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Biomedical subjects

S Doraisingham

Publications and source records attributed to S Doraisingham.

35 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

Purulent penile ulcers of patients in Singapore.

In 80 patients with painful purulent penile ulcers who attended the outpatient service of Middle Road Hospital in Singapore, Haemophilus ducreyi was isolated from 18 (22%), herpes simplex virus type 2 from nine (11%), and Neisseria gonorrhoeae from eight (10%). Primary pathogens were not isolated from 45 (57%) men. Painful purulent penile ulcers were more common in uncircumcised men, and patients had often acquired the disease after sexual intercourse with prostitutes in Singapore.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Foscarnet (phosphonoformate sodium) in the treatment of recurrent male genital herpes.

Foscarnet 0.3% cream was compared with placebo in a randomised double-blind study. The objective was to investigate the therapeutic efficacy and safety in men with recurrent genital herpes simplex virus (HSV) infections. A total of 51 patients were selected, of which 49 (25 treated with foscarnet) were valid for efficacy analysis. Different variables were analysed including the time to healing, alleviation of symptoms, side effects and the results of viral cultures. The median time to healing was 4 days in foscarnet treated patients compared to 5 days in placebo controls. The difference was not statistically significant (p = 0.22). However, foscarnet alleviated the severity of pain and also significantly reduced the median time to abolition pain to 3 days from 6.6 days in placebo treated patients (p = 0.0028). An antiviral effect of foscarnet was evident. The percentage of positive viral cultures found after starting treatment was 15% in the foscarnet-treated group compared to 44% in the placebo-treated group (p = 0.01). Treatment with foscarnet cream was not associated with any significant side effects.

Administration, Topical↗
PubMed1986

Patterns of viral respiratory tract infections in Singapore.

A second retrospective study on viral respiratory tract infections, based on 12 years' laboratory reports for the influenza viruses, and 9 years' reports for the other respiratory viruses was made. Seasonal variation in incidence was found to occur with infections due to the influenza viruses, respiratory syncytial virus, and parainfluenzavirus type 1. Observations made previously on the age distribution of specific respiratory viral infections, and the association of the viruses with various respiratory syndromes were generally confirmed.

Adenovirus Infections, Human↗
PubMed1983

Role of glucose homeostatic mechanisms in viral infections.

Though normoglycaemia is thought to indicate adequacy of cellular glucose content, ketoacidosis occurs in viral infections even in the presence of normo- and hyperglycaemia. These wide variations in glucose concentrations may reflect the patients' adaptive abilities in situations where glucose transport is impaired by viruses. Hypoglycaemia would suggest poor adaptation and hyperglycaemia good adaptation. Increased free fatty acid (FFA) concentrations and enzyme activity are probable adaptive mechanisms. If so, they should decrease with hyperglycaemia-producing infusions. Profiles of glucose, FFA, enzymes, and fever over 19 days in 24 children with viral infections are reported. On admission 87.5% were normo- or hyperglycaemic with increased FFA, AST, LDH, and fever (P less than 0.005) when compared with values 19 days later. With infusions that produced hyperglycaemia, there was clinical recovery with a decrease in FFA and enzyme activity. The hyperglycaemia observed in 56.5% therefore points to glucose homeostatic mechanisms being geared to maintain the intracellular milieu. Hence normoglycaemia does not always indicate cellular glucose adequacy.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1982

Congenital cytomegalovirus infection.

Three cases of overt congenital cytomegalovirus infection, each with a different mode of presentation, are documented. Common features of presentation were hepatosplenomegaly, skin petechiae, neonatal jaundice and gross hepatic dysfunction. One infant presented with hydrops fetalis, a feature not described before. Two infants survived and are at present developing normally.

Cytomegalovirus Infections↗
PubMed1982

An outbreak of hand, foot, and mouth disease in Singapore.

Epidemiological studies were carried out during an extensive outbreak of hand, foot and mouth disease caused by coxsackievirus A 16 in Singapore in 1981. Most of the cases were concentrated in densely populated public housing estates, and the morbidity rate was highest in children under 5 years of age. The mean secondary attack rate for children under 12 years of age was 76.7% compared with an overall rate of 31.3%. The incubation period ranged from 1 to 7 days. Factors favouring the transmission of infection within a household included sharing of household and personal articles with the index case. The disease was mild and self-limiting.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

Acute non-bacterial infections of the respiratory tract in Singapore children: an analysis of three years' laboratory findings.

A retrospective study of the laboratory results on respiratory specimens received from children under 12 years of age between January 1977 and December 1979 was carried out. These children were either hospital patients, usually with lower respiratory infections, or outpatients on the Influenza Surveillance Programme. The overall virus isolation rate was 26.8%, and the isolation rate among hospital patients, 38.5%. Epidemics or outbreaks were associated with infections due to the influenza viruses, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), the parainfluenza viruses and the enteroviruses. RSV, parainfluenza virus types 1 and 3, and the adenoviruses caused infection mainly in young children under 3 years of age, while the influenza viruses and Mycoplasma pneumoniae caused infection more frequently in older, school-aged children. There was a strong clinical association of bronchiolitis with RSV and the rhinoviruses, of laryngitis or laryngotracheobronchitis with parainfluenza virus types 1 and 2, of pneumonia with Mycoplasma pneumoniae, and of upper respiratory infection or "flu" with the influenza viruses. The significance of some of these findings is discussed.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1981

An epidemic of acute conjunctivitis caused by enterovirus-70 in Singapore in 1980.

The clinical, epidemiological and virological findings of the 1980 epidemic of acute conjunctivitis were described. Enterovirus 70 was isolated from 7 (35%) of 20 eye swabs submitted for virus isolation, and the paired sera of eight patients showed a four-fold or greater rise in neutralising antibody titre to Enterovirus 70. The disease mainly affected children and young adults of all ethnic groups. Most of the cases contracted the infection at home. The mean secondary attack rate was 72.6% and the mean incubation period, four days. The clinical features were similar to the 1970 and 1975 epidemics caused by Coxsackievirus A24. Subconjunctival haemorrhage was observed in 10% of the cases. Most of the cases recovered spontaneously within a week. Transmission of infection within the home was either indirect, probably through fomites contaminated with eye or respiratory discharges of cases, or direct, through intimate person-to-person contact. During outbreaks, health education on simple personal hygiene should be highlighted.

Acute Disease↗