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Biomedical subjects

S E Dalton

Publications and source records attributed to S E Dalton.

7 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1994

The conservative management of rotator cuff disorders.

A process of progressive tendon failure leads to rotator cuff rupture in a significant percentage of the ageing population but many individuals remain asymptomatic. Aetiological factors are varied and not completely understood but greater knowledge of shoulder function and mechanics allows for improved non-operative and operative management. There is a definite role for comprehensive conservative treatment of rotator cuff disorders in those cases where surgery is not clearly indicated. Successful rehabilitation depends largely on proper clinical assessment and individualized treatment. This requires a good understanding of the biomechanics of shoulder, and especially rotator cuff, function. Few recent studies have properly evaluated the results of such non-operative treatment.

Biomechanical Phenomena↗
PubMed1992

Overuse injuries in adolescent athletes.

As sports participation increases so too does the incidence of injuries, both acute and overuse. The growing skeleton is particularly susceptible due to the presence of growth cartilage at 3 locations; the epiphyseal plate, the joint surface and the apophysis. The risk of injury is most pronounced during the rapid growth spurt of adolescence when other factors, such as muscle tightness across joints, also become important in the aetiology of sporting injury. Overuse injuries seen in this age group may reflect the growth characteristics of the immature skeleton or may be of the type seen in adult athletes undergoing rigorous training schedules. Recent developments in organised competitive sport have seen growing individuals undertake prolonged and intensive training programmes when they are particularly at risk of sustaining an overuse injury. The training programme is one of a number of risk factors important in the generation of injury, many of which can be modified or controlled to an extent. Other factors such as growth deformities or malalignments are peculiar to the individual and preparticipation evaluation of the young athlete helps to identify those at risk. Whilst long term disability rarely eventuates, the loss of enjoyment and temporary incapacity resulting from this type of injury is significant. It is apparent that many of these injuries are preventable, and given the information available concerning the factors involved in their aetiology, it is the responsibility of coaches and health professionals alike to become involved in their early diagnosis, treatment and prevention.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Glenohumeral instability.

Glenohumeral instability is an important cause of shoulder pain and disability in an active population. An awareness of the prevalence of recurrent instability, either in the form of dislocation or subluxation, is particularly useful in the assessment of the young athlete presenting with shoulder pain. Young adults presenting with rotator cuff tendinitis may have an underlying instability as the primary cause of their problem. A careful clinical examination should determine whether the instability is voluntary or involuntary, of traumatic or atraumatic onset, and the primary direction of the instability, as these factors have important implications with regard to treatment. Anterior glenohumeral instability is most common and the incidence of recurrent instability following on from an initial dislocation is high in the young active patient. An intensive rehabilitation programme is indicated for all initial dislocations or subluxations but surgery may become necessary after failure of conservative treatment. Care must be taken to determine accurately those patients with voluntary or multi-directional instability and a longer trial of conservative treatment is indicated here, as results of operative treatment in those cases are less favourable. Conservative treatment should be directed at strengthening the dynamic stabilizers of the shoulder joint, notably the rotator cuff muscles. Additional X-ray views are needed to demonstrate all the radiological changes associated with recurrent instability and further evaluation with examination under anaesthesia and arthroscopy is beneficial in the assessment of these patients. Arthroscopic surgery also has a role in the treatment of patients with symptomatic labral pathology and is now being used to perform stabilization procedures in selected cases. Many operative procedures have been described for stabilization of the shoulder and these should be directed at correcting the pathology present. Restoration of the patient's flexibility and strength postoperatively is essential, especially in the athlete in order to allow a full return to sporting activity.

Combined Modality Therapy↗
PubMed1978

Thiophanate as a low daily dosage anthelmintic in sheep.

Thiophanate administered daily at low dosages reduced nematode faecal egg output, egg hatchability and parasitic worm burdens in treated lambs and ewes. Six daily doses of 1 or 3 mg per kg thiophanate (approximately 1/25th to 1/75th of the median therapeutic dose), given to lambs experimently infected with Trichostrongylus colubriformis, were partially effective in suppressing faecal egg output and egg hatchability. Six doses of 5 mg per kg per day were effective in lambs infected with Haemonchus contortus and Nematodirus spathiger. Daily doses of thiophanate (50 or 200 mg per head) given over 14 weeks to lambs grazing contaminated pasture resulted in improved productivity (the higher dosage) and suppression of output of viable eggs and reduced worm burdens (both dosages). Reduced output of viable eggs was also obtained in housed, lactating ewes receiving 5 or 7 mg per kg thiophanate dispersed daily in the feed for 11 or nine weeks respectively after lambing.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

Experimental and field studies with thiophanate in pigs.

Thiophanate, administered at a dosage of 50 mg per kg to artifically infected pigs, removed 96 to 99 per cent of adult Oesophagostomum spp, Hyostrongylus rubidus and Trichuris suis. Activity was also high against larval stages of these nematodes, except for 26-day-old T suis. Thiophanate also showed ovicidal and larvicidal activity against H rubidus and Oesophagostomum spp. At 50 mg per kg thiophanate administered alone was inactive against Ascaris suum and Metastrongylus apri, the former species also being refractory at 200 mg per kg. Field trials confirmed these efficacy results in naturally infected animals. Pellet formulations providing mean dosages of 63 mg thiophanate per kg for adult pigs and 75 mg thiophanate per kg with 83 mg piperazine base per kg for growing pigs were highly effective in reducing the faecal output of Oesophagostomum spp, H rubidus and T suis eggs. In growing pigs, A suum was controlled by the thiophanate/piperazine product. No palatability or tolerance problems were observed when thiophanate or thiophanate/piperazine mixtures were administered at recommended dosage or multiples thereof in experimental or field studies.

Animals↗