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Biomedical subjects

S E Hamp

Publications and source records attributed to S E Hamp.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2001

Nonsubmerged implants in the treatment of the edentulous lower jaw: a 5-year prospective longitudinal study of ITI hollow screws.

BACKGROUND: Although most implant systems have been designed for a two-stage surgical technique, a one-stage surgical technique has always been advocated for the ITI Dental Implant System (Straumann AG, Waldenburg, Switzerland). A new generation of ITI implants was presented in 1988 and included a hollow cylinder, a hollow screw, and a solid screw. PURPOSE: The goal of this study was to evaluate the one-stage surgical technique in connection with the ITI hollow screw in a longitudinal study over 5 years. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Forty-six patients with edentulous lower jaws were supplied with ITI hollow-screw implants. Patients who requested an overdenture (n = 18) had four implants inserted; those who requested a fixed bridge (n = 28) had five to six implants. The patients have been followed annually for 5 years. There was a dropout of three patients (6.5%); one patient did not want to cooperate, one moved from the area, and one was deceased. The clinical examinations included bridge removal for evaluation of the individual implant stability in connection with the 1-, 3-, and 5-year examinations. Radiographic examinations were performed with intraoral radiographs and the long-cone technique. RESULTS: The survival rate after 5 years was 95.7%. The success rate (in which implants undergoing treatment of peri-implantitis were not counted as successes) was 91.4%. The mean marginal bone loss between the baseline and the 1-year examination was 0.1 mm and between the 1- and 5-year examinations was 0.1 mm. These changes in marginal bone level were not significant. CONCLUSIONS: The success rate of ITI hollow-screw implants in the edentulous mandible was 91.4% after a 5-year observation period. There was no significant change in mean bone level between the loading of the implants and the 5-year examination. Peri-implantitis was diagnosed in three patients with poor oral hygiene, and it affected six implants. Five of these failed in spite of treatment.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Radiography of spontaneous periodontitis in dogs.

The pattern and distribution of periodontitis were investigated in 162 randomly selected dogs available for necropsy in veterinary practice. There were 82 males and 80 females of 50 different breeds (150 dogs were pure-bred and 12 were mongrels, aged between 7 months and 14 yr. Presence of periodontitis was determined by assessment of alveolar bone loss on radiographs of the skulls and jaws. Periodontitis occurred frequently with increasing age, although the prevalence varied markedly among and within different breeds. Of the breeds most represented in the sample, periodontitis was most frequently seen in poodles and dachshunds but was rarely recognized in German shepherd dogs. Regardless of age, the vast majority of the dogs displayed either one or both of two different radiographic patterns of alveolar bone loss. One pattern was characterized by slight, horizontal alveolar bone loss involving interradicular and interdental areas. The other pattern was one of predominantly crater-like, or narrow, vertical bone defects which, when advanced, often extended around a single root or tooth to surround the root apices. The two types of patterns did not seem to be breed-dependent. The posterior maxillary and mandibular premolars and molars were the most frequently affected teeth. Alveolar bone loss was most severe in the maxilla, while corresponding bone loss in the mandible was more often related to increasing age.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1996

Non-submerged implants in the treatment of the edentulous lower jar. A 2-year longitudinal study.

Non-submerged ITI Bonefit implants (ITI Dental Implant System) were inserted in edentulous lower jaws of 46 patients. The patients were provided with either a fixed prosthesis or an overdenture, and has been followed during a 2-year-period. At the 1-year examination, the suprastructures were removed permitting test of the individual implant stability. Radiographic examinations were performed in connection with the loading of the implants and at the 1-year examination. In total 216 implants were inserted. 4 implants were lost before loading and 4 during the 2nd year of function, which gives a survival rate after 1 year 98% and after 2 years of 96%. The mean marginal bone loss during the first year of function was 0.1 mm. However, the marginal bone changes had a high degree of variation and four implants showed a severe bone loss. The intention is to follow this patient group with annual examinations during 5 years.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Root caries susceptibility in periodontally treated patients. Results after 12 years.

The aim of the investigation was to study the individual susceptibility to root caries in periodontally treated patients in a long-term follow-up of 12 years. Age, plaque score, salivary counts of lactobacilli and mutans streptococci, salivary secretion rate and buffer effect, oral sugar clearance time and dietary habit index were tested as possible predictors for root caries incidence. During the whole observation period of 12 years, new root caries lesions were recorded in 24 of a total of 27 patients. In 8 of these, the root caries incidence was between 1 and 5, in 7 between 6 and 9 and in 9, 12 or more new DFS. However, the annual mean number of new DFS was rather low. 13 patients with > 5 new DFS% during the 3rd 4-year period (years 9-12) differed significantly from 14 patients with < or = 5 new DFS% in salivary mutans streptococcus counts (p < 0.01), plaque scores (p < 0.001) and new DFS% during the 2nd 4-year period (years 5-8) (p < 0.001). Simultaneously, risk values among the variables tested at the 8-year examination were about 3 x more prevalent in patients that developed > 5 new DFS% in years 9-12 than in those with < or = 5 new DFS%. During the whole 12-year observation period, smokers had significantly more root caries than non-smokers (p < 0.05).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Aged↗
PubMed1986

Long-term evaluation of root surface caries in periodontally treated patients.

Caries development on exposed root surfaces was evaluated in 31 patients who had been subjected to surgical and/or nonsurgical periodontal treatment 8 years earlier due to advanced chronic periodontitis. Besides assessments for evaluation of the periodontal treatment, a number of examinations and tests were carried out in order to assess variables presumed to influence the root surface caries development. Both statistical and graphical analyses were carried out to test differences between groups of subjects and to evaluate the variables studied as possible risk factors for root surface caries. The variables studied were: salivary lactobacillus count, salivary Streptococcus mutans count, plaque score, salivary secretion rate, salivary buffer effect, oral sugar clearance time, dietary habits and the age of the subject. The final results support previous findings from an initial 4-year period that root surface caries occurs, though to a minor extent, in this patient category demonstrating good or excellent periodontal conditions after periodontal treatment. A positive correlation was found between the baseline and final root surface caries scores. After the second 4-year period, the salivary counts of S. mutans and lactobacilli, the plaque score and the dietary habits differed significantly between groups of subjects who had developed 0 or greater than 5 new DFS %. Root surface caries was far more prevalent when risk values of the variables studied were present than when they were absent. The important variables in this respect differed considerably between the subjects. No single variable was found to be discriminative in all subjects.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Dietary pattern and dental caries in 19-year-old adolescents subjected to preventive measures focused on oral hygiene and/or fluorides.

Dietary habits and dental caries were analysed in 95 19-year-old Swedish adolescents who had been subjected to different preventive measures during their late teens. A 24-hour recall was used and showed that the intakes of milk and milk products, meat, fish and eggs accorded with recommended norms but not those of vegetables, fruits and berries, and potatoes and root vegetables. Only 6% of the subjects had eaten the recommended three principal meals during the day tested. At the end of the trial, only weak or moderate correlations were found between snacks, including sucrose snacks, and selected clinical variables. Subjects who did not develop new carious lesions during the experimental 2 years had fewer risk factors, defined as the most negative values (quartile limit) for sucrose snack consumption, tooth cleaning score, lactobacillus count, saliva secretion rate and saliva buffer capacity, than those who developed one or more new lesions. During the experimental period, with an overall low caries incidence, no single factor tested for presumed risk was found to be the discriminating factor for occurrence of dental caries.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

Marginal bone height in adolescents participating in different preventive dental care programs.

A radiographic evaluation was made of the marginal bone height in youth, subject to different preventive dental care regimens. A test group consisted of 14-15-year-olds who for 4 years had received preventive dental care based on oral hygiene education, professional tooth cleaning and topical fluorides and/or mouth rinsings every 3rd week. A comparison group had been given solely fluoride mouth rinsings every 2nd week with no particular emphasis on oral hygiene measures. The radiographic evaluation showed average differences between the investigated groups of less than 0.3 mm in the distance from the cementoenamel junction to the alveolar bone crest. In the mandibular premolar-molar region of the comparison group, the marginal bone height differed significantly from the corresponding region in the test group. No such differences in the maxillary regions were noted. The clinical relevance of the results is discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

Evaluation of cause-related periodontal therapy and compliance with maintenance care recommendations.

An evaluation of the long-term clinical effects of an intense period of cause-related periodontal therapy provided by dental hygiene students, was made in patients with moderately advanced periodontitis. By the evaluation, we also intended to gain information about compliance with given recommendations for periodontal health maintenance. The results after 3 years without supervision by the specialist team showed that achieved beneficial effects on the gingival conditions were maintained despite a significant increase in plaque prevalence. Recommendations as to the daily use of a variety of additional oral hygienic measures besides toothbrushing met with a considerable lack of compliance. Maintenance visits to the referring general practitioner were mostly made once a year and included regular dental care. Despite this, no further deterioration of periodontal status was observed. The results indicate that it may be possible to maintain successful effects of periodontal therapy in this patient category with less personal and professional effort than traditionally recommended.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Effect of combined systemic antimicrobial therapy and mechanical plaque control in patients with recurrent periodontal disease.

The aim of the present study was to analyze the effect of systemic antimicrobial therapy and mechanical plaque control in patients with recurrent periodontal disease. 9 patients volunteered for the combined therapy. At a baseline examination they were randomly distributed into 2 groups, one given tetracycline therapy for 2 weeks and the other metronidazole therapy for 1 week. A mechanical plaque control program comprising oral hygiene training, professional cleaning of all teeth and subgingival debridement at diseased sites was carried out at the baseline examination and at all recall visits, i.e. once every month during the first 6 months and then after 9, 12, and 18 months. The results demonstrated clinically and microbiologically that a combination of an initial antimicrobial and a continuous systematic mechanical plaque control program may be a valuable therapeutic approach in a strictly selected group of refractory patients. Recurrent periodontal lesions which still displayed severe inflammation despite renewed conventional therapy showed a marked reduction in probing depths, bleeding and suppuration from the pockets, and further, a reduced presence of spirochetes and motile rods during the trial. The results indicate that the level and longevity of success is also related to whether or not self-performed oral hygiene measures are sufficiently carried out. No superior effect of the combined program could be observed in cooperating patients receiving tetracycline as compared with those given metronidazole.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Clinical effects of preventive regimens for young people in their early and middle teens in relation to previous experience with dental prevention.

The clinical effects of different preventive regimens provided for young people in their early and middle teens were studied during a 2-year period. The regimens studied during the 1st year of the trial were professional tooth-cleaning plus fluoride mouth-rinsing every 3rd week versus fluoride varnish treatment every 6 months. During the 2nd year, the preventive measures were given in accordance with the estimated needs of each individual. The results were related to the individuals' previous experience with dental prevention to determine whether this had a significant influence. The results showed that fairly good or excellent effects on the individuals' oral hygiene and gingival status were readily achieved and maintained with a professional tooth-cleaning plus fluoride mouth-rinsing regimen. The study failed to demonstrate any superior caries-preventive effect of the fluoride varnish treatments. Subsequent individualized prevention produced similar average end results in all groups. Differences in the results in accordance with the individuals' previous experience with dental prevention indicate a superior and prolonged influence on dental health of professional tooth-cleaning plus fluoride mouth-rinsing in comparison with a fluoride-based program alone.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

Relevance of social and behavioral factors in the evaluation of dental health care for school children.

An interdisciplinary strategy based on a theoretical model for studying dental health was used to analyze the relevance of social and behavioral factors in the evaluation of dental health care for school children. The study comprised pupils who, after a total period of 5 years, differed in their experience with preventive regimens applying different principles of dental prevention. In 1979-80 social and behavioral data were collected by means of a postal questionnaire from altogether 234 pupils, aged 15-16 years, from two school areas. Clinical data, comprising scores for prevalence of plaque, gingivitis, and caries, were available from examinations in 1974, 1978, and 1979. The analysis of factors influencing the subjects' oral status demonstrated that material factors--the parents' education and employment, type of housing, and line of education--and physical factors--sex and prevalence of plaque, gingivitis, and caries at base line--all were of significance for the results obtained. No significant influence of home care climate (social/political factors), dental knowledge and attitudes, general foresightedness or carelessness (mental factors), or tooth-cleaning and sweet-eating habits (action factors) was found. Social and behavioral factors of significance exerted their influence regardless of the type and scope of the dental health care provided. Gingival health was far more a consequence of the professional tooth-cleaning regimen than dependent on the social and behavioral factors tested. No superior effect on caries status was demonstrated for any of the preventive regimens tested.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

Oral state of children with epilepsy on treatment with sodium valproate.

The aim of the study was, due to two recent reports about gingival and mucosal lesions, to survey the frequency of intraoral side effects in connection with sodium valproate treatment in epileptics. All patients on this drug treatment available at the University Hospital in Linköping, Sweden - in all 10 children, aged 8-14 - with absence seizures (simple petit mal), and treated for 1 to 4 yr, constituted a treatment group. Untreated age-matched, newly diagnosed epileptics constituted a comparison group. In each individual the oral hygiene state, gingival and periodontal condition, mucosal condition, caries prevalence, saliva secretion rate, salivary buffer capacity and lactobacillus count were estimated. The results revealed no divergences in the treated as compared with the untreated individuals which could be regarded as intraoral side effects deriving from the drug treatment.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

Dental prophylaxis for youths in their late teens. II. Knowledge about dental health and diseases and the relation to dental health behavior.

A study of the knowledge about dental health and diseases of youths in their late teens has been conducted. A 10-class questionnaire relating to dental caries and gingivitis/periodontitis was answered by three test groups (A, B, C) totalling seventy-eight 19-year-olds who, during a 3-year period, had undergone professional prophylaxis at different intervals. Nineteen young people of the same age without organized preventive measures since their last attendance at the public dental service constituted a control group (D). The test groups were found to have a significantly better knowledge of factors relating to gingivitis/periodontitis than the control group. In questions relating to caries there were no differences among the groups. Higher points were scored in knowledge of therapy and prevention than of the causes and symptoms of the dental diseases. Several regularly repeated sessions for professional prophylaxis did not lead to better knowledge than only a few. No consistent correlation was found for any of the groups between knowledge and both quantitative tooth cleaning, i.e. type and frequency of use of oral hygiene aids, and qualitative tooth cleaning, expressed as the occurrence of plaque and gingivitis. Nor were significant differences found in these respects between individuals with and without a caries increment during the observation period regardless of grouping.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

Effects of anti-epileptic drug treatment with carbamazepine or phenytoin on the oral state of children and adolescents.

Oral conditions were studied in 48 children and adolescents who, during short or long periods, had been assigned to anti-epileptic drug treatment with carbamazepine or phenytoin. The individuals were diagnosed as suffering from partial seizures or generalized tonic-clonic seizures and were distributed between three test groups according to the drug selected for treatment; patients on active carbamazepine (I) or phenytoin (II) medication, and patients previously treated with phenytoin (III). Untreated, newly diagnosed epileptics served as controls. The results showed that individuals treated with carbamazepine for an average of 3 years displayed no intra-oral side-effects from the drug treatment. Compared with those on carbamazepine medication the subjects treated with phenytoin demonstrated a significantly greater number of gingival units with increased probing depths, lower saliva secretion rates and lower salivary buffer capacities. In all groups a majority of the individuals showed unsatisfactory plaque control. As a consequence of the results of the investigation it appears justified, from a dental point of view, to support carbamazepine as the first drug of choice for treatment of the types of seizures mentioned.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

Prediction of root surface caries in patients treated for advanced periodontal disease.

The present investigation was undertaken (1) to analyze the prevalence of root surface caries prior to and after periodontal treatment and (2) to determine the feasibility of using simple clinical criteria for predicting a patient's risk of developing root surface caries following periodontal therapy. Thirty-one patients were given advanced periodontal treatment including periodontal surgery. At baseline they were examined for oral hygiene status, root surface caries experience and number of lactobacilli per ml saliva as evaluated by the Dentocult dip-slide method. Follow-up examinations 1, 2 and 4 years after baseline showed that a majority of the patients were treated successfully and maintained in periodontal health. Root surface caries developed in approximately two-thirds of the patients during the 4-year observation period. However, the total increment of root lesions during these years was mostly extremely low, i.e. less than 5% of exposed root surfaces. In higher risk patients developing new root surface caries, significant correlations were demonstrated with initial pretreatment scorings from (1) their previous root surface caries experience, (2) high lactobacillus counts and (3) advancing age. In addition, root surface caries incidence and low saliva secretion rats were found to correlate significantly during the course of the study.

Adult↗