage evaluation surveys in rural Narela zone and city zone areas of Delhi.

A major purpose of the immunization coverage evaluation surveys to document the vaccination status of children aged 1-2 years was to determine the true picture of the immunization status of the target population and to identify areas which need strengthening. Immunization coverage evaluation surveys were carried out for a 2.4 lakh rural and 2.2 lakh urban population of Delhi by the cluster sampling method. A total of 210 and 212 children, respectively aged 12 to 23 months, were included in the study in 30 randomly selected clusters in each zone. The percentage of children immunized with DPT3/OPV3/BCG was 70.0 and 73.1 in the rural and city zones, respectively while those immunized with DPT3/OPV3/BCG/Measles was only 30.0 and 37.3% in the two zones. Dropout rate for DPT and OPV, I to III was 16-18%. The drop out rate between DPT and OPV II and III was higher than that between DPT and OPV II and II. Percentage of non-immunized children was significantly higher in rural (8.0%) as compared to urban areas (2.3%). Maximum immunizations were done by the Health Centres. Done on a periodic basis, a coverage evaluation survey will show whether or not vaccination coverage objectives have been met.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed1989

Clinical pancreas transplantation. Complete review of eight years experience.

In the eight years since the initiation of pancreas transplantation at our center, 36 patients have received either segmental or whole pancreas grafts. Seventeen patients had segmental pancreas allografts, with eight of these receiving simultaneous kidney allografts from the same donor. Nineteen patients received whole pancreas and kidney allografts. Thirty five of the pancreases were preserved using hypothermic storage for up to 43 hours and 45 minutes, using either albumin-augmented crystalloid or hyperosmolar colloid preservation solution. The one-year actuarial graft survival was 12 per cent for segmental pancreas transplants and 42 per cent for whole pancreas grafts. The use of cyclosporine after whole pancreas transplantation as well as improved surgical techniques for exocrine drainage contributed to the improvement in graft survival in the whole pancreas graft group.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada syndrome variant.

We describe a 39-year-old white woman with severe visual loss, nyctalopia, vitritis and widespread loss of retinal pigment epithelium associated with vitiligo and alopecia, which may represent a variant of the Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada syndrome.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Use of EEA stapler in reconstruction after gastric resection.

Herein is described our technique and experience with the EEA stapler in performing the Billroth I and II gastrectomies and Roux-en-Y reconstructive procedures. We did not perform a gastrotomy or an enterotomy to achieve the desired end to end or end to side anastomosis, thus avoiding another site to be closed later. In its single application, the EEA stapler gives a double layer of staggered staples, which results in a uniform and satisfactory healing. The removal of a ring of tissue with a central core, with examination for its completeness, assures a satisfactory anastomosis. The completed anastomosis can be examined under vision for any bleeding. As a final step, a TA 90 stapler is used at the desired line of transection of the stomach. This method of intestinal anastomosis shortens the operative time and creates a better anastomosis. We have performed these procedures upon 33 patients with good results.

Anastomosis, Roux-en-Y↗
PubMed1986

Cerebral palsy--is it a seasonal disorder?

A relationship between the season of birth and the occurrence of neurological disorders has already been reported. An attempt has been made to see if a similar relationship exists in the case of cerebral palsy also. The month of birth of all the 212 children with cerebral palsy attending specialised centres in New Delhi was ascertained. The month of birth was compared with the month-wise normal distribution of live births in Delhi. The difference in monthly trend was found to be statistically highly significant. Does it suggest that cerebral palsy is a seasonal disorder?

Cerebral Palsy↗