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Biomedical subjects

S E Aw

Publications and source records attributed to S E Aw.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1983

The incidence of atopy in steroid-responsive nephrotic syndrome: clinical and immunological parameters.

Fifty-nine children with steroid-responsive nephrotic syndrome (SRNS), ages ranging from two to 18 years, were studied to determine the incidence of atopy, using both clinical and immunological parameters. Children with SRNS were found to have a significantly higher incidence of atopy both in themselves (z = 2.51, p less than 0.05) and their first-degree relatives (z = 2.34, p less than 0.05). The proportion of children with raised serum IgE levels (60%) and the geometric mean (631 U/ml) in SRNS children were significantly higher than control values, 14.5% and 136 U/ml, respectively (p less than 0.0001). Intra-group comparison showed that children with multiple relapses (more than two relapses) had higher incidence of skin test positivity to house dust mite (p less than 0.01) and to two or more antigens (p less than 0.05). Our data would suggest that atopy may be a predisposing factor in local children with SRNS.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

Nuclear medicine--an overview.

A radioactive isotope behaves chemically and biologically like its non-radioactive counterpart. The application of this principle to medical diagnosis has evolved into a whole specialty called nuclear medicine. The development of the rectilinear scanner and gamma camera has extended the study of molecular pathways into an exciting imaging modality while developments in radiopharmaceuticals have made radionuclide imaging of many organ systems widely available. The most significant improvements have occurred in bone, hepatobiliary and cardiac imaging. Today, however, nuclear medicine is evolving into a more dynamic study of physiological processes in the body and how these processes may be affected by disease and medical treatment. Emission tomography with a new generation of both gamma and positron emitters will be integral part of nuclear medicine in the future. The challenge to develop radio-labelled antibodies for immunotherapy and immunodetection remains while many of the older techniques like radioimmunoassay, and even the simple colloid liver scan, will continue to contribute significantly to health care.

Humans↗
PubMed1981

The molecular biology of cancer and its diagnostic implications.

The origin of cancer is discussed from the view of the two-stage model of malignant transformation. Environmental carcinogens play an integral part in the process. When the cell is transformed, cell surface changes are found for such components as fibronectin, collagen, actin, myosin, glycopeptides and enzyme activities. Hormone receptors are a fruitful line for research. Both qualitative and quantitative alterations are also seen with cancer cell enzymes. Among enzymes that can be used as markers of malignancy are the protease. A group of oncodevelopmental proteins, hormonal and non-hormonal, are in regular service for the management of cancer. Improvements in diagnostic specificity can be expected as the newer technologies are harnessed for medical use.

Carcinogens, Environmental↗
PubMed1975

The radiometric assay of microsomal UDP-glucuronyltransferase using 125I-labelled phenolphthalein.

A rapid and sensitive method is described for assaying UDP-glucuronyl-transferase (EC 2.4.1.17) activity. The substrate is the relatively apolar phenolphthalein, labelled with 125I on one of its two phenolic rings leaving a free hydroxyl group for glucuronidation. Extraction with ethyl acetate leaves the glucuronide in the aqueous reaction medium which is then counted. Less than 10 mug microsomal protein is required and the glucuronidation of 10 ng 125I-labelled phenolphthalein (0.03 nmoles) is easily detected.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

The radiometric assay of alkaline phosphatase activity with 125-I-labelled phenolphthalein monophosphate.

The coupling of 125-I to phenolphthalein monophosphate is described. Hydrolytic cleavage of the phosphate group by alkaline phosphatases (EC 3.1.-3.1) releases labelled phenolphthalein which is extracted into ethyl acetate at pH 10. This forms the basis of a sensitive assay for the enzyme with the advantages of sensitivity and rapidity from the use of a gamma-emitter. Results with Escherichia coli and calf intestine alkaline phosphatases are presented.

Alkaline Phosphatase↗
PubMed1970

The use of cyst antigen in the serodiagnosis of amoebiasis.

The choice of a specific and pure antigen is one of the many problems in the serodiagnosis of amoebic infection. Microbial associates in amoebic cultures have often given rise to confusing results in these tests. Entamoeba histolytica trophozoites grown axenically provide a useful source of antigen but the axenic medium is expensive and cumbersome to prepare.The authors have successfully investigated the use of E. invadens cysts as a relatively inexpensive source of bacteria-free antigen which can be employed in routine diagnostic work. Indirect haemagglutination tests using the easily prepared cyst antigen show remarkable sensitivity and reproducibility in detecting anti-amoebic antibody levels in patients suffering from amoebiasis. The cyst antigen appears to be superior to E. histolytica trophozoite antigen in detecting cases of acute amoebic dysentery.

Amebiasis↗