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Biomedical subjects

S E Kim

Publications and source records attributed to S E Kim.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1995

Poor renal uptake of Tc-99m DMSA and Tc-99m MDP in a patient with Fanconi syndrome and near normal glomerular filtration rate.

The authors present a patient with Fanconi syndrome who demonstrated poor renal uptake of Tc-99m DMSA and high urinary concentration of the tracer. Tc-99m DTPA imaging was normal and the creatinine clearance was only minimally decreased. These findings suggest that Tc-99m DMSA may be accumulated in the kidney by glomerular filtration and subsequent tubular reabsorption. A Tc-99m MDP bone scan showed faint renal uptake, as well as diffuse high skeletal uptake, particularly in the spine, demonstrating that the metabolic bone disease associated with Fanconi syndrome can be one of the causes of poor renal visualization on a bone scan.

Bone and Bones↗
PubMed1994

Poor renal uptake of technetium-99m-DMSA and technetium-99m-MDP in a patient with Fanconi syndrome and near normal glomerular filtration rate.

We present a patient with Fanconi syndrome who demonstrated poor renal uptake of 99mTc-DMSA and high urinary concentration of the tracer. A 99mTc-DTPA scan was normal and the creatinine clearance only minimally decreased. These findings suggest that 99mTc-DMSA may be accumulated in the kidney by glomerular filtration and subsequent tubular reabsorption, with the nonabsorbed fraction appearing in the urine. In Fanconi Syndrome the tubular reabsorption of DMSA may also be reduced, thus explaining the poor renal uptake in this patient. A 99mTc-MDP bone scan showed faint renal uptake and diffuse high uptake mainly in the spine, demonstrating that the metabolic bone disease associated with Fanconi Syndrome can be another mechanism for poor renal visualization on bone scan.

Fanconi Syndrome↗
PubMed1994

GM-CSF and low-dose araC treatment of AML in prolonged hypoplasia with residual leukemic cells after induction chemotherapy.

We describe a case with acute myelogenous leukemia (AML; M2) who developed prolonged marrow hypoplasia with residual leukemic blasts and recurrent infections after induction chemotherapy. He was treated successfully with a sequential treatment of recombinant human granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (rhGM-CSF) and low-dose cytosine arabinoside (LD AraC). To the best of our knowledge this is the first reported case of a successful treatment of a patient with AML, who showed prolonged markedly hypocellular bone marrow with significant residual leukemic cells after induction chemotherapy, with a sequential treatment of GM-CSF and LD AraC.

Bone Marrow Diseases↗
PubMed1991

Absent or faint renal uptake on bone scan. Etiology and significance in metastatic bone disease.

A review of 14,296 unselected bone scans identified 889 scans showing absent or faint renal uptake. The majority of cases were associated with renal insufficiency (816/889; 91.8%), while widespread metastatic bone disease was the most common cause in a group of patients without renal disease (53/889; 6.0%). Of the 140 patients with prostate cancer, 108 (77.1%) had evidence of bone metastasis, 19 of whom (17.6%) revealed absent or faint renal uptake, demonstrating that poor renal uptake is more frequently associated with prostate cancer than with any other malignancy. Of note was that 162 out of 328 (49.4%) patients with stomach cancer at varying stages showed evidence of bone metastasis, and 14 of them (8.6%) showed poor renal images on bone scan. Interestingly, ankylosing spondylitis and rheumatoid arthritis were occasional causes of lack of renal activity (4 and 3 cases, respectively). A case of adult-form osteopetrosis, showing strikingly increased uptake mainly in the long bones with markedly diminished renal uptake, was also included in this study. Of the 53 bone scans with metastatic disease showing poor renal uptake, 44 (83.0%) revealed evidence of diffuse or multiple metastases in both spine and ribs, while 49 (92.5%) showed malignant involvement in three or more regions and 35 (66.0%) in four or more regions, suggesting widespread bone involvement in most cases.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Changes in thyrotropin receptor antibody after subtotal thyroidectomy in Graves' disease: comparison with the degree of lymphocytic infiltration in the thyroid.

To evaluate changes in TSH receptor antibody after surgery in Graves' disease and its relationship with the degree of lymphocytic infiltration, serial serum levels of TSH receptor antibody were measured before and after the subtotal thyroidectomy in 50 patients with Graves' disease. In 22 (44%) out of 50 patients, thyrotropin binding inhibitor immunoglobulin (TBII) levels gradually decreased and disappeared completely within 12 months after surgery (TBII disappearing group). Twenty-eight (56%) patients showed persistent TBII activity and their levels were not changed until 12 months after surgery (TBII persistent group). The changes of thyroid stimulating antibody (TSab) levels were very similar to those of TBII in both groups. The thyroidal lymphocytic infiltration was more prominent in the TBII disappearing group. The degree of the decrease of TBII levels after surgery correlated with the grade of thyroidal lymphocytic infiltration. There was no significant difference of TSH receptor antibody (both TBII and TSab) levels between the thyroid and peripheral venous blood. These data suggest that the persistence or disappearance of TSH receptor antibody after surgery may reflect the difference between patients in whom the thyroid is the major site of TSH receptor antibody and those in whom additional sites of TSH receptor antibody synthesis exist.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[18F]fluoromethylbenzylsulfonate ester: a rapid and efficient synthetic method for the N-[18F]fluoromethylbenzylation of amides and amines.

We have prepared 4-[18F]fluoromethylbenzylsulfonate esters as fluoromethylbenzylating agents. These agents are readily prepared by an [18F]fluoride ion displacement of the corresponding bissulfonate esters. The application of these 4-[18F]fluoromethylbenzylsulfonate esters to N-alkylation reaction of spiperone and 1-phenylpiperazine shows that the products 3-N-(4-[18F]fluoromethylbenzyl)spiperone and 1-N-(4-[18F]fluoromethylbenzyl)-4-phenylpiperazine are rapidly produced with high radiochemical yields under a no-carrier-added condition.

Alkylating Agents↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Gating provides improved accuracy for differentiating artifacts from true lesions in equivocal fixed defects on technetium 99m tetrofosmin perfusion SPECT.

BACKGROUND: Because equivocal fixed perfusion defects on single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) often cause a diagnostic dilemma in patients with suspected coronary artery disease (CAD), we used receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis to evaluate the degree of increased accuracy provided by adding gated images for interpretation of such cases. METHODS AND RESULTS: One hundred five (29%) of 365 consecutive patients undergoing technetium 99m tetrofosmin gated SPECT for evaluation of CAD demonstrated an equivocal fixed defect. Two independent observers graded the probability for true lesion with a 5-point system over 3 steps of interpretation: reviewing tomographic images alone (step 1), adding projection images (step 2), and adding gated cine images (step 3). Based on clinical criteria, 66 patients were categorized as disease negative and 25 as disease positive, while the final diagnosis was undetermined in 14 cases. Diagnostic performance was significantly higher at step 3 than at step 1 for both observers (p < 0.05 and < 0.0001) and at step 2 for observer B (p < 0.005). The maximum accuracy increased from 78.0% to 80.2% at step 2 to 84.6% to 86.8% at step 3. Moreover, the agreement of interpretation between the 2 observers was higher at step 3 (kappa = 0.53) than at step 1 (kappa = 0.29) or step 2 (kappa = 0.25). CONCLUSION: In patients showing an equivocal fixed defect on 99mTc tetrofosmin SPECT, gated cine images provide improved differential accuracy and enhanced objectivity of interpretation by reducing interobserver variance.

Artifacts↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Focal cortical dysplasia: comparison of MRI and FDG-PET.

PURPOSE: The purpose of this work was to compare the use of MRI and [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography (PET) in the diagnosis of focal cortical dysplasia (FCD). METHOD: Nineteen patients with surgically proven FCD were analyzed retrospectively. MRI was performed in all patients, and FDG-PET was performed in 17 patients. We compared the MR and FDG-PET findings of FCD according to the histologic findings that were classified into three grades. RESULTS: Four cases were classified as Grade I, 4 cases as Grade II, and 11 cases as Grade III FCD. The lesions were detected on MRI in 9 (82%) of the 11 patients with Grade III FCD and in only 1 (13%) of the 8 patients with Grade I and II FCD. Cortical hypometabolism of the lesion was revealed on FDG-PET in 6 (86%) of the 7 patients with Grade I and II FCD and in 9 (90%) of the 10 patients with Grade III FCD. The extent of the cortical abnormality was larger on FDG-PET than on MRI in 11 (65%) of the 17 patients. CONCLUSION: FDG-PET is more useful in delineating the cortical abnormality in patients with mild degrees of FCD. The extent of the lesion was larger or similar on FDG-PET compared with that of the MRI.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

N-butyl-2-cyanoacrylate pulmonary embolism after endoscopic injection sclerotherapy for gastric variceal bleeding.

PURPOSE: The purpose of this work was to describe the radiologic and clinical manifestations of n-butyl-2-cyanoacrylate pulmonary embolism (PE) after endoscopic injection sclerotherapy (EIS) for gastric variceal bleeding. METHOD: From 1992 to 1999, the medical records of 140 patients who had undergone EIS using n-butyl-2-cyanoacrylate were reviewed for identification of respiratory symptoms and amount of injection, and their pre- and postprocedure chest radiographs were reviewed to identify PE. In patients with PE, pre- and postprocedure chest radiographs (6/6), chest CT scans (3/6), lung perfusion scans (3/6), and follow-up chest radiographs (6/6) were analyzed retrospectively. RESULTS: Radiographically evident PE was observed in 6 (4.3%) of 140 patients. In comparison with patients without emboli, these patients received a higher mean volume of injection (4.2 vs. 1.8 ml) (p = 0.0011). Four of the six patients with pulmonary emboli had respiratory symptoms. Chest radiographs and CT scans showed unusual tubular or nodular, radiopaque pulmonary emboli along the pulmonary vessels. Multiple peripheral, wedge-shaped, subsegmental perfusion defects were seen on perfusion lung scans. In five of six patients, the radiographic abnormalities showed complete or partial resolution. There were no fatalities directly associated with PE. CONCLUSION: Radiographically evident PEs are uncommonly observed following EIS and appear to be more common in patients receiving a higher volume of liquid acrylate. Affected patients were either mildly symptomatic or asymptomatic, and there were no direct fatalities of this complication.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Ginsenoside-Rs3, a new diol-type ginseng saponin, selectively elevates protein levels of p53 and p21WAF1 leading to induction of apoptosis in SK-HEP-1 cells.

In this paper, we present evidence that Ginsenoside-Rs3 (G-Rs3), a new diol-type ginseng saponin isolated from the roots of Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer, efficiently arrests the cell cycle at the G1/S boundary at lower doses, 0.1-5 microM, but induces apoptosis at higher doses, 10-25 microM, the effects of which were associated with selectively elevating protein levels of p53 and p21WAF1 in SK-HEP-1 cells. The cell growth suppressive and apoptosis inducing effects were confirmed by MTT assays together with flow cytometric analyses, morphological changes and DNA fragmentation. Immunoblotting showed that G-Rs3 significantly elevated protein levels of p53 and p21WAF1 prior to inducing apoptosis, while it did not elevate those of cyclin E, cyclin A, p27Kip1, and PCNA. Immune complex kinase assays showed that G-Rs3 downregulated the activities of both cyclins E- and A-associated kinases. Collectively, we suggest that G-Rs3 selectively elevates protein levels of p53 and p21WAF1 and hence downregulates the activities of the cyclin-dependent kinases, resulting in cell cycle arrest at the G1/S boundary. We also propose that apoptosis induced by G-Rs3 is related to the elevations of p53 and p21WAF1 in the cells.

Apoptosis↗