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Biomedical subjects

S E Avner

Publications and source records attributed to S E Avner.

5 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1993

Once-a-day therapy for sinusitis: a comparison study of cefixime and amoxicillin.

The efficacy and safety of a once-a-day antibiotic in the treatment of sinusitis was studied. Two randomly assigned groups were treated with either once-a-day cefixime, a third generation cephalosporin, or amoxicillin three times a day. One hundred and fourteen patients were evaluated with antral punctures, microbiologic evaluation, and radiographic studies. Cultures revealed 40% gram-negative organisms, 48% gram-positive, and 12% anaerobes. The most common bacteria were Haemophilus influenzae, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus and viridans group streptococci. Ninety-four percent of the cefixime group were cured compared with 96% of the amoxicillin group. Staphylococcus resistance was a problem in both groups, necessitating an occasional change to amoxicillin-clavulanate potassium in the amoxicillin group. Once-a-day antibiotics offer the potential for improved compliance in the treatment of sinusitis. Cefixime offers an additional benefit of covering beta-lactamase producing strains of bacteria which are increasing in incidence and resistant to many penicillins.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1977

Ephedrine therapy in asthmatic children. Clinical tolerance and absence of side effects.

Sixteen asthmatic children between the ages of 7 and 13 years, 13 of whom were receiving theophylline orally around-the-clock, were studied for eight weeks in double-blind manner to evaluate efficacy, toxicity, and development of tolerance to the combination of ephedrine sulfate and theophylline. Reactions to the drug combination, assessed by close observation and daily patient questioning by the nursing staff, showed no toxicity or substantial side effects. Pulmonary function was measured hourly for six hours after each morning dose, and the data were analyzed to determine the degree and duration of bronchodilator response. Comparison of data from weeks 1 and 8 showed no evidence of the development of tolerance. Ephedrine is a potent bronchodilator that, in appropriate doses, can be administered safely along with therapeutic doses of theophylline without fear of progressive tolerance or toxicity.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

Assessing bronchodilator responsiveness.

This report concerns the difficulty in distinguishing variation due to drug effects from the spontaneous daily variation in baseline levels of pulmonary function in the evaluation of bronchodilator responsiveness in asthmatic children. Both prospective and retrospective studies were employed to assess the importance of the influence of the baseline level of function from which change is measured on the degree of responsiveness observed. It was found that for baseline levels up to approximately 90% of the predicted normal value, all patients had the capacity to respond significantly to a bronchodilator. However, there was no limit of baseline function below which a significant response did not occur.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

Terbutaline and ephedrine in asthmatic children.

The effects of terbutaline, ephedrine, and placebo on the cardiovascular and pulmonary systems have been compared in 24 asthmatic children. Ephedrine and terbutaline were both found to be effective bronchodilators, with onset of action within 30 minutes. The bronchodilator effect of ephedrine was maintained for three hours, while terbutaline was active for five hours. Terbutaline caused significantly greater improvement in pulmonary functions than did ephedrine. Both terbutaline and ephedrine were associated with clinically insignificant changes in blood pressure and pulse rate. The only significant side effect observed was hand tremor in children receiving terbutaline and this appeared only early in the course of drug treatment. There was no evidence of tolerance to the bronchodilator effect of ephedrine or terbutaline after eight weeks of therapy.

Adolescent↗