PubMed Health⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

S E Maddison

Publications and source records attributed to S E Maddison.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1981

Gross and histological studies of immediate, Arthus, and delayed skin test responses to schistosome antigen, and of delayed response to ubiquitous antigens in Egyptians.

Gross studies of skin reactions to adult antigen of Schistosoma mansoni were made on 156 hospitalized patients with schistosomiasis and 114 subjects from the nonendemic area of Hurghada in Egypt. Wheal areas equal to or greater than 1.0 cm2 indicated a positive immediate (15-min) reaction to adult worm antigen; the criterion of positivity for both 24-hour and 48-hour delayed reactions was an area of induration equal to or greater than 0.6 cm2. Immediate reactions with adult worm antigen were observed in 99% of the patients with schistosomiasis and 11% of the subjects from Hurghada: the percentages with delayed reaction were 58% and 2%, respectively. Biopsies of skin test sites at various intervals after antigen injection were done on 87 individuals. Eosinophilic and mononuclear infiltrates were characteristic of immediate and delayed skin responses, respectively. Biopsies from 22 patients with marked skin reactions 5 hours after antigen injection showed that a neutrophilic response indicative of Arthus reactivity was present in only 18. Thus, Arthus reactivity could not be determined on gross appearance alone. The studies did not show any evidence of delayed basophilic hypersensitivity to schistosome antigen. Immunofluorescent studies on a small number of biopsies suggested that a late phase (5-hour) reaction due to IgE may occur in some patients. Delayed reactivity to mumps and/or monilia skin test antigens was observed in 91% of Egyptians in a nonendemic area of schistosomiasis. Delayed hypersensitivity to PPD was detected in 44% of the same group.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

Acquired immunity in B cell-deficient mice to challenge exposure following primary infection with Schistosoma mansoni.

Mice were made B cell-deficient by injections of globulin prepared from goat antimouse mu-chain serum. Anti-mu globulin was administered throughout the experiments (18 or 23 weeks). B cell deficiency was determined at the time of assay of worm burden levels (7 weeks after challenge with Schistosoma mansoni) by quantitation of serum IgM and IgG, by assaying the specific antibody response to cercarial and adult worm antigens in enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and by histologic examination of the spleen and mesenteric (regional) lymph nodes. Four-week-old mice were exposed to S. mansoni and 8 weeks later were challenged with a second exposure. The B cell-deficient mice developed a degree of resistance (79%) similar to that of the intact controls (81%). The IgM and IgG levels of the B cell-deficient mice were markedly suppressed. Follicular development was not detected in their lymph nodes; but in the spleen of some animals clusters of cells morphologically similar to B cells were observed peripheral to a central T cell-like area. B cell-deficient mice developed schistosome egg granulomas comparable to those of the intact controls. Control animals developed an antibody response with titers of 1:64 to 1:1,024 against cercarial and adult worm antigens; B cell-deficient animals were nonreactive in these assays. The data suggest that specific antibody does not play a major role in resistance acquired within 8 weeks as a result of a primary infection in murine schistosomiasis.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Systematic fractionation of Schistosoma mansoni urea-soluble egg antigens and their evaluation by the single-tube, kinetic-dependent, enzyme-linked, immunosorbent assay (K-ELISA).

The application of a single-tube, kinetic-dependent, enzyme-linked, immunosorbent assay (k-ELISA) is described. The k-ELISA is simple, highly sensitive, and quantitative. With this test, the antigenic activities and cross-reactivities of several fractions from Schistosoma mansoni eggs were quantitated and compared. Particulate egg components were solubilized readily by 8 M urea, yielding antigenic fractions of high specific activities and low corss-reactivities. SDS-PAGE and activity profiles of these antigens clearly showed that they were separate and distinct form the soluble egg antigens (SEA) group. The urea-solubilized antigens appeared to be composed of two major protein bands of high molecular weights. The yield for these antigens was significantly greater than the SEA group, thus making them worthwhile candidates for serological antigens. The systematic and quantitative nature of the present study allows for the critical comparison of every antigenic fraction from S. mansoni eggs. From data of this type, a diagnostic antigen of high efficacy can be selected.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Respiratory and psychological effects of oral temazepam in volunteers.

In a double-blind comparison with placebo the time-course of the effects of temazepam 40 mg and 20 mg on breathing, arterial pressure, oral temperature, cognitive function, psychomotor performance and subjective observations have been examined in 12 healthy volunteers. Temazepam 40 mg caused significant displacement of the ventilatory response to carbon dioxide 1 h after administration and a decrease in oral temperature 2 h after administration. Deficits in cognitive function were still apparent 1.5 and 2.5 h after administration and psychomotor performance did not equal control at 3.5 h. However, most subjects felt normal 2.5-3 h afterwards. Temazepam 20 mg had significant effects on cognitive function and psychomotor performance only during the 1st hour after administration.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1980

A sex difference in the effects of oral codeine and promethazine on the ventilatory response to carbon dioxide in human volunteers.

1 Interactions between codeine and promethazine have been studied in male and female volunteers, measuring ventilation, end tidal PCO2, ventilatory response to CO2, pulse and blood pressure. 2 The effects of codeine on the above measurements have been compared in subjects who habitually smoke cigarettes and non smoking subjects. 3 Codeine displaced the ventilatory response to CO2 to the right and increased end tidal PCO2 in female subjects but not in males. 4 Promethazine plus codeine displaced the ventilatory response to CO2 to the right in male subjects but tended to reduce the response to codeine in females. 5 The slope of the ventilatory response to CO2 was significantly steeper in smokers and codeine caused significant reductions in slope in these subjects.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Kinetic studies of a quantitative single-tube enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.

We describe a single-cuvette enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) based on enzymic rate kinetics. This kinetic assay can yield linear quantitative data on immunoglobin concentrations. Optimum assay conditions, component concentrations, reaction intervals, and pH are described. Assay linearity and sensitivity are demonstrated in systems involving immunoglobulin G and antibodies to it, and with pooled sera from monkeys infected with Schistosoma mansoni.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Standardization of FIAXtm for schistosomiasis using crude cercarial and adult worm antigens.

A fluoroimmunoassay (FIAXTM) has been developed for quantitating the antibody response to schistosomiasis by using cercarial and adult worm antigens of Schistosoma mansoni. The FIAXTM assay was calibrated by using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) performed with the same antigens. Studies of reproducibility and preliminary data on a battery of sera from proven cases of schistosomiasis an uninfected control sera are presented.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Serum immunoglobulin levels and malaria antibodies in Burkitt's lymphoma.

Data are presented to support a relationship between malaria infection and Burkitt's lymphoma in African children. IgG, IgM and IgA levels were measured in sera from Burkitt's lymphoma patients and from sex- and age-matched, nearest-neighbour controls. All three classes of immunoglobulins were present in significantly lower amounts in the sera from Burkitt's lymphoma patients than in the sera from controls. The mechanism of this apparent B-cell suppression is not yet clear. Malaria-specific IgG and IgM antibody titres were determined in the indirect immunofluorescence test. No significant difference in the IgG malaria-specific antibodies was detected between the two groups of sera. Malaria antibody levels measured using IgM specific conjugates were significantly lower in the sera from Burkitt's lymphoma patients in reactions with Plasmodium falciparum antigen. No significant difference was observed when P. malariae was used. Confirmation of this finding would serve as a positive link between Burkitt's lymphoma and P. falciparum infection.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Immunization against Schistosoma mansoni in rhesus monkeys and the requirement of activation of both cell-mediated and humoral mechanisms.

When groups of rhesus monkeys were pretreated with BCG plus hyperimmune serum from monkeys with chronic schistosomiasis or with dialyzable transfer factor from uninfected monkeys plus hyperimmune serum and were challenged with 1,500 cercariae of Schistosoma mansoni, the mean worm burdens were significantly lower than that of untreated controls. Pretreatment with neither BCG alone nor Corynebacterium parvum plus a membrane antigen of adult worms of S. mansoni affected susceptibility. Neither lymphocyte proliferation in the presence of mitogens or schistosome antigen nor serological responsiveness (as measured by gel diffusion, Cercarienhüllenreaktion, circumoval precipitation, or enzyme-linked immunoabsorbent assay) correlated with the degree of resistance of the animals to S. mansoni. The pretreatment procedures used did not cause any abnormal histopathological responses and did not alter the characteristic host response to schistosome eggs in the lungs, liver, mesenteric lymph nodes, and colon.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Immune responses to Schistosoma mansoni in rhesus monkeys with multiple chronic and early primary infections.

Immunological reactivity in 10 rhesus monkeys was monitored over a 22-week period. Cellular and humoral responses of three animals were studied after primary infection with Schistosoma mansoni. Two uninfected animals served as controls. Increased lymphocyte proliferative responsiveness to mitogens and adult worm antigen was evident during the prepatent period of the infection. Marked suppression of these responses occurred during the acute phase of the disease, but by weeks 9 and 11 the animals were again responsive to mitogens and antigen, respectively, and remained so throughout the remainder of the observation period. No antibody response to various cercarial, adult worm, and egg antigens could be detected until weeks 5 to 7, after which these responses also persisted. Comparison of the immunological reactivities of these animals with primary infection and those of five chronically infected immune animals indicated possible correlations between protective immunity and (i) strong Cercarienhüllenreaktion reactivity, and (ii) lymphocyte proliferative responsiveness to adult worm antigen.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Double-staining procedure for the fluorescent treponemal antibody absorption (FTA-ABS) test.

The fluorescent treponemal antibody absorption (FTA-ABS) double-staining procedure was reproducible, comparable to the conventional test, and easy to read. We recommend the use of the FTA-ABS double-staining procedure for microscopes with incident illumination, the 100 x/1.30 oil achromatic objective and the 6.3 x ocular to obtain optimal fluorescence, and the KP560 as a barrier filter to exclude rhodamine emission when fluorescein fluorescence is read. With this system, errors related to poor focusing or failure to visualise treponemes on all smears should be eliminated.

Fluoresceins↗
PubMed1979

Adoptive transfer of protective immunity in experimental schistosomiasis in the mouse.

Passive transfer of immune serum alone did not confer protection to recipient mice irrespective of the routes of serum transfer or cercarial challenge of Schistosoma mansoni. Mice that received both sensitized cells and immune serum were protected against challenge by subcutaneous injection of cercariae but not by percutaneous exposure. The immune serum could be transferred as late as 8 days after subcutaneous challenge, suggesting that the protection was afforded in part by a late parasite killing mechanism which functions after the schistosomula have migrated through the lungs.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Schistosoma mansoni infection in intact and B cell deficient mice: the effect of pretreatment with BCG in these experimental models.

The course of infection with Schistosoma mansoni was determined in B cell deficient mice by means of a schistosomule lung recovery assay 6 days after infection or by determination of the adult worm burden 7 weeks after infection. The intensity of infection was not significantly different from that in age- and sex-matched intact controls. B cell deficiency was demonstrated by absence of surface immunoglobulin-bearing cells in the spleen and by absence of B cell areas in the lymphoid follicles of the spleen and mesenteric lymph nodes. In addition, B cell deficient mice infected for 7 weeks with S. Mansoni were unable to form anti-schistosome antibodies detectable by the Cercarienhüllenreaktion. A normal granulomatous response, however, was observed around schistosome eggs. Pretreatment with BCG suppressed infection with S. mansoni comparably in intact and B cell deficient mice. A marked depletion of eosinophils occurred in the schistosome egg granuloma of all BCG treated mice.

Animals↗