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Biomedical subjects

S Dreizen

Publications and source records attributed to S Dreizen.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

Orofacial fungal infections. Nine pathogens that may invade during chemotherapy.

Immunosuppression due to antineoplastic drugs or malignant tumor leaves patients extremely vulnerable to infection. Opportunistic fungi that rarely infect healthy persons can have very severe consequences in these patients. Candida albicans is the pathogen found most often, but several other Candida species may cause infection as well. Aspergillosis is the second most frequently seen fungal infection of the face and mouth in patients receiving chemotherapy. Less commonly seen but equally dangerous are infections with Torulopsis glabrata, Mucor, Absidia, Rhizopus oryzae, Histoplasma capsulatum, Cryptococcus neoformans, Coccidioides immitis, Fusarium species, and Trichosporon cutaneum. Restoration of impaired host defenses and use of nystatin (Mycostatin, Nilstat, O-V Statin), clotrimazole (Mycelex), amphotericin B (Fungizone Intravenous), and flucytosine (Ancobon) when appropriate are methods of control.

Antineoplastic Agents↗
PubMed1979

Unusual mucocutaneous infections in immunosuppressed patients with leukemia.

Patients with leukemia may become severely infected with usually nonpathogenic organisms and are also prey to infection in unusual sites and by unusual organisms.. Every organism isolated from such a patient must be considered a potential enemy, regardless of its pathogenic reputation, and evidence of infection must be sought.

Anti-Infective Agents↗
PubMed1979

Oral complications of bone marrow transplantation in adults with acute leukemia.

In recent years bone marrow transplantation has become increasingly feasible for treating adult acute leukemia unresponsive to chemotherapy. However, the technique is not without significant intrinsic morbidity. The mouth is a singularly sensitive reflector of the cytotoxic, infectious, and hemorrhagic complications and of the graft-vs-host reactions associated with bone marrow transplantation in refractory acute leukemia.

Bacterial Infections↗
PubMed1979

Nutrition and the immune response -- a review.

This compacted overview of the nutrition-immune response connection underscores the role of nutrition as a deterrent to infection. Malnutrition enhances the propensity to and heightens the intensity of infections by weaknening the various host defense mechanisms. Thus: 1. Deficiencies of vitamin A, niacin, riboflavin, folic acid, vitamin B12, pyridoxine, ascorbic acid, iron and protein disrupt the tissue barriers to infection. 2. Protein-calorie, folate, iron, pyridoxine and zinc deprivations markedly depress the cell-mediated immune system. 3. Deficiencies of protein, pyridoxine, folic acid, pantothenic acid, thiamine, biotin, riboflavin, niacin-tryptophan, vitamin A and ascorbic acid inhibit humoral antibody formation in mammalian systems. 4. Vitamin A lack prevents the formation of lacrimal, salivary and sweat gland lysozymes. 5. Complement, properdin, interferon and transferrin concentrations are reduced in those nutritional deficiencies that interfere with protein synthesis. 6. Protein-calorie, iron and folate deficiencies impair phagocytosis by interfering with phagocyte microbial killing power or with phagocyte production. 7. Protein, ascorbic acid and zinc deficiencies retard wound healing that prevents spread of infectious lesions.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Diet-induced arteriopathies in the rabbit aorta and oral vasculature.

Advanced atherosclerosis in the form of fibro-fatty intimal plaques has been produced in the rabbit aorta and oral vasculature (labial, lingual, gingival, palatal, periodontal and alveolar arteries) by dietary means. The animals were fed a hypercholesteremic diet and a normocholesteremic diet on alternate months for two years. In the aorta and in many of the oral vessels, the formation of the intimal atheromas was paralleled by a degeneration of the tunica media. The lingual arteries rivaled the aorta and coronary arteries in vulnerability to the diet-induced arteriopathies.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Pathogenesis of adjuvant-induced destructive periodontitis in marmosets.

The histologic reaction of the marmoset periodontium to a single intragingival injection of CFA was followed sequentially over a 2-week period. The earliest lesions were nonspecific and similar to IFA-induced responses. After 4 days the CFA-produced lesions were markedly destructive of periodontal bone, whereas the IFA reaction was not, indicating that the alveolar bone destruction that stemmed form the CFA injection may have been immunologically mediated.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Oral complications of cancer radiotherapy.

Injury to surrounding tissues during radiotherapy for oral cancer can have devastating physical and psychologic consequences for the patient. Oral complications include xerostomia, dental decay, mucositis, taste loss, osteoradionecrosis, infection, and trismus. In many instances, these problems can be eradicated or controlled with appropriate treatment.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Prevention of xerostomia-related dental caries in irradiated cancer patients.

Three caries preventative regimens: oral hygiene; oral hygiene and topical fluoride; and oral hygiene, typical fluoride, and sucrose restriction were evaluated in patients with cancer given xerostomia-producing radiotherapy. The oral hygiene-fluoride gel combination was remarkably effective in protecting these high risk patients from caries, regardless of the cariogenicity of the diet.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

The intraosseous orientation of the alveolar component of marmoset alveolodental fibers.

Sections of the jaws from marmosets of all ages were impregnated with silver nitrate to demonstrate the intrabony course of the alveolar fibers of the periodontal ligament. As the interseptal bone undergoes a period of resorption and apposition, the intrabony alveolar fibers also are lost and reformed. Age changes were noted in the insertion depth of the alveolar fibers. A continuum of fibers traversing the alveolar septum could not be determined.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1976

Radiation-induced xerostomia in cancer patients. Effect on salivary and serum electrolytes.

Saliva and serum electrolyte concentrations were monitored in 30 patients given a course of xerostomia-producing cancer radiotherapy. The mean flow rate of stimulated whole saliva decreased 83.3% during a 6-week treatment period. The striking reduction in saliva output was accompanied by significant increases in saliva Na+, Cl-, Ca++, Mg++ and Prot.- concentrations and by a decrease in saliva HCO3- content. The xerostomic saliva was more concentrated and had a greater salinity than the pretreatment saliva in each instance. In contrast, none of the serum electrolytes measured was significantly altered by the subtotal salivary shutdown.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1976

The effect of radiation-induced xerostomia on saliva and serum lysozyme and immunoglobulin levels.

Saliva and serum lysozyme, immunoglobulin, albumin, and total protein levels were monitored in thirty patients with cancer of the head or neck before, during, and after radiotherapy and compared with those of a group of non-irradiated noncancer control subjects. The mean volume-based saliva lysozyme and total protein concentrations were significantly higher in the cancer patients before radiotherapy than in the control group. During radiotherapy, the mean volume-based concentrations of all protein components assayed increased as the saliva flow rate decreased. Protein-based ratios of saliva albumin, IgG, and lysozyme and the ratio of IgG/IgA increased as the xerostomia intensified. Ratios of saliva total protein and IgA to flow rate paralleled the flow rate decrease. Such increased concentrations in saliva immunoproteins were offset, however, by a greater than 93 per cent reduction in total saliva output. This reduced saliva output, therefore, resulted in an immunoprotein deficit. There were no significant differences between the mean serum lysozyme levels of the cancer and control groups at any point of comparison. The mean serum immunoglobulin concentrations in the cancer patients before radiotherapy were significantly higher than those in the control group. During radiotherapy, there was a decrease in the mean serum total protein, albumin, and immunoglobulin levels which reverted toward the pretreatment values during the postirradiation period.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

Oral complications of cancer chemotherapy.

No part of the body reflects the complications of cancer chemotherapy as visibly and vividly as the mouth. The hemorrhagic, infectious, nutritional, cytotoxic, and neurologic signs of drug toxicity are registered in the mouth by changes in the color, character, and continuity of the mucosa. Although some of the complications are an inevitable part of the price of treatment, each constitutes a threat that must be kept within manageable limits.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

Glucose utilization by the salivary glands of the marmoset Saguinus oedipus.

Glucose utilization by the marmoset salivary glands was studied radioisotopically, both in vitro and in vivo. Surgically excised, minced parotid and submandibular glands from 7 adult animals were incubated in vitro in a medium containing uniformly labeled 14C glucose (glucose-UL-14C), then subjected to respirometry measurements and to extraction and separation procedures for the radioautographic isolation and identification of amino acids, organic acids, and glucose. Glucose utilization in vivo by the marmoset salivary glands was determined in 3 animals by analysis for 14C-containing amino acids, organic acids and glucose in pilocarpine-stimulated whole saliva, following intraperitoneal injection of glucose-UL-14C. The whole saliva was fractionated, separated and processed for localization of radioactivity by the same methods that were used in the in vitro studies. The isolated and in situ salivary glands converted glucose-UL-14C into 14C-containing carbon dioxide, glycine, alanine, glutamic acid, aspartic acid, and lactate. In no instance did the amount of 14C-glucose secreted in saliva exceed 0.52 mg/100 ml..

Amino Acids↗