Neuropsychology of post-polio syndrome.
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Brain↗
Biomedical subjects
S Dinsmore
Publications and source records attributed to S Dinsmore.
A double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of high-dose prednisone for the treatment of post-poliomyelitis syndrome.
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Double-Blind Method↗
Occurrence and impact of suspected delirium in hospitalized elderly patients.
The records of 95 consecutive people older than 65 years and admitted to a community hospital were retrospectively reviewed to determine the prevalence of undiagnosed delirium in hospitalized elderly patients. Chart review focused on identification of patients with documented diagnosed delirium according to Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, third edition, revised (DSM-III-R) criteria and patients with unrecognized delirium. Unrecognized delirium was considered present when information contained in a patient's chart met some or all criteria for delirium as described in DSM-III-R, but the physician's progress notes failed to indicate delirium as a diagnosed clinical entity. The prevalence of diagnosed delirium was 2%. Thirty-six percent of the patients were suspected of having unrecognized delirium. The mean length of hospital stay and the rate of mortality were significantly higher for patients with suspected delirium than for non-delirious patients. The findings of this study suggest that unrecognized delirium in the hospitalized elderly may occur frequently and is associated with an increased length of hospital stay and increased mortality.
Age Distribution↗
A personality profile of patients diagnosed with post-polio syndrome.
Post-polio syndrome (PPS) refers to the late development of new neuromuscular symptoms in previously stable poliomyelitis patients. Whether psychological disturbance plays a role in the manifestation of symptoms in these patients is unclear. We examined 22 patients fulfilling the clinical criteria for PPS with the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-II (MMPI-II), Beck Depression Inventory, Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Scales, Chapman and Chapman Psychosis-Proneness Scales, Fatigue Scales, a neurobehavioral rating scale, and Cognitive Symptoms Self-Report Scales. The overwhelming majority of scale scores were within normal limits, and there was no indication that psychopathologic symptoms were associated with the development or severity of new muscle weakness in PPS patients. Women with PPS had significantly more somatic complaints, but were less socially isolated than men with PPS. This study confirms that the development or severity of new muscle weakness in carefully diagnosed PPS patients is not due to, or influenced by, underlying psychopathology.
Adult↗
Immune-mediated mechanisms and immune activation of fibroblasts in the pathogenesis of eosinophilia-myalgia syndrome induced by L-tryptophan.
To determine the immunopathogenesis of the persistent symptoms of patients with eosinophilia-myalgia syndrome (EMS) induced by L-tryptophan, we performed immunocytochemical studies on 10 muscle and fascia biopsy specimens obtained during the acute disease and the chronic persistent connective tissue sclerosis. A series of monoclonal antibodies was used in a single- or double-immunostaining technique to detect and quantify T-cell subsets, macrophages, major histocompatibility complex antigens, eosinophilic basic protein-positive cells, and resting fibroblasts expressing Thy-I antigen or activated fibroblasts expressing the activation marker F-19. We found inflammatory cells consisting of CD8+ cells (45% +/- 8.9%), T4 cells (36% +/- 10.1%), and macrophages (19% +/- 12%), scattered or perivascularly in the fascia, the perimysium, and the endomysial septae. Only rare granulated or degranulating eosinophils were noted. Many muscle fibers around fascicles or near blood vessels expressed major histocompatibility complex-I antigens. The mean number of fibroblasts in the fascia, the perimysial connective tissue, and the spindle capsule was increased in the EMS patients' specimens compared with the endomysial cells seen in six disease-control muscle biopsy specimens from patients with chronic inflammatory myopathies or dystrophies (P < .01). Up to 70% of the fibroblasts in EMS were activated and up to 30% of them expressed HLA-DR antigen. In the disease controls up to 29% of the fibroblasts were activated but none expressed DR. Repeat muscle biopsy a year later in a patient whose symptoms persisted showed reduced inflammation but an increased number of activated fibroblasts and enhanced DR expression. We conclude that in EMS there is a T-cell-mediated process against components of the extracellular matrix, including fibroblasts, in the fascia and the perimysium that persists even years after the drug is discontinued. Because the fibroblasts are activated and aberrantly express DR antigen, they may be the target cells playing a role in the continuing clinical and histologic signs of tissue sclerosis.
Adult↗
The establishment and characterization of a cell line and mouse xenografts from a human malignant melanoma.
A permanent cell line has been established from a human intracranial secondary melanoma. During 3 years of continuous growth in vitro the cells have maintained their characteristic phenotypic properties including melanin production. The cultured cells are highly tumorigenic in the athymic mouse and the tumours produced are histologically identical to the human tumour of origin.
Animals↗
Total hyphema evacuation by vitrectomy instrumentation.
We describe our technique for the surgical removal of hyphema using the Ocutome vitrectomy system and report the results in 12 patients. Blood was removed successfully with just one operation in all 12 eyes. Eleven of the 12 eyes maintained intraocular tension of less than 20 mm Hg. Vision improved in 11 of 12 eyes and six had a vision of 6/18 or better. Permanent vision loss could not be attributed to the operative technique.
Adolescent↗
Sensitive fluorescence monitoring of carbohydrates eluted by a borate mobile phase from anion-exchange column.
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Carbohydrates↗
Neuropathology and neurovirulence of canine distemper virus plaque isolates in the hamster.
The relationship between neuropathological abnormalities, antibody response and neurovirulence of plaque isolates has been studied in an experimental model of canine distemper in the hamster. Genetic virus variance influenced neurovirulence and the experimental evidence supports the hypothesis that the mechanism of this effect may be through the modulating effect of circulating antibody. Large plaque virus (LPV) produced severe encephalitis with little early antibody response and a high degree of pathological abnormality. Small plaque virus (SPV) produced mild chronic encephalitis and early antibody response. Microscopically, histological abnormalities in this group were qualitatively similar to those seen with LPV but generally of lesser degree. Immunosuppression in SPV infected animals increased the severity of the encephalitis, reflected by the increase in inflammation and inclusion formation. Combined SPV and LPV infection produced high antibody levels and less severe disease than LPV infection alone with an intermediate pattern of histological abnormality.
Animals↗