Biomedical subjects

S E Barker

Publications and source records attributed to S E Barker.

11 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed2006

EIAV vector-mediated delivery of endostatin or angiostatin inhibits angiogenesis and vascular hyperpermeability in experimental CNV.

We evaluated the efficacy of equine infectious anaemia virus (EIAV)-based lentiviral vectors encoding endostatin (EIAV.endostatin) or angiostatin (EIAV.angiostatin) in inhibiting angiogenesis and vascular hyperpermeability in the laser-induced model of choroidal neovascularisation (CNV). Equine infectious anaemia virus.endostatin, EIAV.angiostatin or control (EIAV.null) vectors were administered into the subretinal space of C57Bl/6J mice. Two weeks after laser injury CNV areas and the degree of vascular hyperpermeability were measured by image analysis of in vivo fluorescein angiograms. Compared with EIAV.null-injected eyes, EIAV.endostatin resulted in a 59.5% (P<0.001) reduction in CNV area and a reduction in hyperpermeability of 25.6% (P<0.05). Equine infectious anaemia virus.angiostatin resulted in a 50.0% (P<0.05) reduction in CNV area and a 23.9% (P<0.05) reduction in hyperpermeability. Equine infectious anaemia virus.endostatin, but not EIAV.angiostatin significantly augmented the frequency of apoptosis within the induced CNV as compared with injected controls. TdT-dUTP terminal nick end labeling analysis 5 weeks post-injection, and histological and retinal flatmount analysis 12 months post-injection revealed no evidence of vector- or transgene expression-related deleterious effects on neurosensory retinal cells, or mature retinal vasculature in non-lasered eyes. Highly expressing EIAV-based vectors encoding endostatin or angiostatin effectively control angiogenesis and hyperpermeability in experimental CNV without long-term deleterious effects, supporting the use of such a strategy in the management of patients with exudative age-related macular degeneration.

Angiogenesis Inhibitors↗

PubMed2000

DFNA25, a novel locus for dominant nonsyndromic hereditary hearing impairment, maps to 12q21-24.

Using linkage analysis, we identified a novel dominant locus, DFNA25, for delayed-onset, progressive, high-frequency, nonsyndromic sensorineural hearing loss in a large, multigenerational United States family of Czech descent. On the basis of recombinations in affected individuals, we determined that DFNA25 is located in a 20-cM region of chromosome 12q21-24 between D12S327 (centromeric) and D12S84 (telomeric), with a maximum two-point LOD score of 6.82, at recombination fraction.041, for D12S1030. Candidate genes in this region include ATP2A2, ATP2B1, UBE3B, and VR-OAC. DFNA25 may be the human ortholog of bronx waltzer (bv).

Adult↗

PubMed2000

A pilot randomized controlled trial of two regimens of fetal surveillance for small-for-gestational-age fetuses with normal results of umbilical artery doppler velocimetry.

OBJECTIVE: This study was undertaken to determine whether the frequency of fetal surveillance could be safely reduced from twice weekly to fortnightly in the case of small-for-gestational-age fetuses with normal results of umbilical artery Doppler velocimetry studies. STUDY DESIGN: Pregnant women between 24 and 36 weeks' gestation (n = 167) with small-for-gestational-age fetuses and normal results of umbilical artery Doppler velocimetry studies were randomly allocated to undergo twice-weekly or fortnightly fetal surveillance. Statistical analysis was carried out according to intention to treat. RESULTS: Eighty-five women were randomly assigned to undergo twice-weekly fetal surveillance and 82 were randomly assigned to undergo fortnightly fetal surveillance. Those randomly assigned to twice-weekly surveillance were delivered 4 days earlier (264 vs 268 days; P =.04) and were more likely to have labor induced (n = 70, 82%, vs n = 54, 66%; P =.02) than those randomly assigned to fortnightly surveillance. Fifty-four babies (23%) were admitted to the neonatal nursery, but there were no differences in neonatal morbidity between the groups. CONCLUSIONS: Maternal intervention (induction) was more common in the twice-weekly group. No differences in neonatal outcomes were detected. A much larger trial is required to determine the safety and potential benefits of less frequent surveillance of small-for gestational-age fetuses with normal results of umbilical artery Doppler velocimetry studies.

Female↗

PubMed2000

Outcome of newborn hearing screening by ABR compared with four different DPOAE pass criteria.

The purpose of this study is to compare the effectiveness and utility of distortion product otoacoustic emission (DPOAE) and auditory brain stem response (ABR) testing as screening methodologies suitable for universal application at a large birthing hospital. Five hundred sixty-nine neonates (1184 ears) without risk indicators for hearing loss underwent DPOAE and ABR screening before hospital discharge at birth. All ears (100%) passed the ABR screening. DPOAE results were categorized on the basis of the number of frequencies at which emissions were obtained as well as presence versus absence of a replicated response at each test frequency. Pass and refer rates varied widely, on the basis of whether the presence of DPOAE response at 2000 Hz or replication were required. With the most stringent criteria, only 64.44% of ears passed, whereas with the least stringent criteria 88.94% passed. Given that 100% of ears passed according to the gold standard of the ABR screening, these results indicate false-positive rates ranging from 11% to 35% by DPOAE screening. This discrepancy in pass and refer rates when various criteria are applied indicates the need for standardization and further comparison of appropriate pass criteria for newborn hearing screening programs.

Audiometry, Evoked Response↗

PubMed1997

Prevalence of binge eating disorder in obese adults seeking weight loss treatment.

Binge eating has been identified as a common problem in samples of obese persons. Earlier studies found that approximately 30% of participants presenting for weight loss treatment could be diagnosed with Binge Eating Disorder (BED). This study investigated the prevalence of BED using the Questionnaire on Eating and Weight Patterns (QEWP) and the Interview for the Diagnosis of Eating Disorders (IDED) in a sample of 468 obese adults seeking weight loss treatment at two research facilities. The study found that only a small percentage of the participants met Diagnostic and Statistical Manual for Mental Disorders, 4th Revision (DSM-IV) diagnostic criteria for BED using either the IDED (1.3%) or QEWP (7.3%). A larger percentage of the sample (10.7% based on the IDED and 20.5% based on the QEWP) reported binge eating, but did not endorse all criteria necessary to warrant a diagnosis of BED. The primary finding of the study was that the prevalence of BED in treatment seeking obese adults was much lower than was reported in previous studies. Also, there was significant discrepancy in prevalence rates of BED as defined by self-report and interview assessment methods, with the interview method yielding lower estimates of prevalence. These findings suggest that the prevalence of BED may be lower than estimates of earlier reports. We recommend that future studies of BED use reliable and valid interview methods and that this research focus on more diverse populations, including men and a variety of racial and ethnic groups.

Adult↗

PubMed1996

Compensation seeking status and psychometric assessment of combat veterans seeking treatment for PTSD.

Examined differences between compensation seeking (CS) veterans and noncompensation seeking (NCS) veterans on the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2 (MMPI-2) and other psychological measures in 142 combat veterans evaluated for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) at an outpatient Veterans Affairs (VA) hospital PTSD clinic. Patients were grouped on the basis of their compensation seeking status, with 69% classified as CS for PTSD. The CS veterans achieved significantly more pathological scores across a wide range of psychological inventories and MMPI-2 validity indices, although they did not differ in frequency of PTSD diagnoses from NCS veterans. Implications of these findings are discussed, and clinicians are advised to be aware of the compensation seeking status of combat-veterans being evaluated for PTSD.

Adult↗

PubMed1995

Body image, body dysphoria, and dietary restraint: factor structure in nonclinical subjects.

The principal aim of this study was to examine the factor structure of several assessment methods used to measure dietary restraint, body dissatisfaction, and body image. Factor analysis was employed to identify and confirm the primary constructs measured by these assessment methods. A total of 206 undergraduate women were recruited as subjects. This sample was divided into two subsets of 100 and 106 subjects. On the first subset, principle components analysis identified three factors: body dysphoria, dietary restraint, and body image. With the second subset of subjects, confirmatory factor analysis cross-validated this factor structure. A two factor solution, body dysphoria and dietary restraint, was identified and confirmed when the body image measure was converted to a self-minus-ideal discrepancy score. These findings are discussed in relation to the definition of control groups to be used in studies of anorexia and bulimia nervosa. Guidelines for the selection of measures for each of the three factors also are presented.

Adult↗

PubMed1995

Clarifying body-image disturbance: analysis of a multidimensional model using structural modeling.

A multidimensional model of body-image disturbance was tested. The model incorporated the concepts of body-size distortion, preference for thinness, body dissatisfaction, and fear of fatness as predictors of restrictive eating. The LISREL 7 program was used to perform a structural modeling analysis of the theoretical model. A total of 175 women participated in the study (54 eating-disordered patients and 121 undergraduate students). The results supported the hypothesized four-dimensional model relative to alternative one-, two-, and three-dimensional models. Body dissatisfaction appeared to be directly affected by both body-size distortion and preference for thinness. Fear of fatness was found to be the best predictor of restrictive eating. The results appeared consistent across the clinical and nonclinical samples. These data may help resolve many of the current controversies in the body-image literature. The results also suggested the need to develop more sound assessment instruments for fear of fatness.

Journal Article↗

PubMed1994

Congenital heart disease in infants with Down's syndrome.

Medical records of 118 newborn infants with Down's syndrome were reviewed to document the types of congenital heart disease (CHD) in those having echocardiography. Of 102 infants having echocardiography, 49 (48%) had heart defects; 47 of these had trisomy 21 and 2 had unbalanced translocation karyotypes. Of the 53 (52%) who did not have heart defects, all had trisomy except 1 with a mosaic karyotype and 1 with a translocation karyotype. The most common heart malformation was an atrioventricular canal, followed in frequency by ventricular septal defect, atrial septal defect, patent ductus arteriosus, and tetralogy of Fallot. Benefits of echocardiography in such infants are early detection of CHD, with aggressive management to prevent future complications, and reassurance to parents if the infant does not have CHD.

Alabama↗

PubMed1993

Confirmatory factor analysis of a multidimensional model of bulimia nervosa.

In a recent investigation of the psychopathology of bulimia nervosa by Tobin, Johnson, Steinberg, Staats, and Dennis (1991), a multidimensional model for bulimia nervosa was presented, based on the results of an exploratory factor analysis. In the present investigation, these results and the multidimensional model were tested by means of confirmatory factor analysis with 100 women diagnosed as having bulimia nervosa. The results not only support the multidimensional model with the higher order dimensions Affective and Personality Disorder, Bulimic Behaviors, and Restricting Behaviors, but also demonstrate the importance of body dissatisfaction as a significant, and possibly independent, component of bulimia nervosa.

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Additive effects of mood and eating forbidden foods upon the perceptions of overeating and binging in bulimia nervosa.

We examined the relationship between actual caloric intake and subjective perceptions of amount eaten using self-monitoring data. Forty subjects participated in the study: 20 bulimia nervosa patients and 20 normal controls. All subjects monitored their eating for a 2-week period and rated each eating episode on a Likert-type scale ranging from an undereat to a binge. Estimates of actual caloric intake were compared with these subjective ratings. Bulimics were found to overrate the amount consumed, relative to controls. The effect increased as caloric intake increased. Bulimics' ratings of amount eaten and binging were found to be predicted by the estimate of the actual amount eaten, the type of foods eaten, and the subjects' mood prior to eating, while nonbulimics' ratings were predicted only by the estimated actual amount. Subjective ratings of amount were found to be the best predictor of purgative activity. The results are discussed in terms of a perceptual bias theory, treatment implications, and possible revisions to the current DSM criteria for bulimia nervosa.

Affect↗