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Biomedical subjects

S Dwivedi

Publications and source records attributed to S Dwivedi.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

Eosinophilic cystitis.

A case of eosinophilic cystitis characterized by profuse haematuria and spontaneous recovery is being reported. This is probably the first case report in Indian literature.

Biopsy↗
PubMed1989

Pseudohypertension with calcific aortic stenosis and angina pectoris.

A case of pseudohypertension as demonstrated by a very high systolic blood pressure (more than 280 mm of Hg) by sphygmomanometry and low blood pressure (148/30 mm of Hg) as evidenced by intra-arterial recording who also had severe calcific aortic stenosis, calcified right brachial artery and angina pectoris is described. This case is reported because of the unusual combination of lesions and the therapeutic challenge it poses.

Aged↗
PubMed1982

Division of the mouse gastric mucosa into zymogenic and mucous regions on the basis of gland features.

The stomachs of adult CD1 mice were investigated by anatomical examination and light microscopy. Serial sections were prepared of entire stomachs; the various types of gastric glands were characterized; and, using every 30th or 60th serial section, maps of gland distribution were obtained through point-plotting serial reconstruction. Gross examination shows that the cephalic third of the stomach consists of a thin-walled, domelike structure, the forestomach. The rest of the organ, or stomach proper, is subdivided into two parts, the thick-walled corpus, which approximately occupies the middle third, and the less vascular pyloric antrum which forms the remaining caudal third of the organ. Histologically, glands are absent from the forestomach mucosa but are numerous throughout the stomach proper. They are of two main types, namely, zymogenic glands, which contain, among others, zymogenic cells, and mucous glands, which lack these cells but contain mucous cells. Both gland types show a few enteroendocrine cells. Moreover, some of the mucous glands include parietal cells (mucoparietal glands), while others do not (pure mucous glands). Mucosal maps reveal that the glands of each type are located in distinct areas of the mucosa. Thus a compact zymogenic region may be defined, occupying 56% of the glandular mucosa and containing only zymogenic glands. The mucous region, on the other hand, composed only of mucous glands, is extensive and divided into a narrow cephalic band (5.2% of the glandular mucosa) and a large caudal part (38.8%). Along the lesser curvature these parts are continuous, and together they encapsulate the zymogenic region. In proximity to the border of this region, and only there, do the mucous glands include parietal cells. A comparison of mucosal maps and gross features indicates that the corpus includes both the zymogenic region and the cephalic band of mucous glands, whereas the antrum is composed entirely of the mucous glands of the caudal part.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Enzyme replacement therapy in the mouse model of Pompe disease.

Deficiency of acid alpha-glucosidase (GAA) results in widespread cellular deposition of lysosomal glycogen manifesting as myopathy and cardiomyopathy. When GAA-/- mice were treated with rhGAA (20 mg/kg/week for up to 5 months), skeletal muscle cells took up little enzyme compared to liver and heart. Glycogen reduction was less than 50%, and some fibers showed little or no glycogen clearance. A dose of 100 mg/kg/week resulted in approximately 75% glycogen clearance in skeletal muscle. The enzyme reduced cardiac glycogen to undetectable levels at either dose. Skeletal muscle fibers with residual glycogen showed immunoreactivity for LAMP-1/LAMP-2, indicating that undigested glycogen remained in proliferating lysosomes. Glycogen clearance was more pronounced in type 1 fibers, and histochemical analysis suggested an increased mannose-6-phosphate receptor immunoreactivity in these fibers. Differential transport of enzyme into lysosomes may explain the strikingly uneven pattern of glycogen removal. Autophagic vacuoles, a feature of both the mouse model and the human disease, persisted despite glycogen clearance. In some groups a modest glycogen reduction was accompanied by improved muscle strength. These studies suggest that enzyme replacement therapy, although at much higher doses than in other lysosomal diseases, has the potential to reverse cardiac pathology and to reduce the glycogen level in skeletal muscle.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Studies on oxidative stress, serum iron and iron binding capacity in subjects prone to the risk of coronary artery disease.

Lipid peroxidation in vitro and in vivo has been postulated to be involved in the development of atherosclerosis. It is also known that free iron catalyses the lipid peroxidation. Therefore, we assessed the status of oxidative stress in smokers, hypertensives and non-insulin dependent subjects, who were prone to coronary artery disease. In addition, superoxide dismutase levels and iron binding capacity were also measured to know their antioxidant defences. One hundred seventy-five consecutive subjects below 60 years of age were examined; they were then divided into three groups: one with coronary artery disease, another without coronary artery disease and a healthy control group. The patients having either of the one risk factors for coronary artery disease i.e. smoking, hypertension and/or diabetes were studied. Serum lipid peroxides, superoxide dismutase, serum iron and iron binding capacity were estimated. Oxidative stress was highest in smokers with coronary artery disease (3.11+/-0.79 mmol/ml) as compared to hypertensives (2.69+/-0.20 mmol/nl) and non-insulin dependent diabetics (2.78+/-0.19 mmol/ml). Superoxide dismutase activity was also significantly decreased (p<0.001) in smokers with coronary artery disease as compared to hypertensives and non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus. Final step of stepwise logistic regression based on malondialdehyde and superoxide dismutase correctly predicted coronary artery disease status in 90 percent smokers. Serum iron and total iron binding capacity were not significantly different in risk prone subjects. However, among all risk prone subjects, smokers with coronary artery disease showed highest serum iron levels and decreased iron binding capacity.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Pressure controlled inverse ratio ventilation in acute respiratory distress syndrome patients.

Appropriate ventilatory intervention is life saving in acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Pressure controlled inverse ratio ventilation (PC-IRV) is the likely mode of ventilation benefiting in extreme conditions of ARDS. However, guidelines when to start PC-IRV is not yet well defined. The ventilation-related dilemma, which we faced in two illustrative cases of ARDS are presented. The first patient presenting clinically with ARDS but with high peak airway pressure (PIP) and low dynamic lung compliance, PC-IRV helped in reducing PIP, improved haemodynamics and the oxygenation of blood. In second patient with similar clinical presentation of ARDS, where although PIP was high but the dynamic compliance was better, the PC-IRV caused deterioration in PaO2. Here, patient rather did better with high PEEP (15 cm H2O) and usual I: E ratio (1:2). It is probable that the dynamic lung compliance (< 20ml/cmH2O), PIP (> 50 cm H2O) at conventional I: E ratio (1:2) ventilation (10 ml/kg) with hypotension might form the basis to develop a scoring system for guidance to switch over to PC-IRV ventilation. Further randomised prospective controlled clinical trials will then be required to establish indication to start PC-IRV in ARDS.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Carcinoma oesophagus--an unusual cause of hypertrophic osteoarthropathy.

A rare case of Hypertrophic Osteoarthropathy in association with carcinoma of the oesophagus has been reported from Indian subcontinent. In addition to long bones short tubular bones are also involved in our case. Neurogenic theory is the most feasible pathogenesis for hypertrophic osteoarthropathy in the present case.

Esophageal Neoplasms↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Association of vitamin A, vitamin C and zinc with laryngeal cancer.

BACKGROUND: The incidence of the cancers of the oral cavity, pharynx, esophagus and larynx in different population groups of India is amongst the highest reported in Asian countries. There is evidence that high dietary carotenoids and vitamin C may possibly decrease the risk of laryngeal cancer. Limited data is available from India on the association between these micronutrients and the risk of laryngeal cancer. AIMS: To assess the levels of vitamin A, vitamin C and zinc in laryngeal cancer patients and healthy controls. SETTING AND DESIGN: A hospital based case- control study. MATERIAL AND METHODS: One hundred and fifty five laryngeal cancer patients and a control group of 155 healthy individuals constituted the study population. Individuals in the control group were individually matched with the patients for their age +/- 2 years, sex and place of residence. Venous blood was drawn from the cases and controls and estimations of vitamin A, zinc and vitamin C was done utilizing the standard procedures. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS USED: Paired 't' test to compare the mean serum levels of vitamin A and zinc and plasma vitamin C between laryngeal cancer patients and controls. Univariate logistic regression analysis to calculate the odds ratios and the confidence intervals. RESULTS: The mean serum vitamin A, zinc and plasma vitamin C levels were significantly lower in laryngeal cancer patients as compared to the controls. CONCLUSIONS: The findings of the present study indicated a strong association of these micronutrients with laryngeal cancer in the Indian population.

Adult↗