Evidence-based dentistry: a new tool for clinical decision-making.
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Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to S E Schonfeld.
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This article presents the results of a survey of dental auxiliaries conducted by the California Dental Association's Council on Education and Professional Relations. The survey found that a surprisingly high number of dental assistants (56 percent) and hygienists (42 percent) are considering whether to remain in the dental health care field, stated reasons for this include lack of paid benefits and little opportunity for career growth. The results also suggest, however, that if the perceived deficiencies in these areas were addressed, RDAs and RDHs might remain in the profession.
The inhibitory effect of some non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) on bone resorption is well documented. To explore the effect of NSAIDs on bone formation, we investigated the time course and dose/response characteristics of treatment with various non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) on ectopic bone formation induced by demineralized bone matrix (DBM) in the rat model. Using biochemical assays, both inhibitory and stimulatory effects on bone formation were found in rats treated with NSAIDs prior to DBM implantation depending on the type and amount of drug administered. There appears to be an enhancement of bone formation for acetaminophen (50 mg/kg), acetylsalicylic acid (50 mg/kg), and ibuprofen (50 mg/kg). Indomethacin (4 mg/kg) and piroxicam (4 mg/kg) had inhibitory effects. Flurbiprofen, on the other hand, did not appear to affect bone formation significantly. In contrast, there was no effect of NSAIDs on bone formation in rats treated with the drugs after implantation of the DBM. It appears that the time course of the drug administration is critical, suggesting that early events in bone formation may be modulated by arachidonic acid metabolites.
Fifty-eight periodontal isolates of the families Enterobacteriaceae and Pseudomonadaceae, and the genera Acinetobacter and Achromobacter were studied to determine their susceptibility to Peridex (0.12% chlorhexidine digluconate solution; Procter & Gamble). In an agar dilution assay, about 50% of the study strains grew in the presence of 70 micrograms/ml of chlorhexidine. Enterobacter cloacae, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Pseudomonas cepacia, and Serratia marcescens comprised the most resistant species. Studies are needed to determine the microbiological and clinical effects of chlorhexidine usage in patients infected with enteric rods and pseudomonads.
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Thirty tissue samples were examined histologically and classified as being inflamed (apical granulomas) or noninflamed (scars or noninflamed cysts). The samples were then homogenized in pyrogen-free water and treated to remove interfering substances. The presence of endotoxin was then determined by means of the limulus assay; 75 percent of the inflamed tissues were positive for endotoxin, while only 20 percent of the noninflamed tissues contained endotoxin. The presence of endotoxin was thus highly correlated (p = 0.015) with the presence of inflammation in these tissues.
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