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Biomedical subjects

S E Gray

Publications and source records attributed to S E Gray.

15 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1997

The use of music during the immediate postoperative recovery period.

The most effective approach to managing patients' pain in the immediate postoperative period may include a combination of pharmacologic agents and noninvasive, nonpharmacologic interventions. In this study, nurse researchers evaluated the effect of music on pain and anxiety levels and selected physiologic parameters of two groups of patients who were emerging and recovering from anesthesia. Patients in the treatment group listened to music through head-phones during the last 30 minutes of their surgical procedures and during the first hour in the postanesthesia care unit (PACU). Patients in the control group had identical surgical procedures, received the same preoperative medications, and were managed with the same anesthesia protocol but did not listen to music in the OR or PACU. No differences existed between the two patient groups in the variables measured; however, patients in the treatment group stated that music helped them relax and functioned as a distracter.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Effect of intravenous magnesium sulfate on the biophysical profile of the healthy preterm fetus.

OBJECTIVE: The null hypothesis is that intravenous magnesium sulfate does not affect the biophysical profile of the healthy preterm fetus. STUDY DESIGN: Thirty-one fetuses of 25 patients between the gestational ages of 24 and 35 weeks, median 31.4 and mean (+/- SD) 30.4 (+/- 2.9), who required tocolysis for uterine contractions were prospectively studied. After normal fetal biophysical assessment was documented, intravenous magnesium sulfate was started as a 4 or 6 gm loading dose and then infused at 2 to 3.5 gm/hr to achieve tocolysis. Blood was drawn for measurement of maternal serum magnesium levels immediately before intravenous magnesium sulfate was administered and at 2 and 12 hours after the loading dose. Biophysical profiles, consisting of a possible 12 points, were performed at the same time as blood was drawn. Serum magnesium levels were compared with one-way analysis of variance for repeated measures and biophysical profile scores with Friedman's test. Statistical significance was considered p < 0.05. RESULTS: Mean (+/- SD) serum magnesium levels were 1.7 (+/- 0.1) mg/dl before infusion, 4.3 (+/- 0.6) mg/dl at 2 hours, and 5.2 (+/- 0.7) mg/dl at 12 hours (p < 0.001). Six fetuses did not have a 12-hour biophysical profile; three were delivered for severe variable decelerations, two progressed in labor, and in one tocolysis was discontinued. The median biophysical profile score was 11 before intravenous magnesium sulfate, at 2 hours, and at 12 hours after the loading dose. The biophysical parameters present and the percentage of fetuses with each parameter were as follows: breathing (> 30 seconds), 88% (22/25) before magnesium sulfate, 84% (21/25) at 2 hours, and 92% (23/25) at 12 hours; nonstress test (reactive), 84% (21/25) before magnesium sulfate, 68% (17/25) at 2 hours, and 80% (20/25) at 12 hours; movement (normal), 100% (25/25) before magnesium sulfate, 100% (25/25) at 2 hours, and 96% (24/25) at 12 hours. CONCLUSION: Intravenous magnesium sulfate did not significantly alter the biophysical profile in the 25 fetuses evaluated by three biophysical profiles in spite of the significant increase in maternal serum magnesium levels.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Fracture resistance of complex amalgam restorations with peripheral shelves used as resistance features.

This in vitro study compared various peripheral shelves (steps) as resistance features for complex amalgam restorations. Three different sizes of peripheral shelves were evaluated: 1 mm x 1 mm, 2 mm x 2 mm, and 1 mm cervically x 2 mm pulpally. The resistance of these features was compared to a control group that utilized two amalgam pins. The 1 mm x 1 mm shelf provided significantly less resistance than the other groups.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed1992

Midtrimester pregnancy termination: a randomized trial of prostaglandin E2 versus concentrated oxytocin.

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to determine whether a concentrated oxytocin infusion can reliably effect uterine evacuation in the midtrimester and whether such an infusion is associated with fewer side effects than prostaglandin E2 vaginal suppositories. STUDY DESIGN: Patients received either prostaglandin E2 (n = 42) or oxytocin (n = 45) for indicated midtrimester abortions in a prospective, randomized trial. Treatment consisted of either prostaglandin E2 vaginal suppositories (one every 4 hours) or infusions of an escalating concentration of oxytocin (one every 4 hours). Unless delivery had occurred or was imminent after 24 hours, the agent was considered to have failed, and patients were crossed to the alternative method. RESULTS: Delivery indications were similar between the two groups. There were 6 (14%) first-agent failures with prostaglandin E2 and 9 (20%) with oxytocin (p = 0.48). Considering the failures and subsequent crossovers, 103 patient trial regimens were completed. Fever, nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea were more frequent with prostaglandin E2 (p < 0.005). CONCLUSIONS: Concentrated oxytocin is a satisfactory alternative to prostaglandin E2 for midtrimester abortion.

Abortifacient Agents↗
PubMed1992

Mechanical properties of dental base materials.

The compressive strengths and compressive moduli of seven base materials (Dycal, VLC Dycal, Time-line, Vitrabond, Ketac Bond, Fuji Lining LC, XR-Ionomer) were measured at 7 minutes, 24 hours, and 90 days using 9 mm by 4 mm cylindrical specimens prepared in hollow Teflon tubes. The 24-hour and 90-day specimens were maintained for 1 hour at 37 degrees C with relative humidity greater than 30%, then placed in distilled water at 37 degrees C until testing. After grinding the ends of the specimens flat, the cylinders of base material were loaded at 1.0 mm/min in an Instron. The compressive strengths of Timeline, a resin based material, at 7 minutes, 24 hours, and 90 days were not significantly different. Timeline had significantly greater compressive strengths of all time periods than the other six materials. The compressive strength of both Dycal and VLC Dycal decreased significantly between the 24-hour and 90-day periods. Of the three photosensitive GI base/liners tested, Fuji Lining LC had significantly higher compressive strengths in all three time periods. At 7 minutes, Timeline demonstrated a significantly higher compressive modulus than any other product. Ketac Bond had a significantly higher compressive modulus at 24 hours and 90 days.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed1991

An in vivo and in vitro comparison of two dentin bonding agents.

The in vitro and in vivo shear bond strengths of two dentin bonding agents to dentin were measured by use of a goat model. The dentin was exposed in the mandibular incisors of 10 adult goats while they were maintained under general anesthesia. Separate gingival and incisal areas of dentin were isolated with Teflon tape, exposing an area 2.83 mm in diameter. GLUMA or Scotchbond II was applied to those dentin areas according to the manufacturers' directions. A column of resin was then applied over the bonding agent and light-cured. Two hours later, the animals were killed and the teeth removed. The teeth were then mounted in acrylic resin, and the resin composite tube was loaded in shear until failure on an Instron. Seven days later, the extracted teeth were re-prepared and the same bonding procedure re-applied. These teeth were placed in the Instron and loaded in shear until failure. Thirteen months later, the teeth bonded with GLUMA were re-prepared and bonded in the same manner as above. The resin composite was loaded in shear until failure. There was no significant difference between the two-hour in vivo bond strength and the seven-day or the 13-month in vitro bond strength with GLUMA. There was no significant difference between the two-hour in vivo or the seven-day in vitro bond strength for Scotchbond II. There was no significant difference between the shear bond strengths of the two dentin bonding agents.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed1991

Mid-second-trimester labor induction: concentrated oxytocin compared with prostaglandin E2 vaginal suppositories.

A concentrated oxytocin infusion and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) vaginal suppositories were compared in a retrospective analysis for indicated abortion in the mid-second trimester (17-24 weeks' gestation). Eighty-one women underwent second-trimester pregnancy termination, 59 by PGE2 suppositories and 22 by concentrated oxytocin infusion. Success was achieved by PGE2 in 93% (55 of 59) and oxytocin in 91% (20 of 22). The mean duration of labor was 13.1 hours with PGE2 and 8.2 hours with oxytocin. The mean dose of PGE2 was 65.2 mg; of oxytocin, 200 units. Women who received PGE2 experienced nausea (46%), vomiting (37%), fever (64%), and diarrhea (20%) despite appropriate premedication. Few side effects occurred in the women who were treated with oxytocin. We conclude that concentrated oxytocin infusion seems to be a reasonable alternative to PGE2 vaginal suppositories for induction of labor in the mid-second trimester.

Abortion, Induced↗
PubMed1984

Fertility after metroplasty of the septate uterus.

Congenital uterine anomalies are well known to affect a woman's fertility and ability to deliver a viable infant. A retrospective chart review with recent follow-up was performed for 38 women who underwent a modified Tompkin's metroplasty. All septate uterine configurations were proven by hysterosalpingography and laparoscopy. We examined the preoperative and postoperative fertility and pregnancy salvage rates. An examination to exclude other absolute infertility and pregnancy wastage factors was completed before surgery. Of 38 women studied, 30 (78.9%) had conceived before surgery, for a 6.2% pregnancy salvage rate. Of the 36 women operated on at least one year previously, 24 (66.7%) had become pregnant, for a 77.8% pregnancy salvage rate. Fertility after metroplasty is dependent on many individual factors, and efforts must be made to maximize them. Metroplasty improves the pregnancy salvage rate in women with septate uteri.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Combined medical-dental treatment of an epidermolysis bullosa patient.

Epidermolysis bullosa presents a wide range of clinical symptoms. In this case, a patient had recessive dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa that required dental treatment. Standard protocol modifications and medical considerations were required in preparation for general anesthesia. Postoperative follow-up, including monitoring the relationship of the patient's disease state to dental health, is recommended.

Anesthesia, Dental↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The effect of various surface coatings on fluoride release from glass-ionomer cement.

To protect glass-ionomer cement from moisture contamination and dehydration during initial setting, immediate application of a surface coating agent is recommended. This study compared the effect of various surface coatings on F release from glass-ionomer cement. Twenty glass-ionomer cement (Ketac Fil Aplicap) disks (4.52 cm2) were prepared from a Teflon mold. The control group was uncoated, while the experimental groups were coated with Visiobond, Scotchbond II, and Ketac Varnish. In addition, five specimens of Variglass were similarly prepared and remained uncoated as per the manufacturer's instructions. F release was measured each day during week 1 and on the last day of weeks 2, 3, and 4. The results indicated that the application of the surface coatings did not completely inhibit F release from glass-ionomer cements, and that F release during the first week for all groups was significantly greater than in the subsequent 3 weeks. Visiobond-coated glass-ionomer cement allowed significantly more F release than Scotchbond II-coated glass-ionomer cement, Ketac Varnish-coated glass-ionomer cement, or Variglass.

Acrylic Resins↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The effect of various bases on the fracture resistance of amalgam.

UNLABELLED: This study compared the compressive force required to fracture amalgam over nine base materials: a calcium hydroxide product (Dycal); two autocured glass ionomers (GlasIonomer Base Cement and Ketac-Bond); three light-cured glass ionomers (Photac-Bond, Variglass VLC, and Vitrebond); two light-cured resins (Timeline and VLC Dycal); and a zinc phosphate cement (Fleck's Zinc Cement). For the control group, 10 aluminum dies (25 mm x 12 mm x 10 mm) were milled with 3.0 mm x 3.0 mm slots, which were filled with hand-condensed Tytin amalgam with no underlying base. For experimental groups, 10 aluminum dies of equal dimension were milled with 3.5 mm x 3.0 mm slots. Following manufacturer's instructions, the nine base materials were successively placed in these 10 dies using a depth-limiting device made of light-transmitting clear acrylic to ensure a 0.5 mm thickness, and Tytin amalgam was again condensed over each base such that the depth of the amalgam equalled that in the control. All test specimens were stored in 100% humidity for 48 hours then fractured in compression on an Instron machine. Mean force, in Newtons (S D in parentheses), required to fracture the specimens was: CONTROL: 1934(210), Zinc Cement: 1874(147), GlasIonomer Base Cement: 1839(174), Ketac-Bond: 1723(225), Vitrebond: 1485(155), Photac-Bond: 1422(294), Advanced Formula II Dycal: 1296(237), VLC Dycal: 1035(116), Variglass: 909(294) and Timeline: 906(275). ANOVA and Student-Newman-Keuls statistical analysis (alpha = 0.05) indicated that the autocuring glass ionomers, GlasIonomer Base Cement and Ketac-Bond, and a zinc phosphate cement, Zinc Cement, provided significantly more fracture resistance for amalgam than the other bases tested and were not statistically different from a no-base control.

Acrylic Resins↗